ACRC

The response of cancer patients to oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is difficult to predict. It has been reported that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) could induce AKT and ERK phosphorylation, and upregulate survivin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which could lead to oxaliplatin plus 5-FU resistance. A total of 71 patients with advanced CRC (aCRC) treated with oxaliplatin plus 5-FU were included in the present study. These patients comprised 46 chemotherapy responders and 25 non-responders...

Image processing has plays vital role in today's technological world. It can be applied in numerous application areas such as medical, remote sensing, computer vision etc. Brain tumor is caused due to formation of abnormal tissues within human brain. Therefore, it is necessary to remove affected tumor part from the brain securely. Among various medical imaging techniques Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) employs a vital role to generate images of internal parts of human body. Image segmentation is one of the challenging tasks in today's medical field...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in China and around the world. Advanced CRC (ACRC) patients suffer from a low cure rate though treated with targeted therapies. The response rate is about 50% to chemotherapy and cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for ACRC with wild-type KRAS. It is important to identify more predictors of cetuximab efficacy to further improve precise treatment...

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that obstruct essential DNA transactions and whose resolution is critical for cell and organismal fitness. However, the mechanisms by which cells respond to and overcome DPCs remain incompletely understood. Recent studies unveiled a dedicated DPC repair pathway in higher eukaryotes involving the SprT-type metalloprotease SPRTN/DVC1, which proteolytically processes DPCs during DNA replication in a ubiquitin-regulated manner. Here, we show that chemically induced and defined enzymatic DPCs trigger potent chromatin SUMOylation responses targeting the crosslinked proteins and associated factors...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) in response to methacholine challenge in asthma may reflect two components: airway narrowing, assessed by the change in FEV1 /forced vital capacity (FVC), and airway closure, assessed by the change in FVC. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree and determinants of airway closure in response to methacholine in a large group of asthmatic patients participating in studies conducted by the American Lung Association-Airways Clinical Research Centers (ALA-ACRC)...

PURPOSE: To establish three novel prognostic nomograms with inflammatory factors for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC), right-sided colon cancer (RSCC) and left-sided colorectal cancer (LSCRC) according to real world data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ACRC patients receiving medicine therapy from January 1st, 2005 to September 31th, 2015 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were enrolled. Inflammatory indicators such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed for establishing nomograms predicting overall survival (OS)...

Importance: Identifying and prioritizing unanswered clinical questions may help to best allocate limited resources for research associated with the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objective: To identify and prioritize clinical questions and outcomes for research associated with the treatment of AMD through engagement with professional and patient stakeholders. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multiple cross-sectional survey questions were used in a modified Delphi process for panel members of US and international organizations, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Retina/Vitreous Panel (n=7), health care professionals from the American Society of Retinal Specialists (ASRS) (n=90), Atlantic Coast Retina Conference (ACRC) and Macula 2017 meeting (n=34); and patients from MD (Macular Degeneration) Support (n=46)...

BACKGROUND: Inherited genetic variants may influence response to, and side-effects from, chemotherapy. We sought to generate a comprehensive inherited pharmacogenetic profile for oxaliplatin and 5FU/capecitabine therapy in advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). METHODS: We analysed more than 200 potentially functional, common, inherited variants in genes within the 5FU, capecitabine, oxaliplatin and DNA repair pathways, together with four rare dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) variants, in 2183 aCRC patients treated with oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy with, or without, cetuximab (from MRC COIN and COIN-B trials)...

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OBJECTIVES: Palliative chemotherapy's role is to prolong survival while minimizing treatment toxicities to preserve or improve quality of life. We have recently published a phase II trial of dose reduced capecitabine in older or frail patients with advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). We herein provide a robust analysis of the health related quality of life (HRQoL) data from our trial. METHODS: A single arm multi-centered phase II trial of dose reduced capecitabine (1500 or 2000 mg/m2  days one-fourteen q21 days) in older or frail patients...

Predictive biomarkers are eagerly awaited in advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). Targeted sequencing performed on tumor and baseline plasma samples in 20 patients with aCRC treated with regorafenib identified 89 tumor-specific mutations of which ≥50% are also present in baseline plasma. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays were optimized to monitor circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels in plasmatic samples collected throughout the treatment course and showed the importance of using the absolute value for ctDNA rather than the mutant/wild type ratio in monitoring the therapy outcome...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical indicators for the detection of advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital. This study included 333 patients older than 85 years who underwent colonoscopy from April 2006 to May 2010. The detection rate of ACRC was assessed. Then, we analyzed the association between the detection of ACRC and various background factors including mean corpuscular volume (MCV)...

AIMS: Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (CT) has been the standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) in the last decade. However, whether geriatric patients treated with this combination achieved more benefits or suffered severer toxicities than CT alone remained controversial. This meta-analysis was aimed to provide more convincing evidence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Randomized control trials (RCTs) and retrospective comparative studies on the comparison between bevacizumab plus CT and CT for geriatric ACRC patients were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Ovid until June 2016...

BACKGROUND: Combination chemotherapy is associated with improved outcomes in trials of selected fit patients with advanced colorectal cancer (acrc). For older or less-fit patients, combination chemotherapy is associated with greater toxicity and less benefit. Capecitabine monotherapy is a reasonable option for those patients, but the optimal dose remains controversial. METHODS: A multicentre phase i/ii trial of reduced-dose capecitabine (2000 mg/m(2), days 1-14 every 21 days) was conducted in 221 patients representing one or more of the following subsets: age greater than 65 years (n = 167), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ecog) performance status of 1 or greater (n = 139), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) (n = 105), or prior pelvic radiation (n = 54)...

BACKGROUND: Acarbose is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II and is produced by Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Although the biosynthesis of acarbose has been intensively studied, profound knowledge about transcription factors involved in acarbose biosynthesis and their binding sites has been missing until now. In contrast to acarbose biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces spp., the corresponding gene cluster of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 lacks genes for transcriptional regulators...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a frequently occurring malignant disease of the blood and may result from a variety of genetic disorders. The present study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms associated with the therapeutic effects of decitabine and cytarabine on AML, using microarray analysis. The microarray datasets GSE40442 and GSE40870 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated sites were identified in AML cells treated with decitabine compared with those treated with cytarabine via the Linear Models for Microarray Data package, following data pre‑processing...

BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) intracellular signalling pathways predict non-response to cetuximab in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). We hypothesised that common germline variants within these pathways may also play similar roles. METHODS: We analysed 54 potentially functional, common, inherited EGFR pathway variants in 815 patients with aCRC treated with oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy plus cetuximab...

Background: To improve strategies for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC) patients, we examined individual data from patients treated with chemotherapy alone in three randomised trials to identify points on the treatment pathway where outcomes differ from BRAF wild-types. Patients and methods: 2530 aCRC patients were assessed from three randomised trials. End-points were progression-free survival, response rate, disease control rate, post-progression survival (P-PS) and overall survival...

Purpose: Somatic mutation status at KRAS, BRAF , and NRAS is associated with prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC); however, it remains unclear whether there are intralocus, variant-specific differences in survival and other clinicopathologic parameters. Experimental Design: We profiled 2,157 aCRCs for somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF , and NRAS and determined microsatellite instability status. We sought inter- and intralocus correlations between mutations and variant-specific associations with survival and clinicopathology...

Importance: RAS wild-type (wt) status is necessary but not sufficient for response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents in advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). RNA expression of EGFR ligands epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG) may correlate with EGFR-targeted therapy efficacy in aCRC, so may represent a much-needed additional predictive marker for these drugs. Objective: To examine a novel ligand model in a randomized clinical trial of panitumumab, irinotecan, and ciclosporin in colorectal cancer (PICCOLO) with with the a priori hypothesis that high tumor expression of either AREG or EREG would predict panitumumab therapy benefit in RAS-wt patients; and low expression, lack of efficacy...