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Keywords Optical neuritis causes and fe...

Optical neuritis causes and features

https://read.qxmd.com/read/35864917/seropositive-neuromyelitis-optica-in-a-case-of-undiagnosed-ankylosing-spondylitis-a-neuro-rheumatological-conundrum
#21
Ritwik Ghosh Md, Devlina Roy, Moisés León-Ruiz, Shambaditya Das, Souvik Dubey, Julián Benito-León
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy against foot processes of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. Patients with NMOSD tend to have other coexisting autoimmune/connective tissue diseases. However, AQP-4-antibody-positive NMOSD coexisting with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare. AS is an immune-mediated disorder, a subset of axial spondyloarthropathies, which commonly manifests as chronic inflammatory back pain in young people, and it has a strong association with HLA-B27...
2022: Qatar Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35668534/clinical-and-genetic-spectrum-of-14-cases-of-nlrp3-associated-autoinflammatory-disease-nlrp3-aid-in-china-and-a-review-of-the-literature
#22
REVIEW
Yu Zhou, Wei Wang, Linqing Zhong, Lin Wang, Mingsheng Ma, Xiaoyan Tang, Zhuo Li, Changyan Wang, Lijuan Gou, Tiannan Zhang, Hongmei Song
BACKGROUND: NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID), caused by mutations of NLRP3, is one of the autoinflammatory diseases affecting inflammasomes. Since there are little cases of Chinese NLRP3-AID, we reported 14 Chinese NLRP3-AID patients in our center and summarized the clinical features of all Chinese patients by reviewing the literature. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had been diagnosed as NLRP3-AID in our center. 12 different NLRP3 variants were identified, among which one is novel: p...
June 6, 2022: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35501141/optic-neuritis-with-potential-for-poor-outcome
#23
REVIEW
Sarah A Cooper, Sara Geraldine Leddy, Nicholas Tom Skipper, Victoria J M Barrett, Gordon T Plant
The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial previously reported that corticosteroids accelerated visual recovery in optic neuritis (ON) without improving outcome. This finding related largely to multiple sclerosis (MS), and subsequently neurologists tended to await spontaneous recovery in ON. Since then, non-MS cases of ON have been identified with antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). These disorders can closely mimic multiple sclerosis-associated or idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (MS/IDON) initially but risk a worse visual outcome...
June 2022: Practical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35495020/clinical-profile-of-optic-neuritis-in-malaysian-patients-older-than-45-years-of-age
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Hudzaifah-Nordin, Chin Feng Wendy-Ong, Masnon Nurul-Ain, Wan-Hazabbah Wan Hitam
Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is a blinding inflammatory disease of the optic nerve, typically affecting young adults as described in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT). However, there is limited information describing ON in patients older than 45 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile of ON in this age group in Malaysia. Methods A retrospective case series study was performed between January 2014 and December 2018 among patients older than 45 years old, treated as ON in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia...
March 2022: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35401423/serum-and-cerebrospinal-fluid-biomarkers-in-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-and-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-associated-disease
#25
REVIEW
Alessandro Dinoto, Elia Sechi, Eoin P Flanagan, Sergio Ferrari, Paolo Solla, Sara Mariotto, John J Chen
The term neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) describes a group of clinical-MRI syndromes characterized by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, brainstem dysfunction and/or, less commonly, encephalopathy. About 80% of patients harbor antibodies directed against the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), expressed on astrocytes, which was found to be both a biomarker and a pathogenic cause of NMOSD. More recently, antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG), have been found to be a biomarker of a different entity, termed MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), which has overlapping, but different pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis when compared to AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD...
2022: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35359522/neurological-facets-of-scrub-typhus-a-comprehensive-narrative-review
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Divyani Garg, Abi Manesh
Scrub typhus is one of the most frequent causes of acute febrile illness in South and South-east Asian countries. Neurological features accompany 20% of scrub typhus infections, and may affect the central or peripheral nervous system, and sometime, may even occur in combination. Of late, its recognition among clinicians has increased with widening detection of its cutaneous hallmark, called eschar. Multiple mechanisms underlie neurological involvement, including direct invasion (meningitis, encephalitis), vasculitis (myositis) or immune-mediated mechanisms (opsoclonus, myoclonus, optic neuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome)...
2021: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35063909/clinical-analysis-of-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-demyelination-in-children-a-single-center-cohort-study-in-china
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Wang, Ruibin Zhao, Huafang Yang, Chong Liu, Weiyi Wang, Tian Liu, Cui Lu, Didi Chen
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs) are detected at a high rate in childhood of acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS), but the spectrum and characteristics of MOG-Abs-associated disorders (MOGAD) in children are to be determined. This study aimed to identify clinical features in Chinese children with MOGAD. METHODS: Of 48 children in whom MOGAD were diagnosed in our hospital, we analyzed the manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging characteristics, autoimmune antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and response to treatment...
February 2022: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34934377/neuro-ophthalmological-optic-nerve-cupping-an-overview
#28
REVIEW
Ethan Waisberg, Jonathan A Micieli
Optic nerve cupping or enlargement of the cup-to-disc ratio is widely recognized as a feature of glaucoma, however it may also occur in non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies. The most well-recognized non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies that cause cupping include compressive optic neuropathies, arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathies, hereditary optic neuropathies, and optic neuritis. Cupping is thought to consist of two main components: prelaminar and laminar thinning. The former is a shallow form of cupping and related to loss of retinal ganglion cells, whereas the latter involves damage to the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary scleral connective tissue...
2021: Eye and Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34772517/neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-with-hyponatremia-as-an-initial-presentation-a-case-report
#29
Siqi Yang, Juan Tian, Hui Huang, Zhe Yan
The diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is easily missed or delayed because of its multiple clinical features, especially at initial presentation. Hyponatremia is an infrequent complication of NMOSD and can present as an initial sign. Hyponatremia in a patient with NMOSD might be caused by autoimmune-related antibodies that attack the hypothalamus, causing inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Awareness of this pathophysiologic mechanism will help clinicians in the early diagnosis of NMOSD...
November 9, 2021: Clinical Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34711650/astrocytic-outer-retinal-layer-thinning-is-not-a-feature-in-aqp4-igg-seropositive-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorders
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angelo Lu, Hanna G Zimmermann, Svenja Specovius, Seyedamirhosein Motamedi, Claudia Chien, Charlotte Bereuter, Marco A Lana-Peixoto, Mariana Andrade Fontenelle, Fereshteh Ashtari, Rahele Kafieh, Alireza Dehghani, Mohsen Pourazizi, Lekha Pandit, Anitha D'Cunha, Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Su-Kyung Jung, Letizia Leocani, Marco Pisa, Marta Radaelli, Sasitorn Siritho, Eugene F May, Caryl Tongco, Jérôme De Sèze, Thomas Senger, Jacqueline Palace, Adriana Roca-Fernández, Maria Isabel Leite, Srilakshmi M Sharma, Hadas Stiebel-Kalish, Nasrin Asgari, Kerstin Kathrine Soelberg, Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina, Joachim Havla, Yang Mao-Draayer, Zoe Rimler, Allyson Reid, Romain Marignier, Alvaro Cobo-Calvo, Ayse Altintas, Uygur Tanriverdi, Rengin Yildirim, Orhan Aktas, Marius Ringelstein, Philipp Albrecht, Ivan Maynart Tavares, Denis Bernardi Bichuetti, Anu Jacob, Saif Huda, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Axel Petzold, Ari J Green, Michael R Yeaman, Terry J Smith, Lawrence Cook, Friedemann Paul, Alexander U Brandt, Frederike Cosima Oertel
BACKGROUND: Patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) frequently suffer from optic neuritis (ON) leading to severe retinal neuroaxonal damage. Further, the relationship of this retinal damage to a primary astrocytopathy in NMOSD is uncertain. Primary astrocytopathy has been suggested to cause ON-independent retinal damage and contribute to changes particularly in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL), as reported in some earlier studies...
February 2022: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34540412/unilateral-acute-idiopathic-optic-neuritis-with-superior-altitudinal-visual-field-defect-as-a-presenting-feature
#31
Ali Anwar Abro, Aysha Falamarzi, Mohamed Yusuf Shaikh
Patients with acute optic neuritis typically present with acute loss of vision. We describe a case of a young lady of 25 years of age with blurring of vision in the upper visual field of the right eye with otherwise intact visual acuity as the only presenting symptom. Although altitudinal visual field defect is not unknown to be associated with acute optic neuritis, it is generally considered a relatively uncommon occurrence. Our case illustrates an unusually unique occurrence of upper altitudinal visual field defect in association with unaffected visual acuity as the sole presenting symptom of acute idiopathic unilateral optic neuritis...
August 2021: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34345139/working-up-a-child-with-demyelinating-optic-neuritis-striking-a-balance
#32
REVIEW
Virender Sachdeva, Ramesh Kekunnaya
Pediatric optic neuritis (PON) is one of the commonest causes of acute vision loss in children. Although it might often be postinfectious or postvaccination, recent understanding and available evidence suggest that it can be the first manifestation of a neuro-inflammatory syndrome such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated optic neuritis. Therefore, neuroimaging, serological testing, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, testing for various systemic autoimmune conditions become a part of the workup...
May 2021: Oman Journal of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34321330/bilateral-optic-neuritis-as-a-first-presentation-of-lymph-node-tuberculosis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashvini Keshavan, Lisa McAnena, James F Acheson, Helen Booth, Gordon T Plant, Zhaleh Khaleeli
Tuberculosis (TB) may affect the nervous system in many ways. We describe an immunocompetent teenage girl with lymph node TB who had first presented with bilateral optic neuritis. Detailed history identified features inconsistent with immune-mediated optic neuritis. Several unusual features prompted further investigation, including transient visual obscurations without raised intracranial pressure, prominent disc swelling and absence of laboratory findings to support an immune-mediated cause. Whole body PET/MR imaging identified widespread mediastinal and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy...
February 2022: Practical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34229204/aseptic-meningitis-and-leptomeningeal-enhancement-associated-with-anti-mog-antibodies-a-review
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Y Gombolay, Judith A Gadde
BACKGROUND: Aseptic meningitis can be caused by autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and sarcoidosis. Aseptic meningitis with leptomeningeal enhancement can be the initial presentation of a neuroinflammatory syndrome associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-abs). MOG-abs is a serum biomarker for MOG-associated disorder (MOG-AD), an acquired demyelinating syndrome that includes features of neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis...
September 15, 2021: Journal of Neuroimmunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34166585/sarcoidosis-and-neuromyelitis-optica-in-a-patient-with-optic-neuritis-a-case-report
#35
Michael A Foster, Sara Collorone, Jacqueline Palace, James Acheson, Ahmed T Toosy
We present a case of atypical recurrent optic neuritis. A man in his 50s presented with right optic neuritis and profound visual loss, associated with elevated inflammatory markers. Lymph-node biopsy was consistent with sarcoidosis. Aquaporin-4 antibodies were also present. Three months following corticosteroid treatment, his right optic neuritis relapsed, again with raised inflammatory markers. He was started on azathioprine and prednisolone with good effect. A dual diagnosis of sarcoidosis and neuromyelitis optica with aquaporin-4 antibodies is very rare...
August 2021: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34097296/comparative-study-of-aqp4-nmosd-mogad-and-seronegative-nmosd-a-single-center-belgian-cohort
#36
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Solène Dauby, Dominique Dive, Laurence Lutteri, Cécile Andris, Isabelle Hansen, Pierre Maquet, Emilie Lommers
PURPOSE: To emphasize physio-pathological, clinical and prognosis differences between conditions causing serious and sometimes very similar clinical manifestations: anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies related diseases, and seronegative NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders). METHODS: Based on Wingerchuk et al. (Neurology 85:177-189, 2015) criteria for NMOSD and on those more recently proposed by Jarius et al...
February 2022: Acta Neurologica Belgica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34087931/macular-xanthophylls-and-markers-of-the-anterior-visual-pathway-among-persons-with-multiple-sclerosis
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Cerna, Nikta S Athari Anaraki, Connor M Robbs, Brynn C Adamson, Isabel R Flemming, John W Erdman, Leanne T Labriola, Robert W Motl, Naiman A Khan
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause retinal thinning among persons with MS with optic neuritis (MS-ON). Macular xanthophylls are carotenoids that comprise the macular pigment, filtering blue light and countering photo-oxidation. However, macular xanthophyll status and its implications for markers of neuroaxonal degeneration have not been examined in MS. OBJECTIVES: This study characterized differences in macular and serum xanthophylls, and retinal morphometry [retinal nerve fiber layer thickness at the macular (mRNFL) and optic disc (odRNFL) and total macular volume (TMV)] in individuals with MS and healthy controls (HC)...
September 4, 2021: Journal of Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33884229/longitudinally-extensive-transverse-myelitis-a-retrospective-study-differentiating-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-from-other-etiologies
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sunanda Paudel, Gaurav Nepal, Sandesh Guragain, Sangam Shah, Basanta S Paudel, Rajeev Ojha, Reema Rajbhandari, Ragesh Karn, Bikram P Gajurel, Sunanda Paudel
Background Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by contiguous immune-mediated inflammatory lesion of the spinal cord extending more than three vertebral segments. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is the most common and important cause of LETM. This study aims to evaluate the demographic profile, clinical presentations, neuroimaging features, laboratory parameters, and etiologies of LETM and differentiates NMOSD from other etiologies of LETM. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal...
March 18, 2021: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33832689/the-role-of-optical-coherence-tomography-in-the-diagnosis-of-afferent-visual-pathway-problems-a-neuroophthalmic-perspective
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fiona Costello, John J Chen
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive ocular imaging technique that has become a standard tool in neuroophthalmic practice. Specifically, OCT captures retinal manifestations of neuroaxonal injury caused by lesions along anterior and posterior regions of the afferent visual pathway, in patients presenting with vision loss. More recently, the advent of OCT angiography (OCTA) has enabled evaluation of the choroidal and retinal microvasculature, thus informing our understanding regarding vascular mechanisms associated with optic nerve and retinal injuries...
2021: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33595463/covid-19-and-eye-a-review-of-ophthalmic-manifestations-of-covid-19
#40
REVIEW
Mrittika Sen, Santosh G Honavar, Namrata Sharma, Mahipal S Sachdev
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had health implications of unprecedented magnitude. The infection can range from asymptomatic, mild to life threatening respiratory distress. It can affect almost every organ of the body. Ophthalmologists world over are reporting various manifestations of the infection in the eye. This review was undertaken to help ophthalmologists recognize the possible manifestations and the stage of the viral disease when they commonly appear...
March 2021: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
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