chemical medication

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this investigation was to identify the main compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Gong Ying San (GYS), by infrared spectral absorption characteristics, metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular-docking analysis for mastitis. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined in vitro. METHODS: The chemical constituents of GYS were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS)...

IMPORTANCE: With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), concerns about their pregnancy outcomes through maternal exposure have emerged, and clinical comparative data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of pregnancy-, fetal-, and/or newborn-related adverse outcomes associated with exposure to ICIs compared with exposure to other anticancer agents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study, all reports mentioning a pregnancy-related condition and an antineoplastic agent (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification group L01) used for a cancer indication registered in the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase up to June 26, 2022, were extracted...

The versatile potential of bacteriophage MS2-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) in medical biotechnology has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. Since the first reports showing that MS2 VLPs can be produced at high yield and relatively easily engineered, numerous applications have been proposed. Particular effort has been spent in developing MS2 VLPs as protective capsules and delivery platforms for diverse molecules, such as chemical compounds, proteins and nucleic acids. Among these, two are particularly noteworthy: as scaffolds displaying heterologous epitopes for vaccine development and as capsids for encapsulation of foreign RNA...

Background and objectives: As microbes are developing resistance to antibiotics, natural, botanical drugs or traditional herbal medicine are presently being studied with an eye of great curiosity and hope. Hence, complementary and alternative treatments for uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) are explored for their efficacy. Therefore, this study determined the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Sesamum indicum Linn seeds with Rosa damascena Mill Oil in uPID with standard control. Additionally, we analyzed the data with machine learning...

BACKGROUND: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a complex condition with both mechanical and chemical effects, resulting in mortality rates of 50-80%. Recent reports advocate for neuroendoscopic treatment, particularly endoscopic brainwashing (EBW), but long-term functional outcomes remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to outline the step-by-step procedure of EBW as applied in our institution, providing results and comparing them with those of external ventricular drainage (EVD) alone...

All areas of the modern society are affected by fluorine chemistry. In particular, fluorine plays an important role in medical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical sciences. Amongst various fluoro-organic compounds, trifluoromethyl (CF3 ) group is valuable in applications such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and industrial chemicals. In the present study, following the strict OECD modelling principles, a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) modelling for the rat acute oral toxicity of trifluoromethyl compounds (TFMs) was established by genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) approach...

INTRODUCTION: Methemoglobinemia, characterized by the conversion of functional hemoglobin to methemoglobin, can significantly impede tissue oxygenation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia are critical to optimizing clinical outcomes. Although the underlying etiology of methemoglobinemia is often attributed to a medication reaction or chemical exposure, its association with battlefield trauma remains underexplored. This case series explores the presence of methemoglobinemia in nine soldiers evacuated from tanks targeted by explosives, shedding new light on screening needs and treatment strategies...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of medication-treated diabetes mellitus and the evolving patterns of glucose-lowering treatments, the year before and, during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data from the Greek electronic prescription database were analyzed for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. The study population included individuals with active social security numbers. Prevalence and incidence rates were calculated based on the dispensing of glucose-lowering medications, according to their unique ATC (anatomical therapeutic chemical) code...

Probing protein-membrane interactions is vital for understanding biological functionality for various applications such as drug development, targeted drug delivery, and creation of functional biomaterials for medical and industrial purposes. In this study, we have investigated interaction of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) with two different lipids, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (dDPPG) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dDPPC), using Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation spectroscopy at different membrane fluidity values...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system and is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in its advanced stages. Sunitinib is recommended as a first-line target drug for unresectable and metastatic RCC by targeting tyrosine kinase-related signaling pathways, but its therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Recently, nanomaterials have shown great prospects in the medical field because of their unique physicochemical properties. Particularly, liposomes are considered as ideal drug delivery systems due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ideal drug-loading efficiency...

Chemical tools and principles have become central to biological and medical research/applications by leveraging a range of classical organic chemistry reactions. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation are arguably some of the most well-known and used synthetic methods for the preparation of small molecules but their use in biological and medical fields is relatively less frequent than the other reactions, possibly owing to the notion of their plausible incompatibility with biological systems. This review demonstrates advances in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions in a variety of biomolecular chemistry fields...

OBJECTIVES: Ranunculus L. genus contains 413 species, and it is the biggest genus in the family Ranunculaceae Juss. This review is to provide botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations of the genus Ranunculus. KEY FINDINGS: The genus Ranunculus contains flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, lactones, glycosides, sterols, polysaccharides, and trace elements. These chemical constituents complement the pharmacological actions and work together to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitubercular, antibacterial, antimalarial, etc...

Literature reported drug poisoning as a major cause for visiting emergency departments, with various rates of occurrences across countries, regions, socioeconomic status, and cultures. Therefore, this study was conducted in Qassim to describe the sociodemographic patterns of acute drug poisoning as well as the most common drugs involved. A retrospective method of data collection was used employing medical record review for drug poisoning cases that occurred in the Qassim region during the 8 years from January 2008 to December 2015...

Gas embolism is a medical condition that occurs when gas bubbles are present in veins or arteries, decreasing blood flow and potentially reducing oxygen delivery to vital organs, such as the brain. Although usually reported as rare, gas embolism can lead to severe neurological damage or death. However, presently, only limited understanding exists regarding the microscale processes leading to the formation, persistence, movement, and resolution of gas emboli, as modulated by microvasculature geometrical features and blood properties...

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light of this crisis, this study aims to analyze the global knowledge pattern of monkeypox-related patents and explore current trends and future technical directions in the medical development of monkeypox to inform research and policy. METHODS: A comprehensive study of 1,791 monkeypox-related patents worldwide was conducted using the Derwent patent database by descriptive statistics, social network method and linear regression analysis...

Parabens have historically served as antimicrobial preservatives in a range of consumables such as food, beverages, medications, and personal care products due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. Traditionally, these compounds were believed to exhibit low toxicity, causing minimal irritation, and possessing limited sensitization potential. However, recent evidence suggests that parabens might function as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Consequently, extensive research is underway to elucidate potential human health implications arising from exposure to these substances...

A revolution in chemical biology occurred with the introduction of click chemistry. Click chemistry plays an important role in protein chemistry modifications, providing specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-handle methods. Under physiological conditions, click chemistry often overlaps with bioorthogonal chemistry, defined as reactions that occur rapidly and selectively without interfering with biological processes. Click chemistry is used for the posttranslational modification of proteins based on covalent bond formations...

Sustainability of a medical device has not yet become a major issue in public discussions compared to other topics with impact to material performance, clinical application, production economy and environmental pollution. Due to their unique properties, polymers (plastics) allow for multiple, flexible applications in medical device technology. Polymers are part of the majority of disposable and single use medical device and contribute with 3% to the worldwide production of plastics. The global medical polymer market size was valued 19...

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and proliferate which gives them healing properties in various tissues. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) is a chemical compound with harmful effects on health; oxidative stress caused by Aluminium has been reported previously. Crocin, a major component of Crocus sativus (saffron), has antioxidant properties and has shown therapeutic potential. Researchers have been looking for ways to reduce the harmful effects of AlCl3 ...

The suitability of biocarbons derived from blackberry seeds as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries has been assessed for the first time. Blackberry seeds have antibacterial, anticancer, antidysentery, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, and potent antioxidant properties and are generally used for herbal medical purposes. Carbon is extracted from blackberries using a straightforward carbonization technique and activated with KOH at temperatures 700, 800, and 900 °C. The physical characterization demonstrates that activated blackberry seeds-derived carbon at 900 °C (ABBSC-900 °C) have well-ordered graphene sheets with high defects compared to the ABBSC-700 °C and ABBSC-800 °C...