ultrasonography of obstetrics

Objective: To analysis of fetal ultrasound soft index positive cases during 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, and to explore the relationship with chromosomal abnormalities in order to increase the positive rate of invasive prenatal diagnosis and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis. Methods: A total of 569 cases which were diagnosed with positive soft markers in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of the Second Hospital of Jilin University from Jan.2016 to Jan.2017 were studied by ultrasonography. Twenty-five cases were lost in follow-up and finally 544 cases were included as group A...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the learning curves of trainees during a structured off-line/hands-on training program on the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). METHODS: A two-week training program was conducted. One day was devoted to theoretical issues and guided off-line analysis of 10 volumes of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. During the following days, five sessions of real-time sonographic examinations were performed in a DIE referral center Ultrasound unit...

Background: Laparoscopic techniques have been used during pregnancy by obstetricians since the 1970's, primarily to diagnose and treat ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies. Pregnancy was considered as an absolute contraindication to laparoscopy by surgeons as recently as 1991, and a few still doubt the safety of minimal access in gravid patients. When an emergent operation is indicated, the surgery should not be withheld on the sole basis of patient's gravid state. On the contrary, the alleviation of maternal disease is thought to take priority because the health of the foetus is dependant on the mother...

RATIONALE: Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an infrequent disease caused by transplacental maternal autoantibodies. The most common effects of NLE include cutaneous involvement and congenital heart block (CHB), although it might involve multiple organs, such as the liver, lungs, blood, and nervous or digestive systems. Izmirly PM1 and Tonello et al recently reported cutaneous manifestations of neonatal lupus and risk of subsequent CHB. The most serious complication of NLE is complete atrioventricular (AV) block...

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the sonographic diagnosis and management strategy of symptomatic adnexal torsion at a teaching hospital in Hyderabad, India. All women with abdominal pain and preoperative or operative diagnosis of adnexal torsion from January 2011 to December 2015 were included. A total of 76 women with 78 episodes were included; 28 (36%) occurred during pregnancy. The ovarian mass (in 71%) and pregnancy (in 35%) constituted the most common risk factors. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the accuracy of ultrasound were 75%, 27%, 86%, 15% and 68%, respectively...

BACKGROUND This study explored symptoms and signs of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) evaluated by 4-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasonography and analyzed the relationship between delivery mode and POP. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 578 women who underwent 4-dimensional transperineal ultrasound were enrolled in this study. Obstetric history together with other clinical information were gathered from clinical questionnaires and gynecologists. Patients were thereafter classified into 4 groups: women with normal vaginal delivery, women with forceps delivery, women with cesarean, and nullipara women...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to agree on a definition of the obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), to determine the prevalence and risk factors. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature on the obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), establishment of levels of evidence (NP), and grades of recommendation according to the methodology of the recommendations for clinical practice. RESULTS: To classify obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), we have used the WHO-RCOG classification, which lists 4 degrees of severity...

Background  The gold standard for antenatal diagnosis of placenta previa is the transvaginal ultrasonography. In placenta previa cases, separation of placental and uterine tissues is challenging even for the most experienced surgeons. Life-threatening obstetrical complications from cesarean deliveries with placenta previa include peripartum hemorrhage, coagulopathy, blood transfusion, peripartum hysterectomy, and multiple organ failure. Cases  We detailed the 3 cases of placenta previa that underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation; if hemostasis was not achieved, horizontal mattress sutures were placed in the lower uterine segment...

Primary extraovarian dysgerminoma is very rare. Nearly all reported uterine germ cell tumors are nondysgerminoma. Herein, we reported a primary intrauterine dysgerminoma. A 21-year-old pregnant woman G2 L1 with a gestational age of 33 weeks referred to an obstetric ward with a chief complaint of labor pain and membrane rupture. Ultrasonography showed a large hypoechoic lobulated area adjacent to the lower part of her uterus. She underwent an operation and a huge mass was detected in her uterus, which was extended to her pelvic floor...

The Republic of Congo is facing a shortage of specialists and an unequal distribution of healthcare professionals between urban and rural areas, limiting access to diagnostic ultrasonography. Besides other issues this project aims at establishing the feasibility of remote training by live teleconsultation in obstetrical ultrasonography, as a mechanism to support isolated care by untrained staff. The project includes abdominal ultrasound testing for women during all stages of pregnancy. The first results have shown that the transmission of dynamic images, at a low cost internet connection, offers the possibility of distance training of peripheral health professionals, with the real-time remote support of gynecologists...

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GYN) is a vital component of patient assessment, diagnosis, and management. Standards for Canadian obstetrician-gynecologists' ultrasound skills are limited and vague. The primary objective was to audit the current curriculum administered to Canadian OB/GYN residents. The secondary objective was to understand self-perceived competency of final-year residents in performing OB/GYN ultrasound. We also sought to identify perceived barriers to incorporation of ultrasound into practice...

AIM: Gestational age estimation by ultrasonography is the gold standard for dating pregnancies. However, the availability of prenatal ultrasonography in low-to-middle-income countries is limited. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of last menstrual period (LMP) as a gestational age dating method among women in Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS: A total of 741 pregnant women were enrolled into a longitudinal study (June 2013 to July 2016). Gestational age was determined by LMP and ultrasonography...

PURPOSE: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the gold standard for image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for cervical cancer, the majority of brachytherapy (BT) continues to be guided by computed tomography (CT). However, CT seems to overestimate the target-volume definition, and the potential of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) needs further evaluation. This prospective, comparative study aimed to evaluate CT-based target contouring with the incorporation of TRUS during BT...

Ultrasonography has gained popularity in recent years among anaesthesiologists and being used widely for regional blocks and central venous catheterization. Ultrasonography for neuraxial blocks was found beneficial especially for determining the correct needle insertion site and estimating the needle insertion depth of epidural space. In many recent studies, ultrasound guided epidural and spinal blocks have been evaluated among obstetric patients. Pre-procedural lumbar ultrasonography and real time ultrasound guidance for neuraxial blocks was the subject of these studies...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy at advanced maternal age has become more common in both developed and developing countries over the last decades. The association between adverse perinatal outcomes and advanced maternal age has been a matter of controversy in several studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of advanced maternal age on perinatal and neonatal outcomes of nulliparous singleton pregnancies. METHODS: Records of patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cukurova School of Medicine, between January 2011 and July 2015 for routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: Craniofacial deformities have a high psychosocial impact. The aim of this paper is to improve obstetric ultrasonography and prenatal detection of facial anomalies by providing a new fetal dental panorama. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study describes a new modality to visualize the fetal tooth germs and an easy step-by-step diagnostic approach. Image acquisition was performed between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation using a Voluson E10 GE ultrasound machine with an RM6C transducer (GE Medical Systems, Zipf, Austria)...

BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of variceal hemorrhage. Ectopic varices, those located outside the esophagus or stomach, are rare but have a high risk of associated maternal morbidity or mortality. CASE: A 31-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 0010, with cirrhosis and portal hypertension was found to have abdominal wall ectopic varices on third-trimester obstetric ultrasonography. Computed tomography angiography confirmed these findings...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In clinical settings, the pulsatility index (PI) has become a widely used tool for monitoring obstetrics or other vascular diseases. It is based on the maximum Doppler shift waveform derived from ultrasonography. However, it remains unclear whether the PI levels are correctly predicted from the perfusion in mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS: To explore the relationship between PI and perfusion, we generated a unilateral hindlimb ischemia model in 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice by ligation of the right common iliac artery and femoral artery...

PURPOSE: We performed a needs assessment to understand how existing physician assistant (PA) program curricula and clinical training affect students' ultrasound knowledge, skills, and competence and prepare students for performing ultrasound techniques in clinical practice. METHODS: Students graduating from a PA program completed a 23-item questionnaire examining their ultrasound training experiences, their self-assessment of competency, and their demographics. Students also completed a 15-item ultrasound knowledge assessment...

BACKGROUND: A novel point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) training program was developed to train rural healthcare providers in Kenya on the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST), thoracic ultrasound, basic echocardiography, and focused obstetric ultrasonography. The program includes a multimedia manual, pre-course testing, 1-day hands-on training, post-testing, 3-month post-course evaluation, and scheduled refresher training. This study evaluates the impact of the course on PoCUS knowledge and skills...