Hepatitis b diabetes

Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia are linked to an elevated risk for obesity, diabetes, and steatotic liver disease in the adult offspring. To establish and validate a noninvasive workflow for perinatal metabolic phenotyping, fixed neonates of common mouse strains were analyzed postmortem via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess liver volume and hepatic lipid (HL) content. The key advantage of nondestructive MRI/MRS analysis is the possibility of further tissue analyses, such as immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction, and even proteomics, maximizing the data that can be gained per individual and therefore facilitating comprehensive correlation analyses...

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia is one of the commonest inherited bleeding disorders which may lead to long term disabilities if not treated properly. Our aim of study is to understand the clinical characteristic, treatment and complications of adult haemophilia patients in our centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional review of all adult haemophilia A (HA) or haemophilia B (HB) patients who received treatment in Hospital Pulau Pinang from January 2021 to December 2022 was conducted...

(1) Background: Species of the genus Cymbopogon and its essential oil are known for their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (EOCF), and its major component, citral, on glycemic, lipid, antioxidant parameters, and oxidative stress in a type 1 diabetes (DM1) rat model. (2) Methods: Initially, EOCF was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antioxidant activity of EOCF and citral was evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We aimed to determine the predictors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: All consecutive treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection at the Haseki Training and Research Hospital between October 1, 2021, and September 31, 2022, were retrospectively enrolled...

BACKGROUND: The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to July 15, 2023, to identify eligible randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that lasted at least ≥24 weeks. The primary outcome was the overall cancer incidence, and the secondary outcomes were the incidences of various types of cancer...

BACKGROUND: The current research targeted to study the impact of nutritional intervention by two sourdough breads in improvement of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats. METHODS: Type-2 diabetes was induced in rats by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NC). Diabetic rats were fed on balanced diet or balanced diet containing 20% of sourdough bread I or II for a month. Lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and cognitive functions were assessed in all rats...

Vaccination is key to eliminating hepatitis B virus infection in South Africa (SA). Despite introducing immunisation in 1995, as part of the expanded programme of immunisation (EPI), hepatitis B virus infection remains endemic, and EPI vaccine coverage is incomplete. In addition to infants, non-immune adults at risk of infection through their occupation or with behavioural risk factors should receive vaccination. SA has many individuals with diabetes mellitus (a prevalence of almost 13%), obesity, HIV (8.45 million) or older age (5 million >60 years old), associated with a poorer vaccine response...

UNLABELLED: We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. In both middle-aged and young women, ALT/AST was associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk/leg fat ratio and pulse rate...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB)-infected patients occasionally develop cirrhosis despite having persistent viral suppression with antiviral therapy. We aimed to identify risk factors for developing cirrhosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-suppressed patients. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study involving 120 noncirrhotic CHB-infected patients achieving viral suppression with antiviral treatment, with 40 cases developing cirrhosis and 80 age-, sex-, and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)-matched controls...

Approximately 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases arise in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia, following a similarly high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in these regions. The etiology and epidemiology of HCC have recently changed worldwide. Although HBV infection is the main contributor to HCC development, a slow but continuous decline in HBV infection rates has been reported since 1990. Owing to the widespread use of direct-acting antivirals, the incidence of hepatitis C virus-related HCC has remarkably decreased in Japan and European countries...

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin liver disease (AATLD) occurs in a subset of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Risk factors for disease progression and specific pathophysiologic features are not well known and validated non-invasive assessments for disease severity are lacking. Currently, there are no approved treatments for AATLD. AIMS: To outline existing understanding of AATLD and to identify knowledge gaps critical to improving clinical trial design and development of new treatments...

BACKGROUND: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) prevalence is rising worldwide, linked to insulin resistance and obesity. SLD prevalence can surpass 10% even among those with normal weight. In Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), where Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) trematode infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common, infection related liver morbidity such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is high, but data on SLD prevalence is lacking. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and explore determinants of SLD in rural southern Lao PDR for lean and non-lean populations...

Background Noninvasive evaluation of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with multiparametric US is essential, but multicenter studies are lacking. Purpose To evaluate the ability of multiparametric US with attenuation imaging (ATI) and two-dimensional (2D) shear-wave elastography (SWE) for predicting metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in participants with MAFLD, regardless of hepatitis B virus infection status. Materials and Methods This prospective cross-sectional multicenter study of consecutive adults with MAFLD who underwent multiparametric US with ATI and 2D SWE, as well as liver biopsy, from September 2020 to June 2022 was conducted in 12 tertiary hospitals in China...

OBJECTIVE: Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic liver diseases (CLDs). However, the causality of T2DM on CLDs remained unknown in various ethnic groups. METHODS: We obtained instrumental variables for T2DM and conducted a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the causal effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection risk in Europeans and East Asians...

BACKGROUND: Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and increases hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, glucagon enhances hepatic protein and lipid metabolism during a mixed meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted from gut endocrine cells during meals and control glucose homeostasis by potentiating insulin secretion and inhibiting food intake. Both glucose homeostasis and food intake have been reported to be affected by circadian rhythms and vice versa...

Interleukins are a group of proteins that have a wide range of complex functions and are believed to be involved in several diseases and conditions. In particular, interleukin-40 (IL-40) is a recently identified cytokine associated with B cells that was first introduced by Catalan et al. in 2017. This cytokine has several roles in the body, including functioning in the formation of B cells in the bone marrow, IgA production, and expression in the intestinal microbiome. Moreover, IL-40 appears to be involved in numerous autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, type 2 diabetes, Graves' disease, and hepatic cell carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: The effects of viral hepatitis (VH) on type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain controversial. AIM: To analyze the causal correlation between different types of VH and T2D using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of VH, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and T2D were obtained from the BioBank Japan Project, European Bioinformatics Institute, and FinnGen. Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used to test exposure-outcome associations...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and systemic resistance to insulin are typical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the main pathophysiological alterations in insulin-sensitive organs is mitochondrial malfunction associated with oxidative stress and diminished fuel utilization. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has qualities that are anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic. In this work, rats suffering from type 2 diabetes were given a diet high in fat and sugar with the aim of examining the ameliorative effects of BCP on oxidative stress-mediated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction...

The development of tumors in livers transplanted from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-negative donors to patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis is rare. The present study describes the case of a woman in her 60s who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in her grafted liver, 19 years after transplantation, as well as a metachronous colorectal tumor. The pathological findings, including clinical, immunohistochemical and molecular results, are described in the present case report. The liver tumor was a conventional HCC and the colorectal tumor comprised a tubular adenocarcinoma...

A 39-year-old Caucasian woman affected by Noonan Syndrome (NS) mutated in RAF1 was referred to us with itchy lesions on her limbs that had appeared two months earlier. Clinically, there were multiple umbilicated papules with a hyperkeratotic central plug, localized on the upper and lower limbs (Figure 1, a-b). The patient had no personal history of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure, but suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Blood tests showed no abnormalities. On histological examination of a skin lesion, an ectatic hair follicle with a hyperkeratotic ostium was observed with fragments of hair, inflammatory cells, and epidermal perforation...