Optic canal

SIGNIFICANCE: Endocavity ultrasound (US) imaging is a frequently employed diagnostic technique in gynecology and urology for the assessment of male and female genital diseases that present challenges for conventional transabdominal imaging. The integration of photoacoustic (PA) imaging with clinical US imaging has displayed promising outcomes in clinical research. Nonetheless, its application has been constrained due to size limitations, restricting it to spatially confined locations such as vaginal or rectal canals...

Digital ocular massage has been reported to temporarily lower intraocular pressure (IOP). This could be related to an enhanced aqueous humor outflow; however, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the Schlemm's canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) can be imaged and measured. Here, 66 healthy adults underwent digital ocular massage for 10 min in their right eyes. The IOP and dimensions of the SC and TM were measured before and after ocular massage...

BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenomas show typical visual field defects that begin superiorly and progress inferiorly. The cause of atypical visual field defects that start inferiorly remains unclear. This study aimed to understand this phenomenon using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A total of 220 patients with pituitary adenomas underwent a visual field assessment of both eyes. Preoperative visual fields were assessed and classified into two types: superior quadrantanopia (typical) and inferior quadrantanopia (atypical)...

This study investigates the contamination of cow milk with aluminum (Al) and its potential health implications, particularly for children. Cow milk samples were collected from both nonexposed and exposed areas in Sindh, based on the source of livestock drinking water (fresh canals and groundwater). An environmental friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used with ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDLLμE) to enrich trace amounts of Al in whey milk and water samples. The enriched samples were then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry...

BACKGROUND: A cavernous malformation of the optic nerve (CMON) is a rare condition that often presents with an abrupt decline in vision. Acute management of ruptured optic nerve cavernous malformations is generally surgical, although the timing of surgery is controversial. OBSERVATIONS: A 47-year-old female experienced the sudden loss of vision in her left eye. Examination showed that this eye was nearly blind, and her right eye had a temporal field defect. Neuroimaging showed hemorrhage in her left optic nerve and optic chiasm...

PURPOSE: To determine if structurally intact, retrolaminar optic nerve (RON) axons are demyelinated in nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental glaucoma (EG). METHODS: Unilateral EG NHPs (n = 3) were perfusion fixed, EG and control eyes were enucleated, and foveal Bruch's membrane opening (FoBMO) 30° sectoral axon counts were estimated. Optic nerve heads were trephined; serial vibratome sections (VSs) were imaged and colocalized to a fundus photograph establishing their FoBMO location...

A real-time line-field optical coherence tomography (LF-OCT) system is demonstrated with image acquisition rates of up to 5000 B-frames or 2.5 million A-lines per second for 500 A-lines per B-frame. The system uses a high-speed low-cost camera to achieve continuous data transfer rates required for real-time imaging, allowing the evaluation of future applications in clinical or intraoperative environments. The light source is an 840 nm super-luminescent diode. Leveraging parallel computing with GPU and high speed CoaXPress data transfer interface, we were able to acquire, process, and display OCT data with low latency...

PURPOSE: To explore the effects of deep optic nerve head (ONH) structures on Bruch's membrane opening (BMO)-minimum rim width (MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) in healthy eyes. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study METHODS: Two hundred five healthy eyes of 141 subjects (mean ± standard deviation of age and axial length (AXL): 46.9±10.0 years and 24.79±1.15 mm) were enrolled. Best fit multivariable linear mixed models identified factors associated with BMO-MRW and pRNFLT...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the Schlemm's canal (SC) parameters obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) different in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) eyes compared to healthy eyes. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study evaluated 64 eyes of 32 GO cases and 56 eyes of 28 healthy controls. The study was conducted between October 2020 and June 2021. SC images were obtained from the temporal limbus of individuals using swept-source OCT. SC length (SCL) and SC area (SCA) were measured...

To establish a glide path, smaller files (up to size 0.15) with tapers of 2% are commonly used as pathfinding files. They pre-shape the root canal space before transitioning to larger taper endodontic instruments, aiming to prevent procedural errors. This study aimed to compare the design, metal wire composition, and mechanical characteristics of seven different ISO size 15 stainless-steel hand files (K-File and C-File+). Ninety-one new stainless-steel ISO 15 K-files were mechanically tested. All files were inspected for deformations before the assessment...

Medical applications of optical technology have increased tremendously in recent decades. Label-free techniques have the unique advantage of investigating biological samples in vivo without introducing exogenous agents. This is especially beneficial for a rapid clinical translation as it reduces the need for toxicity studies and regulatory approval for exogenous labels. Emerging applications have utilized label-free optical technology for screening, diagnosis, and surgical guidance. Advancements in detection technology and rapid improvements in artificial intelligence have expedited the clinical implementation of some optical technologies...

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon, benign, vascular multicystic bony lesion that most frequently develops in the first two decades of life. The metaphysis of long bones, pelvic, and vertebral column are the most common locations. The precise underlying pathophysiology of ABCs formation remains unclear; however, it is believed that reactive processes subsequent to trauma or vascular disturbance may play an important role. Involvement of the skull base rarely occurs with a prevalence of up to 5% of intracranial ABCs...

Schlemm's canal (SC) functions to maintain proper intraocular pressure (IOP) by draining aqueous humor and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for glaucoma, the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing SC development and functionality remains limited. Here, we show that vitronectin (VTN) produced by limbal macrophages promotes SC formation and prevents intraocular hypertension by activating integrin αvβ3 signaling...

BACKGROUND: Dolichoectasia is a rare arterial condition characterized by the dilatation, tortuosity, and elongation of cerebral blood vessels. The vertebrobasilar artery and internal carotid artery are the common sites of dolichoectasia. However, dolichoectasia of the branch arteries, such as the ophthalmic artery (OA), is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ophthalmic dolichoectasia that was successfully treated with endovascular internal coil trapping...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Immunohistochemical techniques with specific antibodies against GABA or against its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) allowed characterizing GABAergic neurons and fibers in the CNS. However, studies on the CNS distribution of GABAergic neurons and fibers of bony fishes are scant and were done in teleost species. With the aim of understanding the early evolution of this system in bony vertebrates, we analyzed the distribution of GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) and GAD-ir neurons and fibers in the CNS of a basal ray-finned fish, the Siberian sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes), using immunohistochemical techniques...

PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence, location and magnitude of optic nerve head (ONH) OCT-detected, exposed neural canal (ENC), externally oblique choroidal border tissue (EOCBT) and exposed scleral flange (ESF) regions in 122 highly myopic (Hi-Myo) versus 362 non-highly myopic healthy (Non-Hi-Myo-Healthy) eyes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study METHODS: After OCT radial B-scan, ONH imaging, Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), the anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO), and the scleral flange opening (SFO) were manually segmented in each B-scan and projected to BMO reference plane...

INTRODUCTION: This study was intended to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines commonly secreted by CD4+ T cells (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in apical granulomas and correlate with the clinical conditions and time elapsed since root canal treatment. METHODS: Eighteen biopsy specimens obtained by periradicular surgery of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis and diagnosed as apical granuloma were available from the oral pathology laboratory...

We aim to share our experience of the removal of cranio-orbital lesions (COLs) and propose a novel classification to guide the tailored approach selection. We retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients with COLs who underwent surgery performed by the same neurosurgeon between November 2010 and November 2022. The surgical approach was selected according to the anatomical region classification of the COLs. For lesions limited to space A (lateral superior orbital fissure, SOF), the pterion or extended pterion approach (PA or EPA) was used...

This study's CT scan-based morphometric analysis of 50 adult dogs explored the relationship between skull shape variations (determined by the skull index, SI), optic chiasm, optic canals, and orbital shape. Dogs were classified as brachycephalic (SI ≥ 59), mesocephalic (SI ≥ 51 but <59), and dolichocephalic (SI < 51). No significant age or weight differences were observed. Skull lengths (brachycephalic: 11.39 ± 1.76 cm, mesocephalic: 15.00 ± 2.96 cm, dolichocephalic: 17.96 ± 3...

Proteus syndrome is characterized by progressive, asymmetric, and distorting overgrowth that involves the skeletal, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and nervous systems. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with Proteus syndrome and a constellation of ocular signs, including congenital glaucoma, myopia, amblyopia, strabismus, megaloglobus, epibulbar tumors, and right retinal detachment. A decrease in left eye visual acuity coupled with significant deterioration in visual evoked potential response over time prompted urgent neuroimaging, which revealed massive overgrowth of the sphenoid bone, with bilateral optic nerve compression due to optic canal stenosis...