Artificial limbs

Despite its rich history of success in controlling powered prostheses and emerging commercial interests in ubiquitous computing, myoelectric control continues to suffer from a lack of robustness. In particular, EMG-based systems often degrade over prolonged use resulting in tedious recalibration sessions, user frustration, and device abandonment. Unsupervised adaptation is one proposed solution that updates a model's parameters over time based on its own predictions during real-time use to maintain robustness without requiring additional user input or dedicated recalibration...

Ischaemic diseases such as critical limb ischaemia and myocardial infarction affect millions of people worldwide1 . Transplanting endothelial cells (ECs) is a promising therapy in vascular medicine, but engrafting ECs typically necessitates co-transplanting perivascular supporting cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which makes clinical implementation complicated2,3 . The mechanisms that enable MSCs to facilitate EC engraftment remain elusive. Here we show that, under cellular stress, MSCs transfer mitochondria to ECs through tunnelling nanotubes, and that blocking this transfer impairs EC engraftment...

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) software package (Boneview Trauma, Gleamer) for the detection of post-traumatic bone fractures in radiography as a standalone; (b) used by two radiologists (osteoarticular senior and junior); and (c) to determine to whom AI would be most helpful. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 14 days of a trauma, 101 consecutive patients underwent radiographic examination of the upper or lower limbs...

Transtibial prosthetic users do often struggle to achieve an optimal prosthetic fit, leading to residual limb pain and stump-socket instability. Prosthetists face challenges in objectively assessing the impact of prosthetic adjustments on residual limb loading. Understanding the mechanical behaviour of the pseudo-joint formed by the residual bone and prosthesis may facilitate prosthetic adjustments and achieving optimal fit. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using B-mode ultrasound to monitor in vivo residual bone movement within a transtibial prosthetic socket during different stepping tasks...

BACKGROUND: Relative motion between the residual limb and socket in individuals with transtibial limb loss can lead to substantial consequences that limit mobility. Although assessments of the relative motion between the residual limb and socket have been performed, there remains a substantial gap in understanding the complex mechanics of the residual limb-socket interface during dynamic activities that limits the ability to improve socket design. However, dynamic stereo x-ray (DSX) is an advanced imaging technology that can quantify 3D bone movement and skin deformation inside a socket during dynamic activities...

BACKGROUND: Oral implant surgery is an effective procedure for artificial implants in missing tooth areas under local anesthesia. Because patients under local anesthesia are conscious during this procedure, compared with general anesthesia-related operations, they are more likely to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety and tension. These emotional reactions result in shivering and chills in the limbs, leading to poor doctor-patient cooperation and even avoidance of treatment...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, ChatGPT has become a popular source of information online. Physicians need to be aware of the resources their patients are using to self-inform of their conditions. This study investigates physician-graded accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT regarding various questions patients are likely to ask the artificial intelligence (AI) system concerning common upper limb orthopedic conditions. METHODS: ChatGPT 3.5 was interrogated concerning 5 common orthopedic hand conditions: carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren contracture, De Quervain tenosynovitis, trigger finger, and carpal metacarpal arthritis...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a leading cause of low back pain and lower limbs pain often associated with functional impairment which entails the loss or the impairment of independence in older adults. Conservative treatment is effective in a small percentage of patients, while a significant percentage undergo surgery, even if often without a complete resolution of clinical symptoms and motor deficits. The aim of the study is to identify clinical and demographic prognostic factors characterising the patients who would benefit most from surgical treatment in relation to the functional independence recovery using an innovative approach based on an artificial neural network...

Distantly related mammals (e.g. jerboa, tarsiers, kangaroos) have convergently evolved elongated hindlimbs relative to body size. Limb elongation is hypothesized to make these species more effective jumpers by increasing their kinetic energy output (through greater forces or acceleration distances), thereby increasing take-off velocity and jump distance. This hypothesis, however, has rarely been tested at the population level, where natural selection operates. We examined the relationship between limb length, muscular traits, and dynamics using Longshanks mice, which were selectively bred over 22 generations for longer tibiae...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the short-term effectiveness of hip revision surgery guided by artificial intelligence preoperative planning (AIHIP) system. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients (23 hips) who were admitted between June 2019 and March 2023 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 10 females with an average age of 69.7 years (range, 44-90 years). There were 19 hips in the first revision, 3 hips in the second revision, and 1 hip in the third revision...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has made breakthroughs in spinal cord neural injury and restoration in recent years. It has a positive impact on clinical treatment. This study explores AI research's progress and hotspots in spinal cord neural injury and restoration. It also analyzes research shortcomings related to this area and proposes potential solutions. METHODS: We used CiteSpace 6.1.R6 and VOSviewer 1.6.19 to research WOS articles on AI research in spinal cord neural injury and restoration...

INTRODUCTION: Despite recent technological advances that have led to sophisticated bionic prostheses, attaining embodied solutions still remains a challenge. Recently, the investigation of prosthetic embodiment has become a topic of interest in the research community, which deals with enhancing the perception of artificial limbs as part of users' own body. Surface electromyography (sEMG) interfaces have emerged as a promising technology for enhancing upper-limb prosthetic control. However, little is known about the impact of these sEMG interfaces on users' experience regarding embodiment and their interaction with different functional levels...

BACKGROUND: With the in-depth development of assistive treatment devices, the application of artificial knee joints in the rehabilitation of amputees is becoming increasingly mature. The length of residual limbs and muscle strength of patients have individual differences, and the current artificial knee joint lacks certain adaptability in the personalized rehabilitation of patients. PURPOSE: In order to deeply analyze the impact of different types of artificial knee joints on the walking function of unilateral thigh amputees, improve the performance of artificial knee joints, and enhance the rehabilitation effect of patients, this article combines image processing technology to conduct in-depth research on the walking gait analysis of different artificial knee joints of unilateral thigh amputees...

BACKGROUND: This study proposed an automatic surgical planning system for high tibial osteotomy (HTO) using deep learning-based artificial intelligence and validated its accuracy. The system simulates osteotomy and measures lower-limb alignment parameters in pre- and post-osteotomy simulations. METHODS: A total of 107 whole-leg standing radiographs were obtained from 107 patients who underwent HTO. First, the system detected anatomical landmarks on radiographs. Then, it simulated osteotomy and automatically measured five parameters in pre- and post-osteotomy simulation (hip knee angle [HKA], weight-bearing line ratio [WBL ratio], mechanical lateral distal femoral angle [mLDFA], mechanical medial proximal tibial angle [mMPTA], and mechanical lateral distal tibial angle [mLDTA])...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to elucidate the methodology and assess the efficacy of the aortic arch inclusion technique using an artificial blood vessel in managing acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 18 patients (11 males and 7 females, average age: 56.2 ± 8.6 years) diagnosed with ATAAD who underwent total aortic arch replacement (TAAR) using an artificial vascular "inclusion" between June 2020 and October 2022...

BACKGROUND: Perhaps nowhere else in the healthcare system than in the intensive care unit environment are the challenges to create useful models with direct time-critical clinical applications more relevant and the obstacles to achieving those goals more massive. Machine learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to define states and predict future events are commonplace activities of modern life. However, their penetration into acute care medicine has been slow, stuttering and uneven...

No previous studies have reported the use of a percutaneous suture technique performed by bedside intensivists for site closure during decannulation without direct artery repair in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) cases. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this alternative approach. This retrospective study included 26 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous VA-ECMO decannulation at Maoming People's Hospital. Bedside percutaneous suture technique performed by intensivists facilitated cannula site closure...

Peripheral artery disease is a major atherosclerotic disease that is associated with poor outcomes such as limb loss, cardiovascular morbidity, and death. Artificial intelligence has seen increasing integration in medicine, and its various applications can optimize the care of peripheral artery disease patients in diagnosis, predicting patient outcomes, and imaging interpretation. In this review, we introduce various artificial intelligence applications such as natural language processing, supervised machine learning, and deep learning, and we analyze the current literature in which these algorithms have been applied to peripheral artery disease...

PURPOSE: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has revolutionized diagnostics, optimizing precision and decision-making. Specifically in musculoskeletal imaging, AI tools can improve accuracy for upper extremity pathologies. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of AI models in detecting musculoskeletal pathologies of the upper extremity using different imaging modalities. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted, involving searches on MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and SciELO...

A 79-year-old man was admitted for 2 weeks of dizziness, followed by diplopia, involuntary movement and progressive gait disturbances. Neurologic examination revealed horizontal and vertical gaze paresis, bilateral choreiform movement with orofacial dyskinesia, and limb/truncal ataxia. MRI revealed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image-hyperintense signal abnormalities in the dorsal midbrain, pontine and medulla. Within another few days, the patient developed type II acute respiratory failure requiring artificial invasive ventilation...