keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410723/assistance-of-next-generation-sequencing-for-diagnosis-of-disseminated-bacillus-calmette-guerin-disease-with-x-scid-in-an-infant-a-case-report-and-literature-review
#21
REVIEW
Haiyang Zhang, Yi Liao, Zhensheng Zhu, Hanmin Liu, Deyuan Li, Sisi Wang
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live strain of Mycobacteriu m bovis ( M.bovis ) for use as an attenuated vaccine to prevent tuberculosis (TB) infection, while it could also lead to an infection in immunodeficient patients. M.bovis could infect patients with immunodeficiency via BCG vaccination. Disseminated BCG disease (BCGosis) is extremely rare and has a high mortality rate. This article presents a case of a 3-month-old patient with disseminated BCG infection who was initially diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) and eventually found to have X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID)...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409511/the-efficacy-of-short-acquisition-time-using-18-f-fdg-total-body-pet-ct-for-the-identification-of-pediatric-epileptic-foci
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Li, Xiao Cui, Huixin Yue, Chao Ma, Kun Li, Leiying Chai, Min Ge, Hui Li, Yee Ling Ng, Yun Zhou, Jianguo Shi, Yanhua Duan, Zhaoping Cheng
BACKGROUND: 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) plays a crucial part in the evaluation for pediatric epileptic patients prior to therapy. Short-term scanning holds significant importance, especially for pediatrics epileptic individuals who exhibited involuntary movements. The aim was to evaluate the effects of short acquisition time on image quality and lesion detectability in pediatric epileptic patients using total-body (TB) PET/CT. A total of 25 pediatric patients who underwent TB PET/CT using uEXPLORER scanner with an 18 F-FDG administered dose of 3...
February 26, 2024: EJNMMI Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401266/analysis-of-t-lymphocyte-subsets-and-risk-factors-in-children-with-tuberculosis
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Wei Ma, Ling-Chao Wang, De-An Zhao, Na Wei, Jun-Wei Cui, Shu-Jun Li
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is not only related to infection but also involves immune factors. This study explores the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in children with TB who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and examines their relationship using chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Additionally, the study identifies risk factors for severe TB (STB) in children and establishes relevant risk prediction models. METHODS: We recruited 235 participants between 2018 and 2022, comprising 176 paediatric patients with TB who were HIV-negative and 59 age-matched children with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)...
February 20, 2024: Tuberculosis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392848/tuberculous-pericarditis-in-childhood-a-case-report-and-a-systematic-literature-review
#24
REVIEW
Laura Venuti, Anna Condemi, Chiara Albano, Giovanni Boncori, Valeria Garbo, Sara Bagarello, Antonio Cascio, Claudia Colomba
Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is an important cause of pericarditis worldwide while being infrequent in childhood, especially in low-TB-incidence countries. We report a case of TBP and provide a systematic review of the literature, conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane to find cases of TBP in pediatric age published in the English language between the year 1990 and the time of the search. Of the 587 search results obtained, after screening and a backward citation search, 45 studies were selected to be included in this review, accounting for a total of 125 patients...
January 26, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390338/il-27-alters-inflammatory-cytokine-expression-and-limits-protective-immunity-against-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-in-a-neonatal-bcg-vaccination-model
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shelby D Bradford, Kenneth J Ryan, Ashley M Divens, Jessica M Povroznik, Sunilkanth Bonigala, Cory M Robinson
BACKGROUND: Efforts to control tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), have been hampered by the immense variability in protection from BCG vaccination. While BCG protects young children from some forms of TB disease, long-term protection against pulmonary disease is more limited, suggesting a poor memory response. New vaccines or vaccination strategies are required to have a realistic chance of eliminating TB disease. In TB endemic areas, routine immunization occurs during the neonatal period and as such, we hypothesized that inadequate protective immunity elicited by BCG vaccination could be the result of the unique early-life immune landscape...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38383310/a-stool-based-qpcr-for-the-diagnosis-of-tb-in-children-and-people-living-with-hiv-in-uganda-eswatini-and-mozambique-stool4tb-a-protocol-for-a-multicenter-diagnostic-evaluation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucia Carratala-Castro, Willy Ssengooba, Alex Kay, Sozinho Acácio, Joanna Ehrlich, Andrew R DiNardo, Nosisa Shiba, Joachim K Nsubuga, Shilzia Munguambe, Belén Saavedra-Cervera, Patricia Manjate, Durbbin Mulengwa, Busizwe Sibandze, Mangaliso Ziyane, George Kasule, Edson Mambuque, Moorine Penninah Sekadde, Eric Wobudeya, Moses L Joloba, Jan Heyckendorf, Christoph Lange, Sabine Hermans, Anna Mandalakas, Alberto L García-Basteiro, Elisa Lopez-Varela
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Children and people living with HIV (PLHIV) have an increased risk of mortality, particularly in the absence of rapid diagnosis. The main challenges of diagnosing TB in these populations are due to the unspecific and paucibacillary disease presentation and the difficulty of obtaining respiratory samples. Thus, novel diagnostic strategies, based on non-respiratory specimens could improve clinical decision making and TB outcomes in high burden TB settings...
February 21, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378592/disseminated-tuberculosis-in-a-migrant-child
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victorine Boccard, Fany Corvol, Blandine Prévost, Harriet Corvol
Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major global health threat, substantially affecting children, who contribute notably to new cases and deaths. Diagnosing TB in kids is challenging due to collection issues and the paucibacillary nature of the disease. Disseminated TB, uncommon in children in low TB incidence countries, remains a significant cause of morbidity in migrant populations. We illustrate a rare case of disseminated TB in a middle-childhood boy who migrated from Angola to France, displaying chronic cough, fatigue, weight loss and persistent fever...
February 20, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38377098/relationship-between-biologic-modifying-agents-and-development-of-latent-tuberculosis-in-pediatrics
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tugba Bedir Demirdag, Aslinur Ozkaya Parlakay, Fatma Aydin, Gokcen Dilsa Tugcu, Beytullah Santaflıoglu, Saliha Kanik Yuksek, Belgin Gulhan, Guzin Cinel, Banu Celikel Acar
INTRODUCTION: Biologic modifying agents are associated with an increased risk for infection with mycobacteria. The aim of this study is to document patients who received different biologic modifying therapies in our pediatric rheumatology department and the possibility of development of tuberculosis (TB). METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study was conducted in Ankara City Hospital. Pediatric patients who were treated with biologic modifying agents between 2010-2020 were documented...
January 31, 2024: Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358037/exploratory-analysis-of-the-economically-justifiable-price-of-nirsevimab-for-healthy-late-preterm-and-term-infants-in-colombia
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jefferson Antonio Buendía, Ranniery Acuña-Cordero, Carlos E Rodriguez-Martinez
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory infection globally. Recently, nirsevimab has been approved to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study explores the economically justifiable price of nirsevimab for preventing RSV infection in Colombia's children under 1 year of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A static model was developed using the decision tree microsimulation to estimate the quality-adjusted costs and life years of two interventions: a single intramuscular dose of nirsevimab versus not applying nirsevimab...
February 15, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38349459/a-longitudinal-prospective-study-of-active-tuberculosis-in-a-western-europe-setting-insights-and-findings
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arantxa Romero-Tamarit, Xavier Vallès, María Munar-García, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Núria Saborit, Ma Teresa Tortola, Zoran Stojanovic, Sílvia Roure, Adrián Antuori, Pere-Joan Cardona, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Andrea Martin-Nalda, María Espiau, Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão, Ma Ángeles Jiménez, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Israel Molina, Xavier Casas, Marisol Domínguez-Álvarez, Neus Jové, Nino Gogichadze, Kaori L Fonseca, Lilibeth Arias, Joan-Pau Millet, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Cristina Vilaplana
PURPOSE: This study investigates the potential of inflammatory parameters (IP), symptoms, and patient-related outcome measurements as biomarkers of severity and their ability to predict tuberculosis (TB) evolution. METHODS: People with TB were included prospectively in the Stage-TB study conducted at five clinical sites in Barcelona (Spain) between April 2018 and December 2021. Data on demographics, epidemiology, clinical features, microbiology, and Sanit George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Kessler-10 as Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) were collected at three time points during treatment...
February 13, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340060/pharmacokinetics-and-optimal-dosing-of-levofloxacin-in-children-for-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-an-individual-patient-data-meta-analysis
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yasmine N White, Belen P Solans, Paolo Denti, Louvina E van der Laan, H Simon Schaaf, Bryan Vonasek, Amyn A Malik, Heather R Draper, Hamidah Hussain, Anneke C Hesseling, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Radojka M Savic
BACKGROUND: Each year 25 000-32 000 children develop rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB), and many more require preventive treatment. Levofloxacin is a key component of RR/MDR-TB treatment and prevention, but the existing pharmacokinetic data in children have not yet been comprehensively summarized. We aimed to characterize levofloxacin pharmacokinetics through an individual patient data meta-analysis of available studies and to determine optimal dosing in children...
February 10, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329305/-risk-factors-in-the-delay-of-treatment-of-childhood-tuberculosis-in-a-peruvian-hospital
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriela Cartolin P, Consuelo Luna M
UNLABELLED: Childhood tuberculosis (c-TB) continues to be one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children, but there is still little information on the delay in the initiation of specific treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with delayed initiation of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in children under 15 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Case-control study. Patients <15 years of age with a diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (c-PTB) with delayed treatment initiation >24 hours were included...
December 2023: Andes pediatrica: revista Chilena de pediatría
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328938/non-specific-effects-of-bcg-in-portuguese-children-under-5-years-of-age-protocol-for-a-population-based-historical-birth-cohort-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ines Fronteira, Matilde Pacheco, Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer, Paulo Ferrinho
BACKGROUND: In observational studies and randomized trials from low-income countries, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis has been associated with beneficial non-specific effects. The likely mechanism behind these effects is innate immune training. Until 2016, a single dose of BCG vaccine was administered to all newborns in Portugal. In July 2016, a clinical guideline established that only children under 6 years belonging to high-risk groups should receive BCG...
January 30, 2024: JMIR Research Protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327249/pediatric-tuberculosis-infection-care-facilitators-and-barriers-a-qualitative-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yamini Adusumelli, Mary Tabatneck, Susan Sherman, Gabriella Lamb, Vishakha Sabharwal, Don Goldmann, Alexandra Epee-Bounya, Jessica E Haberer, Thomas J Sandora, Jeffrey I Campbell
BACKGROUND: A total of 700 000 US children and adolescents are estimated to have latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Identifying facilitators and barriers to engaging in TB infection care is critical to preventing pediatric TB disease. We explored families' and clinicians' perspectives on pediatric TB infection diagnosis and care. METHODS: We conducted individual interviews and small group discussions with primary care and subspecialty clinicians, and individual interviews with caregivers of children diagnosed with TB infection...
February 8, 2024: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320580/tb-or-not-tb-diagnostic-sensitivity-specifity-and-interobserver-agreement-in-the-radiological-diagnosis-of-pulmonary-tuberculosis-in-children
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Folke Brinkmann, Jana Hofgrefe, Frank Ahrens, Jürgen Weidemann, Lars Daniel Berthold, Nicolaus Schwerk
BACKGROUND: The differentiation between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) relies on radiological changes. Confirming the diagnosis remains a challenge because typical findings are often missing in children. This study evaluates diagnostic sensitivity, specifity and interobserver agreement on the radiological diagnosis of TB by chest-x-rays in accordance to professional specialization and work experience. METHODS: Chest x-rays of 120 children with proven tuberculosis infection were independently evaluated by general radiologists, paediatric radiologists and paediatric pulmonologists...
February 6, 2024: Klinische Pädiatrie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38315700/improving-tb-detection-among-children-in-routine-clinical-care-through-intensified-case-finding-in-facility-based-child-health-entry-points-and-decentralized-management-a-before-and-after-study-in-nine-sub-saharan-african-countries
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-François Lemaire, Jennifer Cohn, Shirin Kakayeva, Boris Tchounga, Patricia Fassinou Ekouévi, Vicky Kambaji Ilunga, Donald Ochieng Yara, Samson Lanje, Yusuf Bhamu, Leo Haule, Mary Namubiru, Tichaona Nyamundaya, Maude Berset, Mikhael de Souza, Rhoderick Machekano, Martina Casenghi
In 2022, an estimated 1.25 million children <15 years of age developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, but >50% remained undiagnosed or unreported. WHO recently recommended integrated and decentralized models of care as an approach to improve access to TB services for children, but evidence remains limited. The Catalyzing Paediatric TB Innovation project (CaP-TB) implemented a multi-pronged intervention to improve TB case finding in children in nine sub-Saharan African countries. The intervention introduced systematic TB screening in different facility-based child-health entry-points, decentralisation of TB diagnosis and management, improved sample collection with access to Xpert® MTB/RIF or MTB/RIF Ultra testing, and implementation of contact investigation...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308982/mediastinal-teratoma-in-children-a-case-series-of-misdiagnoses-in-a-high-endemic-tuberculosis-setting
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rama Nusjirwan, Kartika Hermawan, Mutiara Dewi, Harry Galuh Nugraha, Birgitta Maria Dewayani, Heda Melinda Nataprawira
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Mediastinal teratoma is a rare extragonadal teratoma that frequently manifests with non-specific symptoms and is commonly misdiagnosed, particularly in Indonesia, where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we present two cases of children aged 19 months and 17 years old who were referred with chronic nonspecific symptoms of cough, tachypnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Both children were initially diagnosed with TB and both completed anti-tuberculosis treatment...
January 26, 2024: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308831/investigations-of-clinical-characteristics-and-inflammatory-markers-of-febrile-seizures-induced-by-coronavirus-infection
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Zhao, H Y Wu, D Xie, L M Mo, F F Yang, Y Gao, X L Zhao, Y Z He
The study of children who experienced with febrile seizures(FS) as a result of COVID-19 infection to gain insight into the clinical characteristics and prognosis of neurological damage, with the aim of improving prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment of neurological complications. This study investigated the clinical features of 53 children with FS who were admitted to Sanya Women and Children's Hospital from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The results indicated that the duration of convulsion in the case and control group was 7...
December 1, 2023: Tropical Biomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308252/risk-factors-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-delay-among-patients-with-multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis-in-hunan-province-china
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C A Clements, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Zuhui Xu, Liqiong Bai, Kefyalew Addis Alene
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global health threat associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Diagnosis and treatment delays are associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB. However, the risk factors associated with these delays are not robustly investigated, particularly in high TB burden countries such as China. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the length of diagnosis and treatment delays and identify their risk factors among patients with MDR-TB in Hunan province...
February 2, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303759/survival-status-and-predictors-of-tuberculosis-development-among-under-5-children-admitted-with-severe-acute-malnutrition-in-ethiopia-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Addisu Dabi Wake
Introduction . The burden of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains unacceptably high worldwide. The burden of Tuberculosis (TB) co-occurring with SAM in under 5 children is a significant focus for the improvement of child health. The co-existence of these diseases are significantly enhancing the associated morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs among this population. Objective . To determine survival status and predictors of TB development in under 5 children with SAM in Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia...
2024: Global Pediatric Health
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