Fracture + healing

With National Aeronautics and Space Administration's plans for longer distance, longer duration spaceflights such as missions to Mars and the surge in popularity of space tourism, the need to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system has never been more present. However, there is a paucity of information on how spaceflight affects orthopaedic health. This review surveys existing literature and discusses the effect of spaceflight on each aspect of the musculoskeletal system. Spaceflight reduces bone mineral density at rapid rates because of multiple mechanisms...

PURPOSE: To study the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes after of radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius. METHODS: This retrospective study included 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures who underwent RSL arthrodesis using locked miniplates (without distal scaphoid excision) between 2012 and 2020. Their mean age was 43 years (range, 32-56). Patients were assessed radiographically for union and clinically for range of motion, grip strength, and pain (assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain)...

OBJECTIVE: Medial epicondyle fractures are a common pediatric injury. When operative, cannulated partially threaded screws, with or without a washer, are commonly utilized. These implants may need to be removed after full healing if symptomatic. There is mixed evidence regarding the influence of a washer on rates of implant removal, and the influence of screw size has not been studied. We aim to determine the rate of symptomatic deep implant removal for each fixation type and identify factors associated with the need for removal...

INTRODUCTION: Domino osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is as a subsequent fracture that develops within 3 months before the initial OVF heals. There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of osteoanabolic agents on its treatment. This study evaluated the effects of bisphosphonates and anabolic agents teriparatide and romosozumab on subsequent domino OVF. METHODS: This was post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted across 8 hospitals, enrolling 144 patients with conservatively treated OVF, grouped into patients receiving bisphosphonate (BP, n  = 55), teriparatide (TPTD, n  = 62), and romosozumab (Romo, n  = 27)...

The progressive nature of Parkinson's disease and its associated motor and non-motor symptoms can lead to various complications when patients experience immobilization, exacerbating existing motor impairments and potentially giving rise to secondary health issues. The variability, progression, and management of tremors in PD can be challenging. Due to low bone mass density, patients with Parkinson's disease are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The lack of movement can worsen muscle rigidity and stiffness, leading to contractures and a decreased range of motion in joints...

Delayed union of fractures is one of the most frequent complications in orthopedic practice, especially in polytrauma patients. With the development of new methods of regenerative medicine, including the use of adipose derived stromal cells as a component of the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF), new possibilities for conservative treatment of this problem have emerged. This article presents a clinical case of conservative treatment of delayed union of a radial bone fracture using local SVF injections. In the fracture space, SVF with PRP creates a pool of cells that could differentiate towards surrounding tissue, releases various inducers of tissue growth and, via an indirect chemotactic effect on receptors, mobilizes the body's own resources and creates conditions for angiogenesis and trophism in the injured segment...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric femoral fractures are common in emergency rooms, with treatment options varying by age. This study compares elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and plate fixation for diaphyseal femoral fractures in children aged 5-10. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conducted at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, from December 2017 to December 2019, this prospective study included 32 children with closed transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: 16 treated with ESIN (Group 1) and 16 with plate fixation (Group 2)...

Background: Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone healing, disruption of which is recognized as a contributing cause to nonunion or delayed union. However, the underlying mechanism of mechanical regulation of fracture healing is elusive. Methods: We used the lineage-tracing mouse model, conditional knockout depletion mouse model, hindlimb unloading model and single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the crucial roles of mechanosensitive protein polycystin-1 (PC1, Pkd1 ) promotes periosteal stem/progenitor cells (PSPCs) osteochondral differentiation in fracture healing...

BACKGROUND:  Children's bones are at high risk of fracture as they grow. The clinical characteristics of fractures in children differ from those in adults. Studying fractures in healthy children is critical for identifying cases of fragility fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of limb fractures as well as clinical indicators of fracture healing outcomes in healthy Saudi children seen in an emergency room. METHODS: A retrospective review of the treatment course of all pediatric fractures and related factors treated at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh between 2016 and 2018 was conducted...

Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) is a transcription factor closely involved in hematopoiesis. RUNX 1 gene mutation plays an essential pathogenic role in the initiation and development of hematological tumors, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies have shown that RUNX1 is also involved in the regulation of bone development and the pathological progression of bone-related diseases. RUNX1 promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts and modulates the maturation and extracellular matrix formation of chondrocytes...

AIMS: Fractures of the humeral shaft represent 3% to 5% of all fractures. The most common treatment for isolated humeral diaphysis fractures in the UK is non-operative using functional bracing, which carries a low risk of complications, but is associated with a longer healing time and a greater risk of nonunion than surgery. There is an increasing trend to surgical treatment, which may lead to quicker functional recovery and lower rates of fracture nonunion than functional bracing. However, surgery carries inherent risk, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: To report the sequential treatment of a Type II odontoid fracture combined with a severe lower cervical (C6-7) fracture-dislocation featuring bilateral facet joint interlocking. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old male who had suffered an injury in a car accident, He presented neck pain and extremity paralysis. His neurological function was classified as per the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale as Grade A, indicating complete deficits below the C6 spinal cord level...

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the bone quality of healing mandibular fracture sites by measuring the Hounsfield units (HU) on computed tomographic (CT) images obtained presurgery and postsurgery in patients treated with rigid internal fixation (RIF). The HU values of healing fracture sites were compared to those of corresponding nonfractured (control) sites on the opposing side and cervical vertebrae sites in the same patients. In total, 31 patients with 45 mandibular fractures treated with RIF underwent presurgical and postsurgical CT examinations...

BACKGROUND: Treating tibial non-unions efficiently presents a challenge for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. The established gold standard involves implanting autologous bone graft with adequate fixation, but the addition of biologicals according to the so-called diamond concept has become increasingly popular in the treatment of non-unions. Previous studies have indicated that polytherapy, which involves implanting mesenchymal stem cells, bioactive factors and osteoconductive scaffolds, can improve bone healing...

Titanium as the leading implant material in locked plating is challenged by polymers such as carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK), which became the focus of interest of researchers and manufacturers in recent years. However, data on human tissue response to these new implant materials are rare. Osteosynthesis plates and peri-implant soft tissue samples of 16 healed proximal humerus fractures were examined (n = 8 CFR-PEEK, n = 8 titanium). Soft tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and µCT...

OBJECTIVES: Traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Eucommiae has been used to treat bone fracture for hundreds of years, which exerts a significant improvement in fracture healing. Aucubin, a derivative isolated from Cortex Eucommiae , has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and antioxidative potential. In the present study, our aim was to explore its function in bone regeneration and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of Aucubin on osteoblast and osteoclast were examined in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and RAW 264...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of injured vertebra fixation with inclined-long pedicle screws combined with interbody fusion for thoracolumbar fracture dislocation with disc injury. METHODS: Between January 2017 and June 2022, 28 patients with thoracolumbar fracture dislocation with disc injury were underwent posterior depression, the injured vertebra fixation with inclined-long pedicle screws, and interbody fusion. There were 22 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 41...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of transverse double "8"-shaped tension band technique in the treatment of Lawrence zoneⅠfracture of the 5th metatarsal base. METHODS: Between February 2019 and October 2021, 15 patients with Lawrence zoneⅠfracture of the 5th metatarsal base were treated with transverse double "8"-shaped tension band technique. There were 8 males and 7 females, with a median age of 40 years (range, 23-59 years). The fractures were caused by sprains...

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effectiveness of vertical compression of locking plate combined with hollow screws in the treatment of Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures. METHODS: The clinical data of 128 patients with Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures who were admitted between March 2019 and April 2022 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 65 patients were treated with locking plate combined with hollow screw vertical compression (study group), and 63 patients were treated with simple locking plate (control group)...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of using antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation technology as a primary treatment for Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures. METHODS: The clinical data of 24 patients with Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures who were admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 18 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 65 years with an average age of 45...