Adjuvant sunitinib

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare type of kidney tumor that has only recently been described, with less than eighty cases in the literature. This was only recognized as a specific entity in the World Health Organization 2004 classification of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). MTSCCs are polymorphic renal neoplasms characterized by small, elongated tubules lined by cuboidal cells with cords of spindled cells separated by pale mucinous stroma. We report the case of a 57 year old lady who had an incidental finding of a mass in her right kidney...

BACKGROUND: Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms arising near the carotid bifurcation with a reported incidence of 1 to 2 cases in 100,000 patients. Most CBTs are sporadic, benign, slow-growing, and non-secreting, but untreated CBTs can grow locally to compress the nearby blood vessels, esophagus, and airway. Regional metastases can occur in 5% to 10% of cases, but distant metastases are exceedingly rare, occurring in roughly 1-2% of cases. As such, the optimal treatment for metastatic CBTs is not well-defined...

A 63-year-old female patient underwent resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)at the age of 48 years. After surgery, she had adjuvant chemotherapy. She had been recurrence-free for 10 years. Two years after completion of medical therapy, local peritoneal recurrence of GIST was observed, and medical therapy with imatinib was restarted. The response was good, but 1 year after resumption of medical therapy, progression was observed, and imatinib resistance was suspected, and recurrent tumor resection was performed...

PURPOSE: Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Efforts to translate these therapies into the adjuvant setting for local and locoregional RCC have been pursued over the past decade. We sought to provide an updated review of the literature regarding adjuvant therapy in RCC, as well as an analysis of patient characteristics that may portend the most favorable responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, we reviewed articles between 2000 and 2022...

Locoregional, as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma, tends to relapse after nephrectomy or metastasectomy. Adjuvant therapy seems to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of recurrence. All anti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors except sunitinib have failed to show any benefit in the adjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced disease and an intermediate-to-high chance of recurrence. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are now used in the first-line in the metastatic setting, are being tested in the adjuvant setting...

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently the main treatment choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, the long-term use of TKIs can lead to drug resistance. There is no study or clinical report of combination therapies of TKIs that have been approved for marketing. Combination pharmacotherapy is a new approach for patients who do not respond to monotherapy. This case provides a reference value for selective combination of TKIs in treating advanced GIST...

Multigene assays can provide insight into key biological processes and prognostic information to guide development and selection of adjuvant cancer therapy. We report a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of tumor samples from 171 patients at high risk for recurrent renal cell carcinoma post nephrectomy from the S-TRAC trial (NCT00375674). We identify gene expression signatures, including STRAC11 (derived from the sunitinib-treated population). The overlap in key elements captured in these gene expression signatures, which include genes representative of the tumor stroma microenvironment, regulatory T cell, and myeloid cells, suggests they are likely to be both prognostic and predictive of the anti-angiogenic effect in the adjuvant setting...

PURPOSE: Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed intracranial neoplasms. Usually, they are treated by surgical resection in curative intent. Radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are commonly applied in the adjuvant setting in newly diagnosed atypical (CNS WHO grade 2), and anaplastic (CNS WHO grade 3) meningioma, especially if gross total resection is not feasible, and in recurrent cases. Conversely, the evidence for pharmacotherapy in meningioma is scarce. METHODS: The available literature of systemic treatment in meningioma was screened using PubMed, and ongoing clinical trials were explored using ClinicalTrials...

Angiogenesis inhibitor drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling to the endothelial cell (EC) are used to treat various cancer types. However, primary or secondary resistance to therapy is common. Clinical and pre-clinical studies suggest that alternative pro-angiogenic factors are upregulated after VEGF pathway inhibition. Therefore, identification of alternative pro-angiogenic pathway(s) is critical for the development of more effective anti-angiogenic therapy. Here we study the role of apelin as a pro-angiogenic G-protein-coupled receptor ligand in tumor growth and angiogenesis...

Antiangiogenic agents attenuate tumours' growth and metastases and are therefore beneficial as an adjuvant or standalone cancer regimen. Drugs with dual antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities can achieve anticancer efficacy and overcome acquired resistance. In this study, synthetic flavones ( 5a , b ) with reported anticancer activity, and derivatives ( 4b and 6a ), exhibited significant inhibition of endothelial cell tube formation (40-55%, 12 h) at 1 µM, which is comparable to sunitinib (50% inhibition at 1 µM, 48 h)...

Background: With the advances in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) research and the development of new immunotherapy drugs, the emergence of targeted drugs has greatly changed the diagnosis and treatment of GISTs and benefited more GIST patients. However, drug resistance has become increasingly challenging with the widespread application of targeted therapy in GIST patients. Based on the currently available evidence, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has approved sunitinib as a second-line therapy and regorafenib as a third-line therapy, and research and development of more molecularly-targeted drugs are underway...

The role of adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma is rapidly evolving. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved sunitinib and pembrolizumab in the adjuvant setting for renal cell carcinoma and nivolumab for urothelial carcinoma based on disease-free survival benefit. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration held a joint workshop with the National Cancer Institute and the Society of Urologic Oncology in 2017 to harmonize design elements, including eligibility and radiologic assessments across adjuvant trials in renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: To assess comparative effectiveness of adjuvant therapies for renal cell carcinoma and quantify the absolute benefit of adjuvant treatments by clinicopathological risk groups. METHODS: This 'living' review was conducted using Living Interactive Evidence (LIvE) synthesis framework. RESULTS: The 'living' results are available on an interactive website. This network meta-analysis, including six RCTs with 7525 participants, showed that pembrolizumab (rank 1) significantly improved disease-free survival and overall survival compared with sunitinib but not when compared to pazopanib, and axitinib...

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare condition due to the presence of gas within the bowel wall; it is mainly caused by endoscopic procedures, infections and other gastrointestinal diseases. Oncological therapies have been reported to be a cause of PI as well, but their role is not clearly defined. This systematic review investigates the concurrency of PI and antitumor therapy in cancer patients, considering both solid tumors and onco-hematological ones. We performed a literature review of PubMed, Embase and the Web of Science up to September 2021 according to the PRISMA guidelines...

Background: The aim of this systematic evaluation and meta-analysis was to analyze the efficacy and adverse effects of adjuvant targeted therapy regimens in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Studies eligible for the efficacy of adjuvant targeted therapy regimens in advanced or metastatic RCC published before December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Trials Database (CENTRAL), and Web of Science were searched for (1) patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who received adjuvant postoperative targeted therapy versus those not receiving active treatment; (2) primary endpoint outcomes of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs); and (3) design: randomized controlled trial (RCT) as inclusion criteria...

Background: The role of ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. Methods: The association of iron metabolism and ferroptosis-related genes with the prognosis, copy number variation (CNV), TMB, and immune cell infiltration of ESCC was explored using data from the GEO and TCGA database and validated by immunofluorescence in 112 ESCC patients from our center. The potential anti-cancer drugs and compounds from the GDSC and the Connectivity Map database were also screened. Results: A total of 117 iron metabolism and ferroptosis-related genes were identified...

Gastrointestinal Stromal Sarcomas (GIST) are mesenchymal neoplasms whose incidence accounts for 1-2% of digestive tumors, being located in the stomach (55-60%) and small intestine (30%). The advances in its knowledge and management succeeded in the last years have being spectacular. This review aims to summarize the most important of them for surgeons. We identified four areas of interest: molecular oncology, laparoscopic approach, management of GIST located at unusual locations, and management of advanced GIST...

OBJECTIVE: To assess accuracy of University of California Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS), Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN) score, Leibovich score and GRade, Age, Nodes and Tumor (GRANT) score, the ASSURE (Adjuvant Sunitinib or Sorafenib vs. placebo in resected Unfavorable REnal cell carcinoma) score models and seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/TNM staging system in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) in surgically-treated non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients...

Long-term cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy are becoming ever more prevalent due to increased numbers of cancer survivors. Cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CTIC) is an incompletely understood consequence of various chemotherapies, targeted anti-cancer agents and radiation therapy. It is typically detected clinically by a reduction in cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction, assessed by echocardiography. However, once cardiac functional decline is apparent, this indicates irreversible cardiac damage, highlighting a need for the development of diagnostics which can detect CTIC prior to the onset of functional decline...

BACKGROUND: The majority of gastroinstestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) harbour oncogenic mutations in the gene encoding for the tyrosine kinase (TK) KIT. The most common mutations are found in exon 11, followed by mutations in exon 9. The latter mutations are associated more frequently with GISTs in extra-gastric locations and with a more aggressive clinical behaviour. SUMMARY: Here, we review the unique and often poorly recognized molecular, biological, and clinical characteristics that differentiate KIT exon 9-mutant GISTs from other GIST subtypes...