keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38008755/vitamin-d-modulation-of-brain-gut-virome-disorder-caused-by-polystyrene-nanoplastics-exposure-in-zebrafish-danio-rerio
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miaomiao Teng, Yunxia Li, Xiaoli Zhao, Jason C White, Lihui Zhao, Jiaqi Sun, Wentao Zhu, Fengchang Wu
BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated how nanoplastics (NPs) exposure mediates nerve and intestinal toxicity through a dysregulated brain-gut axis interaction, but there are few studies aimed at alleviating those effects. To determine whether and how vitamin D can impact that toxicity, fish were supplemented with a vitamin D-low diet and vitamin D-high diet. RESULTS: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) accumulated in zebrafish brain and intestine, resulting in brain blood-brain barrier basement membrane damage and the vacuolization of intestinal goblet cells and mitochondria...
November 27, 2023: Microbiome
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38002194/effect-of-2-fucosyllactose-on-beige-adipocyte-formation-in-3t3-l1-adipocytes-and-c3h10t1-2-cells
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siru Chen, Yankun Fu, Tianlin Wang, Zhenglin Chen, Peijun Zhao, Xianqing Huang, Mingwu Qiao, Tiange Li, Lianjun Song
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the functional oligosaccharide naturally present in milk, has been shown to exert health benefits. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on the browning of white adipose tissue in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C3H10T1/2 cells. The results revealed that 2'-FL decreased lipid accumulations with reduced intracellular triglyceride contents in vitro. 2'-FL intervention increased the mitochondria density and the proportion of UCP1-positive cells. The mRNA expressions of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related and browning markers ( Cox7a , Cyto C , Tfam , Ucp1 , Pgc1α , Prdm16 , Cidea , Elovl3 , Pparα , CD137, and Tmem26 ) were increased after 2'-FL intervention to some extent...
November 15, 2023: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37994971/circ-agtpbp1-promotes-white-matter-injury-through-mir-140-3p-pcdh17-axis-role-of-circ-agtpbp1-in-white-matter-injury
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhaokui Zhu, Sisi Mo, Xinyu Wang, Meng Meng, Lixing Qiao
White matter injury (WMI) resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is closely associated with adverse prognoses in ICH patients. Although Circ-AGTPBP1 has been reported to exhibit high expression in the serum of premature infants with WMI, its effects and mechanisms in ICH-induced WMI remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of circ-AGTPBP1 in white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by injecting autologous blood into rat left ventricles and circ-AGTPBP1 was knocked down at the ICH site using recombinant adeno-associated virus, AAV2/9...
November 23, 2023: Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37993245/visualizing-organelles-with-recombinant-fluorescent-proteins-in-the-white-rot-fungus-pleurotus-ostreatus
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuhiro Kurebayashi, Takehito Nakazawa, Shivani, Yuta Higashitarumizu, Moriyuki Kawauchi, Masahiro Sakamoto, Yoichi Honda
White-rot fungi secrete numerous enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation. However, the secretory mechanisms or pathways, including protein synthesis, folding, modification, and traffic, have not been well studied. In the first place, few experimental tools for molecular cell biological studies have been developed. As the first step toward investigating the mechanisms underlying protein secretion, this study visualized organelles and transport vesicles involved in secretory mechanisms with fluorescent proteins in living cells of the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (agaricomycete)...
2023: Fungal Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37946877/optogenetics-sheds-light-on-brown-and-beige-adipocytes
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron Clifford Brown
Excessive food intake leads to lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue, triggering inflammation, cellular stress, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the dynamic energy expenditure and heat generation of brown and beige adipose tissue, driven by specialized mitochondria, render it an appealing candidate for therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing metabolic disorders. This review examines the therapeutic potential of brown and beige adipocytes for obesity and metabolic disorders, focusing on recent studies that employ optogenetics for thermogenesis control in these cells...
2023: Journal of cellular signaling
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37934410/arl6ip1-gene-delivery-reduces-neuroinflammation-and-neurodegenerative-pathology-in-hereditary-spastic-paraplegia-model
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jung Hwa Lim, Hyun Mi Kang, Dae Hun Kim, Bohyeon Jeong, Da Yong Lee, Jae-Ran Lee, Jeong Yeob Baek, Hyun-Soo Cho, Mi-Young Son, Dae Soo Kim, Nam-Soon Kim, Cho-Rok Jung
ARL6IP1 is implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), but the specific pathogenic mechanism leading to neurodegeneration has not been elucidated. Here, we clarified the molecular mechanism of ARL6IP1 in HSP using in vitro and in vivo models. The Arl6ip1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated to represent the clinically involved frameshift mutations and mimicked the HSP phenotypes. Notably, in vivo brain histopathological analysis revealed demyelination of the axon and neuroinflammation in the white matter, including the corticospinal tract...
January 1, 2024: Journal of Experimental Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37918793/adiponectin-stimulates-sca1-cd34-adipocyte-precursor-cells-associated-with-hyperplastic-expansion-and-beiging-of-brown-and-white-adipose-tissue
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge, Milica Vujičić, Belén Chanclón, Vilborg Palsdottir, Nicolas J Pillon, Anna Benrick, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
BACKGROUND: The adipocyte hormone adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and there is an inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and type-2 diabetes risk. Previous research shows that adiponectin remodels the adipose tissue into a more efficient metabolic sink. For instance, mice that overexpress adiponectin show increased capacity for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion as evident from smaller and metabolically more active white adipocytes. In contrast, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of these mice looks "whiter" possibly indicating reduced metabolic activity...
October 31, 2023: Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37910447/bioenergetic-function-is-decreased-in-peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells-of-veterans-with-gulf-war-illness
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joel N Meyer, William K Pan, Ian T Ryde, Thomas Alexander, Jacquelyn C Klein-Adams, Duncan S Ndirangu, Michael J Falvo
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a major health problem for approximately 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans, but the etiology of GWI is unclear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor to GWI, based on the similarity of some GWI symptoms to those occurring in some mitochondrial diseases; the plausibility that certain pollutants to which GW veterans were exposed affect mitochondria; mitochondrial effects observed in studies in laboratory models of GWI; and previous evidence of mitochondrial outcomes in studies in GW veterans...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37907745/sensing-the-oxygen-and-temperature-in-the-adipose-tissues-who-s-sensing-what
#29
REVIEW
Gi-Sue Kang, Hye-Ju Jo, Ye-Rim Lee, Taerim Oh, Hye-Joon Park, G-One Ahn
Adipose tissues, composed of various cell types, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and immune cells, are organs that are exposed to dynamic environmental challenges. During diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissues experience hypoxia due to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunctional vasculature. Under these conditions, cells in white adipose tissues activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that activates signaling pathways involved in metabolism, angiogenesis, and survival/apoptosis to adapt to such an environment...
November 1, 2023: Experimental & Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37906396/transcriptomics-profiling-reveal-the-heterogeneity-of-white-and-brown-adipocyte
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhongxiao Zhang, Liling Xu, Ling Zhang, Jingxian Lu, Zhou Peng, Xirong Guo, Jianfang Gao
The marker genes associated with white adipocytes and brown adipocytes have been previously identified; however, these markers have not been updated in several years, and the differentiation process of preadipocytes remains relatively fixed. Consequently, there has been a lack of exploration into alternative differentiation schemes. In this particular study, we present a transcriptional signature specific to brown adipocytes and white adipocytes. Notably, our findings reveal that ZNF497, ZIC1, ZFY, UTY, USP9Y, TXLNGY, TTTY14, TNNT3, TNNT2, TNNT1, TNNI1, TNNC1, TDRD15, SOX11, SLN, SFRP2, PRKY, PAX3KLHL40, PAX3, INKA2-AS1, SOX11, and TDRD15 exhibit high expression levels in brown adipocytes...
October 31, 2023: Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37905059/genome-wide-association-study-identifies-apoe-and-zmiz1-variants-as-mitophagy-modifiers-in-lewy-body-disease
#31
Xu Hou, Michael G Heckman, Fabienne C Fiesel, Shunsuke Koga, Alexandra I Soto-Beasley, Jens O Watzlawik, Jing Zhao, Rebecca R Valentino, Patrick W Johnson, Launia J White, Zachary S Quicksall, Joseph S Reddy, Jose Bras, Rita Guerreiro, Na Zhao, Guojun Bu, Dennis W Dickson, Owen A Ross, Wolfdieter Springer
The PINK1-PRKN pathway mediates a critical quality control to maintain mitochondrial health and function. Together the kinase-ligase pair identifies and decorate damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated ubiquitin (p-S65-Ub). This selective label serves as the mitophagy tag and facilitates their degradation via autophagy-lysosome system. While complete loss of PINK1 or PRKN function causes early-onset Parkinson disease, much broader mitophagy impairments are emerging across neurodegenerative disorders. We previously found age- and disease-dependent accumulation of p-S65-Ub signal in the hippocampus of autopsy brains with Lewy body disease (LBD)...
October 16, 2023: medRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37829657/astrocytes-of-the-eye-and-optic-nerve-heterogeneous-populations-with-unique-functions-mediate-axonal-resilience-and-vulnerability-to-glaucoma
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul F Cullen, Daniel Sun
The role of glia, particularly astrocytes, in mediating the central nervous system's response to injury and neurodegenerative disease is an increasingly well studied topic. These cells perform myriad support functions under physiological conditions but undergo behavioral changes - collectively referred to as 'reactivity' - in response to the disruption of neuronal homeostasis from insults, including glaucoma. However, much remains unknown about how reactivity alters disease progression - both beneficially and detrimentally - and whether these changes can be therapeutically modulated to improve outcomes...
2023: Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37807066/blockade-of-tgf-%C3%AE-signalling-alleviates-human-adipose-stem-cell-senescence-induced-by-native-ecm-in-obesity-visceral-white-adipose-tissue
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xueya Han, Weihong Li, Xu He, Xin Lu, Yu Zhang, Yaqiong Li, Guoyun Bi, Xuqing Ma, Xiaowu Huang, Rixing Bai, Haiyan Zhang
BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is appreciated as a major player in insulin resistance and metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue. Inappropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and functional alterations in human adipose stromal/stem cells (hASCs) have been linked with visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) dysfunction in obesity. Understanding the interactions between hASCs and the native ECM environment in obese vWAT is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches for obesity-associated metabolic complications...
October 8, 2023: Stem Cell Research & Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37748388/hydroxy-%C3%AE-sanshool-from-the-fruits-of-zanthoxylum-bungeanum-maxim-promotes-browning-of-white-fat-by-activating-trpv1-to-induce-ppar-%C3%AE-deacetylation
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qing Zhang, Cheng-Xun He, Ling-Yu Wang, Die Qian, Dan-Dan Tang, Sheng-Nan Jiang, Wen-Wen Chen, Chun-Jie Wu, Wei Peng
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggested increasing energy expenditure is a feasible strategy for combating obesity, and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to promote thermogenesis might be one of the attractive ways. Hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS), a natural amide alkaloid extracted from the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, possesses lots of benefits in lipid metabolism regulation. METHODS: The anti-obesity effect of HAS was investigated by establishing an animal model of obesity and a 3T3-L1 differentiation cell model...
September 21, 2023: Phytomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37623888/flaxseed-reduces-cancer-risk-by-altering-bioenergetic-pathways-in-liver-connecting-sam-biosynthesis-to-cellular-energy
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William C Weston, Karen H Hales, Dale B Hales
This article illustrates how dietary flaxseed can be used to reduce cancer risk, specifically by attenuating obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We utilize a targeted metabolomics dataset in combination with a reanalysis of past work to investigate the "metabo-bioenergetic" adaptations that occur in White Leghorn laying hens while consuming dietary flaxseed. Recently, we revealed how the anti-vitamin B6 effects of flaxseed augment one-carbon metabolism in a manner that accelerates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) biosynthesis...
August 14, 2023: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37607448/a-general-design-of-pyridinium-based-fluorescent-probes-for-enhancing-two-photon-microscopy
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Chen, Kangqiang Qiu, Daniel C Y Leong, Bidyut Kumar Kundu, Chengying Zhang, Prasenjit Srivastava, Katie E White, Guodong Li, Guanqun Han, Ziyuan Guo, Christopher G Elles, Jiajie Diao, Yujie Sun
Two-photon absorbing fluorescent probes have emerged as powerful imaging tools for subcellular-level monitoring of biological substances and processes, offering advantages such as deep light penetration, minimal photodamage, low autofluorescence, and high spatial resolution. However, existing two-photon absorbing probes still face several limitations, such as small two-photon absorption cross-section, poor water solubility, low membrane permeability, and potentially high toxicity. Herein, we report three small-molecule probes, namely MSP-1arm, Lyso-2arm, and Mito-3arm, composed of a pyridinium center (electron-acceptor) and various methoxystyrene "arms" (electron-donor)...
August 18, 2023: Biosensors & Bioelectronics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37579994/mitochondrial-dna-copy-number-in-adults-with-and-without-type-1-diabetes
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alicia J Jenkins, Luke M Carroll, Michael L H Huang, Yik Wen-Loh, Abubakar Mangani, David N O'Neal, Andrzej S Januszewski
AIMS: Mitochondrial damage is implicated in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) in human Type 1 diabetes (T1D) studies are lacking. We related mtDNA-cn in T1D and non-diabetic adults (CON) with diabetes complications and risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study: 178 T1D, 132 non-diabetic controls. Associations of whole blood mtDNA-cn (qPCR) with complications, inflammation, and C-peptide. RESULTS: mtDNA-cn (median (LQ, UQ)) was lower in: T1D vs...
August 12, 2023: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37549811/mitochondrial-health-nlrp3-inflammasome-activation-and-white-matter-integrity-in-adolescent-mood-disorders-a-pilot-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyang Y Zhou, Michelle Thai, Donovan Roediger, Bryon A Mueller, Kathryn R Cullen, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Ana C Andreazza
Adolescence is a particularly important period for brain development and is also when mood disorders typically emerge. Several psychiatric illnesses exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated inflammation, and impaired white matter integrity. This study explored the intersection of mitochondrial health, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and white matter integrity in a small cohort of 29 adolescent patients with mood disorders (bipolar disorder (BD): n = 11, major depressive disorder (MDD): n = 19) and 19 healthy controls...
August 5, 2023: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37549445/fgf21-and-gdf15-are-elevated-in-barth-syndrome-and-are-correlated-to-important-clinical-measures
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olivia Liu, Bhargava Kumar Chinni, Cedric Manlhiot, Hilary J Vernon
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked disorder that is caused by defects TAFAZZIN, which leads to an abnormal cardiolipin (CL) profile of the inner mitochondrial membrane and clinical features including cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and skeletal myopathy. The ratio of monolysocardiolipin (MLCL, the remodeling intermediate of cardiolipin) to remodeled CL is always abnormal in Barth Syndrome and 3-methylglutaconic acid is often elevated affected patients, however neither of these biomarkers has been shown to temporally correlate to clinical status...
August 2, 2023: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37545413/molecular-engineering-to-enhance-the-reactive-oxygen-species-generation-of-aiegens-and-exploration-of-their-versatile-applications
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weidong Yin, Jianqing Li, Yucheng Ma, Longjiang Xing, Zeduan Chen, Bo Liu, Yanping Huo, Zujin Zhao, Shaomin Ji
Fluorescent dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have shown potential applications in the fields of biological imaging, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, in which photosensitizers (PSs) play a crucial role. However, how to design high-quality PSs with high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency remains unclear. In this contribution, an effective molecular design strategy to improve the ROS generation efficiency of AIE PSs was proposed. A series of tetraphenylethylene derivatives containing the pyridine ring or pyridinium with different substituents were designed and synthesized...
August 7, 2023: Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine
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