Dermatology and stem cells

BACKGROUND: Injury to skin tissue is devastating for human health, making it imperative to devise strategies for hastening wound healing. Normal wound healing is a complex process comprising overlapping steps, including hemostasis, inflammatory response, proliferation, and matrix remodeling. This study investigated the effects of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-exos) on wound healing and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: In vitro hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-treated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines and in vivo animal wound models were established for this purpose...

BACKGROUND: Atrophic acne scarring is a common sequela of inflammatory acne, causing significant problems for affected patients. Although prolonged inflammation and subsequent aberrant tissue regeneration are considered the underlying pathogenesis, the role of epidermal stem cells, which are crucial to the regeneration of pilosebaceous units, remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the changes occurring in epidermal stem cells in atrophic acne scars. METHODS: Changes in collagen, elastic fibre and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression were analysed in normal skin and inflammatory acne lesions at days 1, 3 and 7 after development...

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most prevalent vascular tumor during infancy, characterized by a rapid proliferation phase of disorganized blood vessels and spontaneous involution. IH possibily arises from a special type of multipotent stem cells called hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), which could differentiate into endothelial cells, pericytes, and adipocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the cell fate determination of HemSCs remain elusive. Here, we unveil KLF2 as a candidate transcription factor involved in the control of HemSCs differentiation...

It has been recently established that laser treatment can be combined with topical or intralesional medications to enhance the delivery of drugs and improve overall results in a variety of different dermatological disorders. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of laser and energy-assisted drug delivery (LEADD) for the treatment of alopecia with a specific focus on ablative fractional lasers (AFL), non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFL), and radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN). A comprehensive PubMed search was performed in December 2022 for "laser-assisted drug delivery" as well as "laser" and "alopecia...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND /PURPOSE: Melasma and solar lentigo (SL) are major benign hyperpigmented lesions, and both have been shown to involve the dermal vasculature. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and SL, as well as the results of relevant molecular biological investigations. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 to identify articles related to melasma, SL, and the dermal vasculature in these lesions...

Solid abdominal organ transplantation is fraught with variable rates of rejection and graft versus host disease. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of an advanced extracellular vesicle (EV) investigational product (IP) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the transplant patient population. Seven separate eINDs were filed with the FDA for the emergency treatment of rejection of an isolated intestinal graft (n=2), liver allograft graft (n=2), modified multivisceral graft (n=3), and GVHD in isolated intestinal transplant patients (n=2)...

BACKGROUND: Mutant BRAF targeted therapies remain a standard of care for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM); however, high initial response rates are tempered by the persistence of residual MM cells that eventually lead to disease recurrence and mortality. As MM recurrence during targeted therapy can present with the simultaneous occurrence of multiple tumour nodules at the original body sites, we hypothesized the presence of an intrinsically resistant MM cell subpopulation...

BACKGROUND: Keloid represents a benign skin tumor with many cancer-like features. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) play a role in cell migration of multiple diseases. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the impact of hADSC-EVs on human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs). METHODS: hADSCs were cultured to the 3rd generation, and subsequently assessed for their osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiative abilities using flow cytometry, alizarin red, oil red O, and alcian blue staining techniques...

Human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) are regarded as potential alternatives to keratinocytes (KCs) used for skin wound healing. Light is an alternative approach for inducing stem cell differentiation. Opsins (OPNs), a family of light-sensitive, G protein-coupled receptors, play a multitude of light-dependent and light-independent functions in extraocular tissues. However, it remains unclear whether the light sensitivity and function of OPNs are involved in light-induced differentiation of hAESCs to KCs...

The study investigated the effectiveness of EDN1 and EDN3 cytokines in the differentiation of melanocytes from hESCs. The findings showed that 100 nM EDN1 was more effective in promoting hESC to CD117+/TYR+ melanoblasts compared to 100 nM EDN3. Additionally, maintaining melanoblasts is beneficial for preserving the ability to proliferate. The study found that 10 nM EDN1 helped maintain the proliferation of melanoblasts without over maturing them into melanocytes in the late stage of differentiation...

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in the periodic regeneration of hair follicles. HFSCs are also a good model for stem cell biology research. However, no stable mouse HFSC cell line has been reported, which restricts the research and application of HFSCs. We isolated HFSCs from mouse hair follicles and immortalized them by inducing a reversible SV40 large T antigen. Through monoclonal screening, we identified a reversibly immortalized cell line, immortalized HFSC (iHFSC2). RNA sequencing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression patterns of iHFSC2 and HFSC were similar at the protein and mRNA levels...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) are pivotal contributors to the development of human diseases. However, their significance in the context of diabetic wound healing regulated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs) remains unclear. This study sheds light on the involvement of lncCCKAR5 in this process. We found that hUCMSCs exposed to high glucose conditions exhibited a significant downregulation of lncCCKAR5 expression, and lncCCKAR5 played a critical role in modulating autophagy, thus inhibiting apoptosis in hUCMSCs...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Striae Distensae (SD) is a common dermatological lesion. The mechanism of formation is unclear, the prevailing theory is mechanical pulling of the skin and hormonal changes. Traditional SD treatment methods include topical drugs, photoelectric therapy, stripping and others, but each has limitations. Stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel) is a filler physically prepared from granular fat, enriched with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). A good effect in the treatment of neck lines, wounds, acne, and other aspects...

BACKGROUND: Norway spruce (Picea abies) resin-based products are used in human medicine. A resin-based otic rinse also could be useful in supportive care of canine otitis externa (COE), yet information on its antimicrobial effect against canine pathogens or ototoxicity is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the antimicrobial properties and ototoxicity of a commercial resin-based otic product. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial effect was evaluated using a standardised challenge test on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Corynebacterium auriscanis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Malassezia pachydermatis, and Streptococcus halichoeri strains to measure reduction in growth after 24 h exposure to the product...

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in cell fate specification, morphogenesis, and stem cell activation across diverse tissues, including the skin. In mammals, the embryonic surface epithelium gives rise to the epidermis, as well as the associated appendages including hair follicles and mammary glands, both of which depend on epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity for initiation of their development. Later on, Wnts are thought to enhance mammary gland growth and branching while in hair follicles, they are essential for hair shaft formation...

INTRODUCTION: Exosomes play a key role in cell communication and are involved in both pathological and physiological processes. Autophagy dysfunction and oxidative stress are linked to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Stem cell-derived exosomes exhibit immunomodulatory and antioxidant efficacy. METHODS: We aimed to investigate the impact of psoriasis serum-derived exosomes on inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in keratinocytes...