Interstitial Kung Disease

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic kidney disease are increasing. Hepatitis C infection (HCV) occurs in 1% of the world population and can induce several kidney diseases. DM prevalence is increased in individuals with HCV; however, kidney diseases in those with both DM and HCV have not been assessed. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) became available for HCV treatment in 2014; it is unknown if DAAs altered the spectrum of kidney disease in patients with DM and HCV...

A 33-year-old man presented with acute dyspnoea and profound hypoxaemia, and had clubbing, greying of hair, orthodeoxia and fine inspiratory crackles. CT chest showed established pulmonary fibrosis in a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. Additional investigations revealed a small patent foramen ovale, pancytopenia, and oesophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy from liver cirrhosis. Telomere length testing demonstrated short telomeres (<1st percentile), confirming the diagnosis of a telomere biology disorder...

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bladder pain and increased urinary frequency. Although the C57BL/6J (B6) and FVB/NJ (FVB) mouse strains are commonly used as animal models for studies involving the urinary system, few reports have compared their lower urinary tract anatomy, despite the importance of such data. Our study aimed to characterize bladder function changes in FVB and B6 mouse strains with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IC, to understand mouse model-based bladder research...

Providing a fast and accurate diagnosis of acute large-vessel occlusion on computed tomography angiograms (CTAs) is essential for timely intervention and good stroke outcomes. However, the detection and appropriate management of incidental findings are also important parts of any clinical radiology practice and can greatly affect patient care. The intricate anatomy covered by CTAs of the head and neck coupled with the time pressures of acute stroke diagnosis creates an environment in which unrelated, important findings can potentially be missed...

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is an uncommon interstitial lung disease that is characterized by an interstitial infiltrate of lymphoplasmacytic cells. While idiopathic LIP appears to be extremely rare, most reported cases of LIP have been associated with coexisting immune derangements, particularly autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. In this report, we describe the presentation of LIP in a patient with underlying mixed connective tissue disease.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Discuss the key points in diagnosing lymphedema. 2. Understand the imaging modalities that facilitate diagnosis and surgical planning. 3. Appreciate the indications for both physiologic and ablative procedures. 4. Recognize the potential role of lymphaticovenular anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transfer in the treatment of patients with lymphedema. SUMMARY: Lymphedema is an incurable disease caused by insufficient lymphatic drainage leading to abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid within the soft tissues...

BACKGROUND: Human adenovirus 7 (HAdV-7) was responsible for a significant number of fatalities during the 2011 community outbreak in Taiwan. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of severe adenovirus infections in non-immunocompromised individuals remain unclear. Adenovirus pneumonia was associated with pleural effusion in a number of patients from the 2011 outbreak suggesting that similar to bacterial pneumonia, patients diagnosed with adenovirus pneumonia who have pleural effusion are more severely and systemically infected, and may have a more protracted disease course...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the role of automated quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan interpretation algorithm in detecting interstitial lung disease (ILD) and/or emphysema in a sample of elderly subjects with mild lung disease. We hypothesized that the quantification and distributions of CT attenuation values on lung CT, over a subset of Hounsfield units (HUs) range (-1000 HU, 0 HU), can differentiate early or mild disease from normal lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the results of quantitative spiral rapid end-exhalation (functional residual capacity, FRC) and end-inhalation (total lung capacity, TLC) CT scan analyses of 52 subjects with radiographic evidence of mild fibrotic lung disease to the results of 17 normal subjects...

Renal parenchymal malacoplakia is a rare cause of acute renal failure. Traditionally, it was associated with a high mortality rate and commonly resulted in renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. The authors report on a 70-year-old woman who presented with acute renal failure caused by renal parenchymal malacoplakia. Her renal function recovered after levofloxacin treatment. All cases reported in the English-language literature since 1990, when fluoroquinolone was first used to treat malacoplakia, were reviewed...

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A 15 year old girl presented with weight loss, lymphadenopathy and severe renal failure. A diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were made by biopsy of a lymph node. Renal biopsy findings included diffuse infiltration of the interstitium by lymphocytes and plasma cells. There was a mild increase in mesangial matrix in the glomeruli. Renal function returned to normal after she received chemotherapy for the Hodgkin's disease. This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in the renal interstitial infiltrate and by a significant decrease in the renal size on intravenous pyelography...

A review of morphological investigations carried out to clarify the pathogenicity of industrial dust produced in the mining and processing of Estonian oil shale is given. Histological examination of lungs of workers in the oil shale industry taken at necropsies showed that the inhalation of oil shale dust over a long period (more than 20 years) may cause the development of occupational pneumoconiotic changes in oil shale miners. The pneumoconiotic process develops slowly and is characterized by changes typical of the interstitial form of pneumoconiotic fibrosis in the lungs...