Monkey kidney

In China, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines are widely used. These vaccines, which contain inactivated and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), are produced by MARC-145 cells derived from the monkey kidney cell line. However, some PRRSV strains in MARC-145 cells have a low yield. Here, we used two type 2 PRRSV strains (CH-1R and HuN4) to identify the genes responsible for virus yield in MARC-145 cells. Our findings indicate that the two viruses have different spread patterns, which ultimately determine their yield...

A new set of binuclear arene ruthenium complexes [Ru2 ( p- cymene)2 (k4 -N2 OS)(L1-L3)Cl2 ] ( Ru 2 L1-Ru 2 L3 ) encompassing furan-2-carboxamide-based aroylthiourea derivatives ( H 2 L1-H 2 L3 ) was synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical techniques. Single-crystal XRD analysis unveils the N^O and N^S mixed monobasic bidentate coordination of the ligands constructing N, S, Cl/N, O, and Cl legged piano stool octahedral geometry. DFT analysis demonstrates the predilection for the formation of stable arene ruthenium complexes...

The ability of cells to perceive and respond to mechanical cues is essential for numerous biological activities. Emerging evidence indicates important contributions of organelles to cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction. However, whether and how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) senses and reacts to mechanical forces remains elusive. To fill the knowledge gap, after developing a light-inducible ER-specific mechanostimulator (LIMER), we identify that mechanostimulation of ER elicits a transient, rapid efflux of Ca2+ from ER in monkey kidney COS-7 cells, which is dependent on the cation channels transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) and polycystin-2 (PKD2) in an additive manner...

This experimental study aimed to evaluate the antiviral and synergistic effects of photoenergy irradiation on human herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection. We assessed viral replication, plaque formation, and relevant viral gene expression to examine the antiviral and synergistic effects of blue light (BL) with acyclovir treatment. Our results showed that daily BL (10 J/cm2 ) irradiation inhibited plaque-forming ability and decreased viral copy numbers in HSV-1-infected monkey kidney epithelial Vero cells and primary human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cells...

BACKGROUND: The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates protein phosphorylation and exerts control over major cellular processes. mTOR is activated by the small G-protein Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (Rheb), which is encoded by the Rheb1 and Rheb-like-1 ( RhebL1 ) genes. There is currently a paucity of information on the role of RhebL1, and specifically its involvement in viral infection. In the present study we investigated the role of RhebL1 during human influenza A/NWS/33 (NWS/33) (H1N1) virus infection of rhesus monkey-kidney (LLC-MK2) cells and human type II alveolar epithelial (A549) cells...

INTRODUCTION: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection results in a serious disease, posing a huge economic threat to the global swine industry. The transient receptor potential mucolipin proteins (TRPMLs) have been shown to be strongly associated with virus infection and other physiological processes in humans, but their tissue distribution and responses to PRRSV in pigs remain unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis was undertaken to determine the optimal primer for TRPML expression detection and for quantifying that expression individually in different pig tissue samples...

BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the major per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in PFOA toxicokinetics is unknown. METHODS: In this study, two ABC transporters, ABCB1 and ABCB4, were examined in mice with single intravenous PFOA administration (3.13 µmol/kg). To identify candidate renal PFOA transporters, we used a microarray approach to evaluate changes in gene expression of various kidney transporters in Abcb4 null mice...

Rotavirus infections in suckling and weaning piglets cause severe dehydration and death, resulting in significant economic losses in the pig breeding industry. With the continuous emergence of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) variants and poor vaccine cross-protection among various genotypes, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies such as seeking effective antiviral products from nature, microbial metabolites and virus-host protein interaction. Sialidases play a crucial role in various physiopathological processes and offer a promising target for developing antivirus drugs...

The role of co-agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Herein we found that GLP-1R and GCGR expression levels were lower in the kidneys of mice with CKD compared to healthy mice and were correlated with disease severity. Interestingly, GLP-1R or GCGR knockdown aggravated the progression of kidney injury in both diabetic db/db mice and non-diabetic mice undergoing unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Based on the importance of GLP-1R and GCGR in CKD, we reported a novel monomeric peptide, 1907-B, with dual-agonism on both GLP-1R and GCGR...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) H. Wolff, commonly known as 'Ajamoda,' is a neglected Indian spice highly used in Ayurveda and folklore remedies as an antimicrobial for chronic wounds and discharges, along with a multitude of other disease conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of study was to explore chemical composition and to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and wound healing activities of T. roxburghianum fruit essential oil from India...

Long-term organ transplant survival remains suboptimal, and life-long immunosuppression predisposes transplant recipients to an increased risk of infection, malignancy, and kidney toxicity. Promoting the regulatory arm of the immune system by expanding Tregs may allow immunosuppression minimization and improve long-term graft outcomes. While low-dose IL-2 treatment can expand Tregs, it has a short half-life and off-target expansion of NK and effector T cells, limiting its clinical applicability. Here, we designed a humanized mutein IL-2 with high Treg selectivity and a prolonged half-life due to the fusion of an Fc domain, which we termed mIL-2...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP] is a widely used and effective antitumor drug in clinical settings, notorious for its nephrotoxic side effects. This study investigated the mechanisms of CDDP-induced damage in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, with a focus on the role of Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) and Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family, which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized the Vero cell line derived from African green monkey kidneys and exposed these cells to various concentrations of CDDP...

Clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) is an antimicrobial agent whose actions as a zinc or copper ionophore and an iron chelator revived the interest in similar compounds for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections, neurodegeneration and cancer. Recently, we reported zinc ionophores, including clioquinol, cause vasorelaxation in isolated arteries through mechanisms that involve sensory nerves, endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. Here, we report that clioquinol also uniquely acts as a competitive alpha-1 (α1 ) adrenoceptor antagonist...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been detected in almost all organs of coronavirus disease-19 patients, although some organs do not express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a known receptor of SARS-CoV-2, implying the presence of alternative receptors and/or co-receptors. Here, we show that the ubiquitously distributed human transferrin receptor (TfR), which binds to diferric transferrin to traffic between membrane and endosome for the iron delivery cycle, can ACE2-independently mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection...

Daprodustat is the first oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved recently for the treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults receiving dialysis. We evaluated the role of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B-mediated hepatic uptake transport in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of daprodustat using in vitro and in vivo studies, and physiologically-based PK (PBPK) modeling of its drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with inhibitor drugs. In vitro, daprodustat showed specific transport by OATP1B1/1B3 in the transfected cell systems and primary human and monkey hepatocytes...

Immune disorders arise from complex genetic and environmental factors, which lead to dysregulation at the cellular and inflammatory levels and cause tissue damage. Recent research highlights the crucial role of reactive antibodies in autoimmune diseases and graft rejection, but their complex determination poses challenges for clinical use. Therefore, our study aimed to ascertain whether the presence of reactive antibodies against membrane antigens in tissues from both animal models and humans could serve as biomarkers in patients with autoimmune disorders...

Dengue virus (DENV) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and DENV infection kills 20,000 people annually worldwide. Therefore, the development of anti-DENV drugs is urgently needed. Sofosbuvir (SOF) is an effective drug for HCV-related diseases, and its triphosphorylated metabolite inhibits viral RNA synthesis by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of HCV. (2'R)-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methyluridine (FMeU) is the dephosphorylated metabolite produced from SOF. The effects of SOF and FMeU on DENV1 replication were analyzed using two DENV1 replicon-based methods that we previously established...

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B) plays a key role in the hepatic clearance of a majority of high molecular weight (MW) acids and zwitterions. Here, we evaluated the role of OATP1B-mediated uptake in the clearance of novel hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors ("Dustats"), which are typically low MW (300-400 daltons) aliphatic carboxylic acids. Five acid dustats, namely daprodustat, desidustat, enarodustat, roxadustat and vadadustat, showed specific transport by OATP1B1/1B3 in transporter-transfected HEK293 cells...

BACKGROUND: Xenotransplantation, particularly when involving pig donors, presents challenges related to the transmission of porcine cytomegalovirus (pCMV) and its potential impact on recipient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pCMV positivity in both donors and recipients and the survival time of cynomolgus monkey recipients after xenogeneic kidney transplantation. METHODS: We conducted 20 cynomolgus xenotransplants using 18 transgenic pigs...

Gene delivery to macrophages holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. However, traditional gene delivery methods exhibit low transfection efficiency in macrophages. The star-shaped topological structure of polymers is known to encapsulate genes inside their cores, thereby facilitating sustained release of the genetic material. Herein, combining the structural advantages of star polymers and the transfection advantages of poly (β-amino ester)s (PAEs), we developed a novel linear oligomer grafting-onto strategy to synthesize a library of multi-terminal star structured PAEs (SPAEs), and evaluated their gene delivery efficiency in various tissue cells...