keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547506/increased-mortality-in-socioeconomic-disadvantaged-municipalities-during-the-first-phase-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-lombardy-region
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gianfranco Alicandro, Alberto Gerli, Carlo La Vecchia
BACKGROUND: Lombardy was the first European region most severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the spring of 2020. During that period, a substantial increase in socioeconomic inequality in total mortality was observed. This study aims to evaluate mortality data in the region up to September 2023 to verify whether the increased disparities between the poorest and the wealthiest municipalities persisted in the subsequent phases of the pandemic. METHODS: This study analyzed mortality data from January 2019 to September 2023 in Lombardy's municipalities by month and pandemic phases characterized by the predominance of the different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants...
March 28, 2024: European Journal of Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546009/virtual-interviews-and-equity-the-pediatric-pulmonary-fellow-perspective
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen Richard, Laura Chiel, Traci M Kazmerski, Samar Atteih, Ben Nelson, Robyn Cohen, Theresa A Laguna, Rachel D'Anna, Suzanne Dahlberg, Magan Zecena, Alicia Casey
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic shifted medical training programs to utilize virtual interviews (VIs) starting with the 2020 interview cycle. Fellowship interviews continue in the virtual format. It is unknown how this shift has affected equity for applicants as compared to in-person interviews. Equity in this study includes consideration of the opportunity for an applicant to accept, access, and conduct a VI. This study assessed pediatric pulmonary fellows' perception of equity associated with VIs and preferences for future cycles...
March 28, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543919/analyzing-subnational-immunization-coverage-to-catch-up-and-reach-the-unreached-in-seven-high-priority-countries-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region-2019-2021
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kamal Fahmy, Quamrul Hasan, Md Sharifuzzaman, Yvan Hutin
Yearly national immunization coverage reporting does not measure performance at the subnational level throughout the year and conceals inequalities within countries. We analyzed subnational immunization coverage from seven high-priority countries in our region. We analyzed subnational, monthly immunization data from seven high-priority countries. Five were Gavi eligible (i.e., Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen); these are countries that according to their low income are eligible for support from the Global Alliance on Vaccine and Immunization, while Iraq and Jordan were included because of a recent decrease in immunization coverage and contribution to the regional number of under and unimmunized children...
March 8, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543903/understanding-low-vaccine-uptake-in-the-context-of-public-health-in-high-income-countries-a-scoping-review
#4
REVIEW
Josephine Etowa, Sheryl Beauchamp, Manal Fseifes, Glory Osandatuwa, Paul Brenneman, Kudirat Salam-Alada, Rasheedaht Sulaiman, Emmanuella Okolie, Ihechi Dinneh, Samora Julmisse, Victoria Cole
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the need for the largest mass vaccination campaign ever undertaken to date, African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) populations have shown both a disproportionately high degree of negative impacts from the pandemic and the lowest willingness to become vaccinated. This scoping review aims to investigate low vaccine uptake in ACB populations relative to public health in high-income countries. A search was conducted in MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OvidSP), the Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database (Ovid SP), and the Web of Science following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews, supplemented by PRISMA-ScR...
March 4, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541344/preconception-health-of-indigenous-peoples-in-australia-canada-new-zealand-and-the-united-states-a-scoping-review
#5
REVIEW
Clara Walker, Tahmina Begum, Jacqueline A Boyle, James Ward, Federica Barzi
BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition of the importance of the preconception period for addressing reproductive and intergenerational health inequities and supporting improved maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to understand the extent and type of evidence that exists in relation to preconception health for Indigenous peoples living in high-income countries with similar experiences of colonisation, namely, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. METHODS: This review was conducted as per the JBI methodology and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews...
March 14, 2024: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539697/analogies-and-relations-between-non-additive-entropy-formulas-and-gintropy
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tamás S Biró, András Telcs, Antal Jakovác
We explore formal similarities and mathematical transformation formulas between general trace-form entropies and the Gini index, originally used in quantifying income and wealth inequalities. We utilize the notion of gintropy introduced in our earlier works as a certain property of the Lorenz curve drawn in the map of the tail-integrated cumulative population and wealth fractions. In particular, we rediscover Tsallis' q -entropy formula related to the Pareto distribution. As a novel result, we express the traditional entropy in terms of gintropy and reconstruct further non-additive formulas...
February 22, 2024: Entropy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539366/influential-social-determinants-of-adherence-to-preventive-and-health-promotion-activities-during-pregnancy-and-the-first-year-of-life-systematic-review
#7
REVIEW
Julia Romero-Barranca, Emilio Garcia-Cabrera, Encarnación Román, Angélica Quintero-Flórez, Luis Gabriel Luque-Romero, Ángel Vilches-Arenas
Effective monitoring throughout pregnancy and the first year of life is a crucial factor in achieving lower rates of maternal and infant mortality. Currently, research on socioeconomic factors that influence the lack of adherence to preventive and control measures during pregnancy and the first year of life is limited. The objective of this review is to examine the available evidence on social determinants that influence participation in health promotion and preventive activities throughout the pregnancy journey and in infants during their first year of life...
March 10, 2024: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539121/the-effect-of-social-pension-on-health-related-quality-of-life-of-the-rural-older-people-a-panel-study-from-china
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyuan Liu, Hong He, Hanzhi Gao
BACKGROUND: Social pensions, social assistance systems for older people in rural areas, have been put into place in many nations and have positively impacted health. The long-term health consequences of social pension programs in China are uncertain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term health consequences of the new rural social pension (NRSP) for the rural older people in China. METHODS: Based on the 2011 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we compared the scores on eight Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) subscales of the rural older people before and after participation in the NRSP...
March 27, 2024: BMC Geriatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537326/a-regionally-based-precision-medicine-implementation-initiative-in-north-africa-the-permedina-consortium
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yosr Hamdi, Maroua Boujemaa, Jihenne Ben Aissa-Haj, Fouzia Radouani, Meriem Khyatti, Najah Mighri, Mariem Hannachi, Kais Ghedira, Oussema Souiai, Chaima Hkimi, Mohamed Selim Kammoun, Nesrine Mejri, Hanen Bouaziz, Mohamed Amine Beloufa, Hicham Charoute, Abdelhamid Barakat, Imène Najjar, Hiroaki Taniguchi, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Koussay Dellagi, Sonia Abdelhak, Mohamed Samir Boubaker, Claudia Chica, Etienne Rouleau
Precision Medicine is being increasingly used in the developed world to improve health care. While several Precision Medicine (PM) initiatives have been launched worldwide, their implementations have proven to be more challenging particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this issue, the "Personalized Medicine in North Africa" initiative (PerMediNA) was launched in three North African countries namely Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. PerMediNA is coordinated by Institut Pasteur de Tunis together with the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, with the support of Institut Pasteur in France...
March 26, 2024: Translational Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536971/quality-of-life-of-women-who-underwent-breast-cancer-treatment-relative-to-sociodemographic-behavioral-and-clinical-factors
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angélica Atala Lombelo Campos, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Rafaela Russi Ervilha, Vivian Assis Fayer, Jane Rocha Duarte Cintra, Renata Mendes de Freitas, Daniela Pereira de Almeida, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra
OBJECTIVE: Patients with cancer often undergo multiple extended treatments that decrease their quality of life. However, the quality of life of women with breast cancer after they undergo treatment remains underexplored in Brazil. Therefore, this study determined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors related to the post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 101 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016 and treated at a Brazilian Oncology Reference Service...
2024: Einstein
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536598/state-level-firearm-laws-and-firearm-homicide-in-us-cities-heterogenous-associations-by-city-characteristics
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Byoungjun Kim, Lorna E Thorpe, Ben R Spoer, Andrea R Titus, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Magdalena Cerdá, Marc N Gourevitch, Ellicott C Matthay
Despite well-studied associations of state firearm laws with lower state- and county-level firearm homicide, there is a shortage of studies investigating differences in the effects of distinct state firearm law categories on various cities within the same state using identical methods. We examined associations of 5 categories of state firearm laws-pertaining to buyers, dealers, domestic violence, gun type/trafficking, and possession-with city-level firearm homicide, and then tested differential associations by city characteristics...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Urban Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533906/social-determinants-associated-with-substance-use-and-treatment-seeking-in-females-of-reproductive-age-in-the-united-states
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Holly Horan, Alyssa Thompson, Kendall Willard, Emmily Mobley, Justin McDaniel, Ellen Robertson, Shanna McIntosh, David L Albright
Introduction: Females of reproductive age (FoRA; 15-49 years) are the demographic most likely to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder. Preventative treatment prior to or during pregnancy is critical. Stigma and social inequities can delay access to care. There is limited research examining social determinants of health (SDoH) and how they are related to substance use and treatment seeking in this demographic. Methods: We analyzed the 2016-2019 data from the United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health using multivariable logistic regression models...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Women's Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533441/is-society-caught-up-in-a-death-spiral-modeling-societal-demise-and-its-reversal
#13
REVIEW
Michaéla C Schippers, John P A Ioannidis, Matthias W J Luijks
Just like an army of ants caught in an ant mill, individuals, groups and even whole societies are sometimes caught up in a Death Spiral, a vicious cycle of self-reinforcing dysfunctional behavior characterized by continuous flawed decision making, myopic single-minded focus on one (set of) solution(s), denial, distrust, micromanagement, dogmatic thinking and learned helplessness. We propose the term Death Spiral Effect to describe this difficult-to-break downward spiral of societal decline. Specifically, in the current theory-building review we aim to: (a) more clearly define and describe the Death Spiral Effect; (b) model the downward spiral of societal decline as well as an upward spiral; (c) describe how and why individuals, groups and even society at large might be caught up in a Death Spiral; and (d) offer a positive way forward in terms of evidence-based solutions to escape the Death Spiral Effect...
2024: Frontiers in sociology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529318/the-impact-of-health-literacy-on-uterine-fibroid-awareness-diagnosis-and-treatment-in-the-united-states-a-mini-literature-review
#14
REVIEW
Joyvina Evans
Limited health literacy is a social health determinant leading to poor health outcomes. General and health literacy correlate and can impact diagnosis and treatment understanding. Limited literacy can lead to women receiving more significant rates of invasive surgical treatment, including hysterectomies. This review explores the impact of health literacy levels on uterine fibroid awareness, diagnosis, and treatment. PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Premier searched articles published between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022...
2024: Front Reprod Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527067/socioeconomic-inequality-and-urban-rural-disparity-of-antenatal-care-visits-in-bangladesh-a-trend-and-decomposition-analysis
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Biplab Biswas, Nishith Kumar, Md Matiur Rahaman, Sukanta Das, Md Aminul Hoque
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequality in antenatal care visits is a great concern in developing countries including Bangladesh; however, there is a scarcity of investigation to assess the factors of inequality and these changes over time. In this study, we investigated the trend of socioeconomic inequalities (2004-2017) in 1+ANC and 4+ANC visits, and extracted determinants contributions to the observed inequalities and urban-rural disparities in Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2017...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526600/the-effects-of-extreme-heat-on-human-health-in-tropical-africa
#16
REVIEW
Joshua Jonah Kunda, Simon N Gosling, Giles M Foody
This review examines high-quality research evidence that synthesises the effects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa. Web of Science (WoS) was used to identify research articles on the effects extreme heat, humidity, Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), apparent temperature, wind, Heat Index, Humidex, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), heatwave, high temperature and hot climate on human health, human comfort, heat stress, heat rashes, and heat-related morbidity and mortality. A total of 5, 735 articles were initially identified, which were reduced to 100 based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria...
March 25, 2024: International Journal of Biometeorology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526118/socioeconomic-inequality-in-prostate-cancer-diagnostics-primary-treatment-rehabilitation-and-mortality-in-sweden
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ulf Strömberg, Anders Berglund, Stefan Carlsson, Camilla Thellenberg Karlsson, Mats Lambe, Ingela Franck Lissbrant, Pär Stattin, Ola Bratt
We designed a nationwide study to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors (household income and education) and different aspects of prostate cancer care, considering both individual- and neighbourhood-level variables. Data were obtained from Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe), a research database with data from several national health care registers including clinical characteristics and treatments for nearly all men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Sweden. Four outcomes were analysed: use of pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2018-2020 (n = 11,843), primary treatment of high-risk non-metastatic disease in 2016-2020 (n = 6633), rehabilitation (≥2 dispensed prescriptions for erectile dysfunction within 1 year from surgery in 2016-2020, n = 6505), and prostate cancer death in 7770 men with high-risk non-metastatic disease diagnosed in 2010-2016...
March 25, 2024: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International du Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525617/artificial-intelligence-ai-or-augmented-intelligence-how-big-data-and-ai-are-transforming-healthcare-challenges-and-opportunities
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Moodley
The sanctity of the doctor-patient relationship is deeply embedded in tradition - the Hippocratic oath, medical ethics, professional codes of conduct, and legislation - all of which are being disrupted by big data and 'artificial' intelligence (AI). The transition from paper-based records to electronic health records, wearables, mobile health applications and mobile phone data has created new opportunities to scale up data collection. Databases of unimaginable magnitude can be harnessed to develop algorithms for AI and to refine machine learning...
December 31, 2023: South African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525331/early-national-trends-in-non-abortion-reproductive-care-access-after-roe
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junying Zhao, Aaron Zahn, Samuel C Pang, Tony S Quang, Janis Campbell, Perry N Halkitis
BACKGROUND: Roe was overturned in 2022. No peer-reviewed evidence exists for the indirect spillover effects of overturning Roe on non-abortion reproductive care access for diverse patient populations. METHODS: National data were from 2013-2023 HHS Title X Directory, 2013-2020 CDC Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART) Surveillance and 2021-2023 manual collection, and Guttmacher Institute. Outcome measures included numbers of ART clinics and Title X entities...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522246/the-association-between-allostatic-load-and-guaranteed-annual-income-using-the-canadian-longitudinal-study-on-aging-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-benefits-of-guaranteed-public-pensions
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luke Duignan, Daniel J Dutton
BACKGROUND: Old Age Security (OAS) represents an public policy through which income-related inequalities in health may be improved. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the health benefits of receiving OAS in financially insecure older Canadians. METHODS: Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n=15,691), ordered logistic regression was used to measure associations between financial insecurity and allostatic load. RESULTS: Receiving OAS as highest personal income source appeared to remove the health penalty of being financially insecure...
March 20, 2024: Health Policy
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