aorta ultrasound

UNLABELLED: Aortic mural thrombus (AMT) in the absence of aneurysm or atherosclerosis is a rare clinical finding and an uncommon cause of peripheral arterial embolization. AMT in a normal artery is usually attributed to systemic hypercoagulability. We describe a case of subacute lower limb ischemia due to AMT associated with active ulcerative colitis (UC). A 46-year-old man with active UC was referred to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of left leg pain. Ultrasound and contrast computed tomography showed occlusion of the left popliteal artery, and an AMT in the abdominal aorta between the inferior mesenteric artery and the aortic bifurcation...

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) may be useful in treating exsanguinating trauma patients. This study seeks to compare rates of success, complications and time required for vascular access between ultrasound-guidance and surgical cut-down for femoral sheath insertion as a prospective observational case control study. Participating clinicians from either trauma surgery or anesthesiology were allocated to surgical cut-down or percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture on a 1:1 ratio...

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect and a leading cause of infant mortality, emphasizing the crucial need for its early diagnosis. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for prenatal CHD screening. As a complement to the four-chamber view, the three-vessel view (3VV) plays a vital role in detecting anomalies in the great vessels. However, the interpretation of fetal cardiac ultrasound images is subjective and relies heavily on operator experience, leading to variability in CHD detection rates, particularly in resource-constrained regions...

Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare; only a few cases having been reported. Here, we report laparoscopic removal of an asymptomatic retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy from a 29-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for a suspected ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound did not reveal a gestational sac in the uterus or pelvic cavity. However, abdominal contrast-enhanced computer tomography showed a gestational sac between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. On laparoscopy, the gestational sac was confirmed to be in this retroperitoneal location and successfully removed with minimal bleeding...

We report a rare case of jaw claudication following fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair for a saccular aortic arch aneurysm. The brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was preserved with fenestration and intentionally half covered. Although discharged without any complications 2 weeks after the procedure, the patient subsequently experienced right mandibular fatigue at mealtime and hypotension in the right upper extremity. Angiography revealed a flap-like structure in the BCA orifice, with a 100-mm Hg pressure gradient between the aorta and BCA...

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are rupture-prone dilatations of the aorta. In current clinical practice, the maximal diameter of AAAs is monitored with 2D ultrasound to estimate their rupture risk. Recent studies have shown that 3-dimensional and mechanical AAA parameters might be better predictors for aneurysm growth and rupture than the diameter. These parameters can be obtained with time-resolved 3D ultrasound (3D+t US), which requires robust and automatic segmentation of AAAs from 3D+t US. This study proposes and validates a deep learning (DL) approach for automatic segmentation of AAAs...

BACKGROUND: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has initiated a change in medical education and the development of new teaching concepts has become inevitable to maintain adequate training. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aims to compare teledidactic teaching with traditional face-to-face teaching for abdominal, thoracic, and thyroid ultrasound. DESIGN: Concurrently, a teledidactic and a face-to-face ultrasound course were held. The students completed seven 90-min modules using mobile ultrasound probes (Butterfly IQ)...

The elephant trunk procedure, an endovascular strategy for retrograde type A acute aortic dissection, is associated with several complications, hemolytic anemia being a rare one. We performed endovascular stent-graft insertion in a patient who developed hemolytic anemia. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) detected turbulent jet flow and stenosis position, which was not detected by angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). This imaging technique proved effective for malperfusion diagnosis and enabled us to confirm its resolution after the endovascular procedure...

Introduction: In this paper we introduce in vivo multi-aperture ultrasound imaging and elastography of the abdominal aorta. Monitoring of the geometry and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is paramount for risk stratification and intervention planning. However, such an assessment is limited by the lateral lumen-wall contrast and resolution of conventional ultrasound. Here, an in vivo dual-aperture bistatic imaging approach is shown to improve abdominal ultrasound and strain imaging quality significantly...

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have demonstrated the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Portable, handheld devices have expanded the clinical scope of POCUS at a fraction of the cost of traditional, cart-based models. There is a paucity of data assessing the diagnostic accuracy of portable devices. Our objective in this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a portable device with a cart-based model. METHODS: This was an institutional review board-approved, observational, prospective, randomized clinical trial (NCT05196776) of a convenience sample of adult patients who presented to a university-based health system...

PURPOSE: Using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an essential skill in emergency medicine (EM). While simulation-based POCUS education is commonly used, the translation to performance in the emergency department (ED) is unknown. We investigated whether adding case-based simulation to an EM residency curriculum was associated with changes in the quantity and quality of aorta POCUS performed by residents in the ED. METHODS: A case-based simulation was introduced to resident didactics at our academic, Level I trauma center...

OBJECTIVE: Endovascular repair of chronic dissecting aortoiliac aneurysms is challenging given the rigid septum, compressed true lumen (TL), and target vessels frequently originating in the false lumen. We have used transcatheter electrosurgical aortic septotomy (TEAS) before stent graft implantation under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fusion guidance. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of TEAS during complex endovascular repair of dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: From 2021 to 2023, 17 patients underwent TEAS...

OBJECTIVE: The measurement of the right and left axillary arteries and aortic arch and their vessels by multi-row spiral CT angiography provides the basis for clinical catheter selection and depth for axillary artery placement. This study reported the clinical experience of 7 patients who successfully underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous axillary artery cannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). METHODS: Patients who had CT angiography of the thoracic aorta at our institution between January 2020 and March 2022 were assessed for eligibility and included...

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects in the world. It is the leading cause of infant mortality, necessitating an early diagnosis for timely intervention. Prenatal screening using ultrasound is the primary method for CHD detection. However, its effectiveness is heavily reliant on the expertise of physicians, leading to subjective interpretations and potential underdiagnosis. Therefore, a method for automatic analysis of fetal cardiac ultrasound images is highly desired to assist an objective and effective CHD diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE: There is mounting evidence indicating that atherosclerosis represents a persistent inflammatory process, characterized by the presence of inflammation at various stages of the disease. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) precisely triggers inflammatory signaling pathways by binding to interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1). Inhibition of this signaling pathway contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The objective of this research is to develop therapeutic vaccines targeting IL-1R1 as a preventive measure against atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction...

Aortic pathologies encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders, including acute aortic syndrome, traumatic aortic injury , aneurysm, aortitis, and atherosclerosis. The clinical manifestations of these disorders can be varied and non-specific, ranging from acute presentations in the emergency department to chronic incidental findings in an outpatient setting. Given the non-specific nature of their clinical presentations, the reliance on non-invasive imaging for screening, definitive diagnosis, therapeutic strategy planning, and post-intervention surveillance has become paramount...

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and development of animals produced from demi-embryos and compare them with whole embryos from fetus to adult life. To achieve this, calves produced from fresh demi-embryos and whole embryos were individually transferred and monitored from 60 days of pregnancy until slaughter at 550 days. Ultrasound scans were conducted on fetuses at 60 and 90 days to evaluate the biparietal, abdominal, umbilical cord, orbital, and aorta diameters. Subsequently, morphological traits of newborn calves were measured at 0, 7, and 21 days (N = 18)...

BACKGROUND: Intravascular lithotripsy has proven to be safe, less invasive, and effective for coronary and peripheral arteries, and the indication has been extended to the aortic district but there is still little evidence in the literature as only a few cases have been described so far. METHOD: We report a case of intravascular lithotripsy of the infrarenal aorta due to coral reef, chronic occlusion using a single Shockwave M5 + balloon, followed by a covered stent deployment...

Background : Takayasu's arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis with severe complications like stroke, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, secondary hypertension, and aneurysms. Diagnosis is achieved using clinical and angiographic criteria. Treatment is medical and surgical, but unfortunately, the outcome is limited. Case presentation : A 34-year-old Caucasian woman had an ischemic stroke (2009). She was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis and received treatment with methotrexate, prednisolone, and antiplatelet agents, with a mild improvement in clinical state...

BACKGROUND: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease primarily affecting large vessels, particularly the aorta and its branches. Skin manifestations have been documented in association with TA. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by destructive, necrotizing, and painful ulcers, predominantly found on the lower extremities. The coexistence of PG and TA is extremely rare, with most reported cases involving adult patients...