"sepsis"

Platelets are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in inflammation beyond their traditional involvement in haemostasis. This review consolidates knowledge on platelets as critical players in inflammatory responses. This study did an extensive search of electronic databases and identified studies on platelets in inflammation, focusing on molecular mechanisms, cell interactions, and clinical implications, emphasizing recent publications. Platelets contribute to inflammation via surface receptors, release of mediators, and participation in neutrophil extracellular trap formation...

The efficacy of surgical intervention for perianal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies is not well established. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and complications of surgical treatment of perianal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies. This retrospective study included patients with hematological malignancies who were diagnosed with perianal infections and treated at the China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital between 2018 and 2022...

For many years, it has been known that VWF interacts with FVIII, collagen and platelets. In addition, the key roles played by VWF in regulating normal hemostasis have been well defined. However, accumulating recent evidence has shown that VWF can interact with a diverse array of other novel ligands. To date, more than 60 different binding partners have been described, with interactions mapped to specific VWF domains in some cases. Although the biological significance of these VWF binding interactions has not been fully elucidated, recent studies have identified some of these novel ligands as regulators of various aspects of VWF biology, including biosynthesis, proteolysis and clearance...

Neutrophils possess a diverse repertoire of pathogen clearance mechanisms, one of which is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response that has been shown to contribute to morbidity and mortality in many infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, influenza, bacterial sepsis, and SARS-CoV-2 infection...

It is unclear whether risk of infection is increased in individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis and in individuals with low or high plasma iron, transferrin saturation, or ferritin. Therefore, we tested whether high and low iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin are associated with risk of infections observationally and genetically through HFE genotypes. We studied 142,188 Danish general population individuals. Iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin were measured in 136,656, 136,599, and 38,020 individuals, respectively...

Injury causes 4.4 million deaths worldwide annually. 90% of all injury-related deaths occur in low-and-middle income countries. Findings from expert-led trauma death reviews can inform strategies to reduce trauma deaths. A cohort of trauma decedents was identified from an on-going study in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. For each case, demographics, injury characteristics, time and location of death and postmortem findings were collected. An expert multidisciplinary panel of reviewed each case, determined preventability and made recommendations for improvement...

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most frequent causes of general emergency surgery. The 30-day mortality rate post-surgery ranges widely from 2 to 30%, contingent upon the patient population, which renders risk assessment tools helpful. this study aimed to develop a 30-day point-scoring risk calculator designed for patients undergoing SBO surgery. Patients who underwent SBO surgery were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2005 to 2021. Patients were randomly sampled into an experimental (2/3) and a validation (1/3) group...

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays critical regulatory roles in cardiovascular physiology/pathology. However, the role of FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) in sepsis-associated myocardial injury and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. C57BL/6J mice are treated with OCA before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The histopathology of the heart and assessment of FXR expression and mitochondria function are performed. To explore the underlying mechanisms, H9c2 cells, and primary cardiomyocytes are pre-treated with OCA before LPS treatment, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059 is used...

Diagnostic and prognostic values of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) were determined in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI). The study included 120 septic patients and set two groups: SI-AKI group (n = 60) or non-AKI group (n = 60). Fasting venous blood was drawn, and KLF5 and RUNX1 levels were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for diagnostic evaluation of KLF5 and RUNX1 in SI-AKI. The correlation between KLF5 and RUNX1 and serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (Cys-C), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) were assessed by Pearson method...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, or PRES, is a constellation of severe, acute hypertension and specific brain imaging findings. This may be caused by failure of the cerebral autoregulatory system to manage acute or severe changes in blood pressure. The incidence in children is unknown but estimated to be more common in children with predisposing factors including renal disease, autoimmune disease, malignancy, solid organ transplantation, stem cell transplantation, hypertension, sepsis, and exposure to certain medications...

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have the potential for transcriptional regulation in sepsis-induced liver injury, but precise functions remain unclear. Our aim is to conduct a genome-wide expression analysis of RBPs and illuminate changes in the regulation of alternative splicing in sepsis-induced liver injury. RNA-seq data on "sepsis and liver" from the publicly available NCBI data set was analyzed, and differentially expressed RBPs and alternative splicing events (ASEs) in the healthy and septic liver were identified...

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fungemia is rare and highly resistant to antifungal therapy. We herein report a case involving a 31-year-old male admitted after a high-velocity road traffic accident. He sustained a grade IV liver injury with right hepatic vein thrombosis, which necessitated an urgent laparotomy. Post-operatively, repeated imaging of the abdomen revealed the presence of a biloma. Percutaneous subdiaphragmatic drainage was carried out but appeared ineffective, prompting a second surgery for an urgent hemi-hepatectomy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute inflammation is the body's first defense in response to pathogens or injury. Failure to efficiently resolve the inflammatory insult can severely affect tissue homeostasis, leading to chronic inflammation. Neutrophils play a pivotal role in eradicating infectious pathogens, orchestrating the initiation and resolution of acute inflammation, and maintaining physiological functions. The resolution of inflammation is a highly orchestrated biochemical process, partially modulated by a novel class of endogenous lipid mediators known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)...

OBJECTIVE: Hospital-acquired infections are a common complication for patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to morbidity and mortality. As infection-mediated immune responses can predispose towards epilepsy, we hypothesized that post-injury hospital-acquired infections increase the risk of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of adults with moderate to severe TBI was conducted using data from the Victorian State Trauma Registry in Australia...

Amputation secondary to vascular complications of recurrent dislocations after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an extremely rare. We describe an unusual case of above-knee amputation resulting from vascular complications after recurrent dislocations of a THA. A 63-year-old male patient with walking pain and limp has a history of acetabular fracture and central dislocation of the femoral head. He was diagnosed as post-traumatic arthritis and subluxation of the femoral head and suffered from four similar dislocations in 210 days after the THA...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

We investigated the relationship between neutrophil apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in sepsis and its mechanism. A prospective cohort study was conducted by recruiting a total of 58 patients with sepsis. Peripheral blood samples were collected on 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after admission to the ICU. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum specific glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), Bcl-2-like 11 (BIM), death receptor 5 (DR5), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 were detected by Western blot and PCR...

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of retrograde double J stent (RDJS) placement in the management of complicated obstructive uropathy caused by urolithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study done at a tertiary center was implemented in which a total of 27 patients (10 males, 17 females) with average age of 48.74 years (range: 15-88) who underwent RDJS or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) between 2017 and 2021 due to complicated obstruction caused by urolithiasis were included...

BACKGROUND: Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) are often considered organisms of low virulence; however, infection can result in clinically significant sepsis and life-threatening complications in paediatric patients. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the spectrum of clinical presentation of VGS bacteraemia in paediatric patients, to analyse risk factors, and to describe the antibiotics resistance patterns of VGS. METHOD: Cultures of VGS in paediatric patients admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in 2019 were identified through National Health Laboratory Service...

UNLABELLED: Lemierre's syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome of septic thrombophlebitis following a bacterial oropharyngeal infection. Lemierre's syndrome can be difficult to recognise and has significant morbidity. We report the case of a young man with Lemierre's syndrome caused by Streptococcus pyogenes , who responded well to 2 weeks of beta-lactam therapy. CONTRIBUTIONS: This case report summarises the key presenting features of Lemierre's syndrome and provides a brief literature review considering the South African context...