hot pack hypothermia

OBJECTIVES: In case of mild therapeutic hypothermia after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, several techniques could limit the cold fluid rewarming during its perfusion. We aimed to evaluate cold fluid temperature evolution and to identify the factors responsible for rewarming in order to suggest a prediction model of temperature evolution. EQUIPMENT AND METHODS: This was a laboratory experimental study. We measured temperature at the end of the infusion line tubes (ILT)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal agents on electrical sensory threshold and current tolerance when applied prior to neuromuscular electrical stimulation. METHODS: In this single-blind and cross-over trial, electrical sensory threshold and current tolerance of 24 healthy volunteers were evaluated by using biphasic symmetrical pulses (240 μsec, 50 pps), before and after thermal agent (cold pack, hot pack and ultrasound) applications...

Pre-cooling is used by many athletes for the purpose of reducing body temperature prior to exercise and, consequently, decreasing heat stress and improving performance. Although there are a considerable number of studies showing beneficial effects of pre-cooling, definite conclusions on the effectiveness of pre-cooling on performance cannot yet be drawn. Moreover, detailed analyses of the specific conditions under which pre-cooling may be most promising are, so far, missing. Therefore, we conducted a literature search and located 27 peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, which addressed the effects of pre-cooling on performance...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a veterinary dry heat fluid warmer on ambient and prewarmed crystalloid fluids and refrigerated packed red blood cells (pRBC). DESIGN: Prospective in vitro study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: None. INTERVENTIONS: Ambient and prewarmed crystalloid fluids and refrigerated pRBC were delivered via a standard fluid administration set at various rates...

This quasiexperimental two-group pilot study tested an intervention aimed at educating older adults in rural communities about the appropriate use of nondrug treatments for pain. Earlier data reveal that older adults use significantly less nonpharmacologic modalities than their younger counterparts, and that pain self-treatment is prevalent in rural areas. Individuals aged ≥60 years who experienced pain in the preceding 2 weeks were recruited from rural Midwestern communities through the use of flyers and information sessions at hospitals, churches, and community organizations...

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine how rapidly refrigerated fluids gain heat during bolus infusion and to determine whether the refrigerated fluids could be kept cold by a simple cold-insulation method. METHODS: One liter of refrigerated fluid was run through either a 16-gauge catheter (16G(-) and 16G(+) groups) or an 18-gauge catheter (18G(-) and 18G(+) groups) while monitoring the temperature in the fluid bag and the outflow site. In the 16G(+) and the 18G(+) groups, the fluid bag was placed with an ice pack inside an insulating sleeve during the fluid run...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture (dry needling) and heating (application of hot pack) treatments on the blood volume and oxygen saturation of the human Achilles tendon in vivo. Nine healthy males participated in this study. During the treatments (acupuncture and heating; both 10 min) and recovery period (30 min), the blood volume and oxygen saturation of the Achilles tendon were measured using red laser lights. During needle insertion, the blood volume and oxygen saturation of the tendon increased significantly from the pre-treatment level and these values remained high throughout the 30-min recovery period...

Electrophysical agents (EPAs) are a core part of physiotherapy practice and entry level education. With the increase in the number of EPAs over time, their availability and use in contemporary physiotherapy practice is an important consideration when determining entry level curricula. Thus, the aim of the study was to ascertain the current availability and usage of EPAs in Australian physiotherapy practice. A purpose-designed questionnaire was mailed to all registered physiotherapists in Australia. A response rate of 27% was obtained (n=3,538)...

OBJECTIVE: Research over the last decade has supported the use of cold intravenous (IV) fluid as a method for initiating therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, prehospital care programs employing this treatment have encountered various difficulties. Barriers to prehospital induced hypothermia (IH) protocols include the lack of effective or economically reasonable methods to maintain cold saline in the field. Validation of a simple method could allow agencies to equip numerous rigs with cold saline...

OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies support the use of warmed intravenous fluids in hypothermic patients. The most effective method to accomplish this goal in a cold prehospital, wilderness, or combat setting is unknown. We evaluated various methods of warming intravenous fluids for a bolus infusion in a cold remote environment. METHODS: One liter and 500 mL bags of intravenous fluid at 5 degrees C were heated using various methods in a 5 degrees C cold room. Methods included attachment of 3 types of chemical heat packs and heating the fluid in a pot on a camping stove...

We used three techniques of precooling to test the hypothesis that heat strain would be alleviated, muscle temperature (Tmu) would be reduced, and as a result there would be delayed decrements in peak power output (PPO) during exercise in hot, humid conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed four cycling intermittent sprint protocols (CISP). Each CISP consisted of twenty 2-min periods, each including 10 s of passive rest, 5 s of maximal sprint against a resistance of 7.5% body mass, and 105 s of active recovery...

The fluid-warming capabilities of four individual fluid warmers, i.e., Level 1, FMS 2000, Thermal Angel, and Ranger, were compared to evaluate their potential for medical use in forward military echelons of care. Lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and Hextend at room temperature (20 degrees C) or refrigerated temperature (4-7 degrees C) and packed red blood cells at 4 degrees C to 7 degrees C were used with each warmer at two different flow rates. The FMS 2000 consistently warmed all fluids to approximately 37 degrees C, regardless of the starting temperature or flow rate...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine if regional cooling reduces palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) associated with intravenous infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). METHODS: A retrospective review over 3 years identified 20 women who were treated with single-agent intravenous PLD for recurrent ovarian carcinoma. During PLD infusion, patients kept ice packs around their wrists and ankles, and consumed iced liquids. These steps were continued for 24 h after completion of chemotherapy...

A three-dimensional model is developed in this study to examine the transient and steady state temperature distribution in the brain during selective brain cooling (SBC) and subsequent rewarming. Selective brain cooling is induced through either wearing a cooling helmet or packing the head with ice. The ischemic region of the brain is simulated through reducing the blood perfusion rate to 20% of its normal value. The geometric and thermal properties and physiological characteristics for each layer, as well as the arterial blood temperature, are used as the input to the Pennes bioheat equation...

Extracorporeal circuits such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and renal dialysis machines cause active and/or passive loss of body heat. Attempts to quantify this heat loss are generally based on the Fick principle which requires knowledge of the specific heat capacity (SHC) of blood. As changes in packed cell volume are common, we investigated the effect of these changes on the SHC of blood over a range of packed cell volumes (PCV) from whole blood at 43.1% (3594 J kg-1 degrees C-1) to pure Hartmann's solution (4153 J kg-1 degrees C-1)...

OBJECTIVE: Hypothermia can have a negative effect on the metabolic and hemostatic functions of patients with traumatic injuries. Multiple methods of rewarming are currently used in the prehospital arena, but little objective evidence for their effectiveness in this setting exists. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of traditional prehospital measures in maintaining thermostasis in trauma patients. METHODS: Participating helicopter and ground ambulance ALS units were prospectively randomized to provide either routine care only (passive or no warming) or routine care (passive warming) in conjunction with active warming (either reflective blankets, hot pack rewarming, or warmed IV fluids)...

Neurons within the central nervous system, including those within the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus, alter their neuronal activity in response to scrotal thermal stimulation. This study set out to establish if the thermoresponsiveness of VMH neurons becomes modified to repeated trials of scrotal thermal stimulation. VMH extracellular activity was recorded with a glass micropipette filled with 0.5 M sodium acetate in urethane-anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats following 20 min scrotal heating (scrotal packs, 2 x 2 cm, filled with 40 degrees C hot water) and scrotal cooling (scrotal packs filled with ice)...

The feasibility of combining local heat treatment with whole-body hypothermia in an effort to improve therapeutic gain was assessed. Superficial, nonperfused phantom tumors were fashioned in eight anesthetized mongrel dogs by transplantation of the spleen from the abdomen to a subcutaneous site on the hindlimb. After pretreatment of the animal with the vasodilator hydralazine (0.5 mg/kg, IV) to enhance normal tissue perfusion, the spleen implant was heated with a 2450-MHz microwave diathermy apparatus, first with the animal's core body temperature in the normal range (39 degrees C) and then after the animal had been packed in ice to reduce core temperature to 30 degrees C...

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