Pleural tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, being an airborne disease with a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs, is a rare cause of chylothorax. Mortality due to tuberculous chylothorax is 6%, and bilateral chylothorax has a higher mortality with a poor prognosis. A previously well 28-year-old male with a household contact history of tuberculosis exposure presented with a 1-month history of shortness of breath, fever, pleuritic chest pain, and constitutional symptoms. He was found to have bilateral chylothorax, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and miliary nodules in chest x-ray...

Pneumonia occupies one of the leading positions in morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is frequently categorized depending on the site of acquisition. Here, we present a case of a young woman who was admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) with cough, dyspnea, fever, and progressive worsening associated with palpitations and hypotension. An initial x-ray was followed by a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, which revealed signs of extensive left lung pneumonia with pleural effusion. Despite initial improvement after antibiotic treatment, the patient's condition declined...

Background: In Dayao County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, 5% of the surface is scattered with blue asbestos, which has a high incidence of pleural mesothelioma (PMe). Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small circular double-stranded DNA polyomavirus that can cause malignant transformation of normal cells of various human and animal tissue types and promote tumor growth. In this study, we investigate whether oncogenic SV40 is associated with the occurrence of PMe in the crocidolite-contaminated area of Dayao County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China...

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most predominant infectious illnesses in developing areas around the globe. As stated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of instances of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has increased lately. This case report describes the effective diagnosis and customized treatment for primary extra-pulmonary multidrug-resistant tubercular pleural effusion, a disease which is difficult to identify due to relatively low bacterial count as well as frequently negative staining on Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) for acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...

INTRODUCTION: TB is a well-recognized cause of pulmonary infection. Empyema Necessitans is a rare complication of untreated empyema, mainly caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects immunocompromised individuals. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of 28 years old gentleman, Sudanese, with intermittent fever, non-productive cough, weight loss and night sweats. Chest X-ray then CT chest revealed a large right pleural collection invading the chest wall...

A series of studies on the interventional diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis(TB)were carried out by domestic and foreign researchers in 2023. The combination of minimally invasive interventional procedures with endoscopes, guidance, material acquisition techniques by multiple ways and multichannel and highly accurate laboratory testing techniques is becoming more and more widely practiced clinically, which has played an important role in the accurate diagnosis of problematic TB. Diagnostic procedures for pulmonary TB, tracheobronchial TB, mediastinal lymphatic TB and extrapulmonary TB included conventional flexible bronchoscopy and specific types of bronchoscopy(ultrathin bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound), transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy, endobronchial ultrasound and virtual bronchoscopic navigation system-guided forceps biopsy, thoracoscopic cryobiopsy of pleura, percutaneous biopsy, and so on...

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 17 patients with pathologically confirmed SMARCA4-deficient chest tumors. Methods: Seventeen patients with SMARCA4-deficient thoracic tumors diagnosed by pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from September 2021 to January 2023 were collected through Results Query System of Pathology Department, and the patients' general conditions, clinical symptoms, tumor markers, imaging features, treatment and regression were retrospectively analyzed, and literature review was performed...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Tuberculosis (TB) pericarditis, while uncommon, should be considered in patients with pericardial masses and effusion. Timely recognition and treatment with anti-TB medications are crucial for a successful outcome. ABSTRACT: TB pericarditis presenting as a pericardial mass is an unusual and rare manifestation of this disease. We report a 59-year-old South Asian male who presented with a 1-week history of dyspnea and cough. He was found to have a hemorrhagic pericardial mass with a massive pericardial effusion...

BACKGROUND: The data report of a large sample, dynamic epidemiology, and characteristic analysis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in Southwest China is not clear. Herein, we conducted descriptive dynamic epidemiology, characteristic analysis and geographical distribution study of pediatric TB inpatients in Southwest China for more than 20 years. METHODS: Patients with pediatric TB were recruited from October 2002 to September 2022 in Southwest of China based on etiology or clinical confirmation...

Objective: To examine the efficacy of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of tuberculous destroyed lung. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 33 patients with tuberculous destroyed lung who had received uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary resection from June 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 20 females, aged (47.5±16.2) years (range: 19 to 68 years). The course of the disease was from 15 days to 8 years...

BACKGROUND: The genus Mycobacterium includes well-known bacteria such as M. tuberculosis causing tuberculosis and M. leprae causing leprosy. Additionally, various species collectively termed non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause infections in humans and animals, affecting individuals across all age groups and health conditions. However, information on NTM infection prevalence in Panama is limited. METHODS: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical records from 2017 to 2021, specifically focusing on patients with NTM isolates...

Periodontal diseases are well-known background for infective endocarditis. Here, we show that pericardial effusion or pericarditis might have origin also in periodontal diseases. An 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and diabetes mellitus developed asymptomatic increase in pericardial effusion. Two weeks previously, he took oral new quinolone antibiotics for a week because he had painful periodontitis along a dental bridge in the mandibular teeth on the right side and presented cheek swelling...

Similar clinical features make the differential diagnosis difficult, particularly between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), without pathological evidence for patients with concomitant TB infection. Our study aimed to build a nomogram to predict malignant pulmonary lesions applicable to clinical practice. We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, imaging features, and laboratory indicators of TB infection patients diagnosed with lung cancer or active pulmonary TB at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University...

OBJECTIVES: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has shown good performance in diagnosing pleural, peritoneal, and meningeal tuberculosis. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of measuring ADA activity in synovial fluid for the early diagnosis of joint tuberculosis. METHODS: We searched published information in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MedRxiv databases, as well as unpublished information in the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism for conference abstracts (2012-2021)...

This article aims to detect lung cavitations using lung ultrasound (LUS) in a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and correlate the findings with chest computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) to obtain LUS diagnostic sensitivity. Patients with suspected TB were enrolled after being evaluated with CXR and chest CT. A blinded radiologist performed LUS within 3 days after admission at the Infectious Diseases Department. Finally, 82 patients were enrolled in this study. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) confirmed TB in 58/82 (71%)...

INTRODUCTION: The high morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis has led to the development of numerous therapeutic interventions during the pre-antibiotic era. In 1894, Forlanini proposed the technique of collapse therapy, using spontaneous pneumothorax. In 1926, Bernou developed the Oleothorax technique to induce an iatrogenic collapse of the lung through the instillation of oil into the pleural cavity, which was subsequently removed. Nowadays, there are few patients that still represent a living testimony of this historic technique and have been described through traditional radiology...

Primary thoracic cancers affect a large number of patients, mainly those with lung cancer and to a lesser extent those with pleural mesothelioma and thymic tumours. Given their frequency and associated comorbidities, in patients whose mean age is high, these diseases are associated with multiple complications. This article, the last of a series dedicated to emergencies in onco-haematological patients, aims to present a clinical picture of the severe complications (side effects, immune-related adverse events) associated with systemic treatments, excluding infections and respiratory emergencies, with which general practitioners and specialists can be confronted...

INTRODUCTION: Mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm that develops from mesothelial cells. About 80% of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural cavity. Other sites where it has been reported are the peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, and the pericardium. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old female complained of abdominal distention and pain for three months. There was a significant weight loss of approximately 15 kg in the past three months, and there was no family history of any malignancy, tuberculosis, substance abuse, or asbestosis exposure...

We report a patient with severe cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and Aspergillus niger superinfection, whose only comorbidity was untreated diabetes mellitus. A. niger pneumonia was proven by PCR, sequencing and culture of pleural and respiratory secretions. The patient was successfully treated with a four-drug antituberculous regimen, liposomal amphotericin B (up to 5 mg/kg/d) and pleuro-pneumonectomy. Histology of the resected lung revealed destroyed lung tissue with inflammatory cells and fungal conidia...

INTRODUCTION: Primary pleural hydatid cysts (PPHCs) are a rare clinical condition caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. They occur in <1 % of all hydatid cysts in the body and can cause serious complications such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and mediastinal shift. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a rare case of a 28-year-old female who was initially misdiagnosed and ignored her pneumothorax for several months, resulting in progressive dyspnea and chest pain...