pancreatic diabetes

BACKGROUND: Anamorelin is a selective ghrelin receptor agonist approved for cancer cachexia in Japan. Little is known about predictors of anamorelin efficacy. This study aimed to assess the effect of diabetes on the efficacy and safety of anamorelin in patients with cancer cachexia. METHODS: Medical records of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung, gastric, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer who received anamorelin between January 2021 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a collection of metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reactions in the development of DM. Curcumin (CUR), a natural compound derived from turmeric, exerts beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus through its interaction with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Research indicates that CUR targets inflammatory mediators in diabetes, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway...

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential risk of acute pancreatitis with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) newly initiating empagliflozin. METHODS: Data from two large US claims databases were analyzed in an observational study of patients with T2D receiving metformin who were newly prescribed empagliflozin versus sulfonylurea (SU). Because dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have been associated with the risk of acute pancreatitis in some studies, patients on these agents were excluded...

The use of dulaglutide, a common medication for managing type 2 diabetes, rarely causes elevated pancreatic tumour markers. Here, we report the case of a woman in her mid-60s with diabetes for over 10 years. The patient presented with markedly elevated serum CA19-9 and CA242 levels revealed during a routine health examination despite being asymptomatic. She had been receiving dulaglutide injections for 16 months. Imaging and interventional assessments did not reveal any hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal or pancreatic neoplasm...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.) is the dried mature fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, a plant in the Magnoliaceae family. It was used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Jade Fluid Decoction and the Xiaoke pills, which were recorded in ancient books. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was unclear and needs further study. AIM OF THE STUDY: This research aimed to investigate the chemical composition and lignan content of Schisandra sphenanthera petroleum ether parts (SPEP) and to evaluate the effects of SPEP on sweet taste receptors (STRs) and intestinal flora in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD)...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus is the metabolic disorder most prevalent globally, accounting for a substantial morbidity rate. The conventional drugs available for the management of diabetes are either expensive or lack the required efficacy. The purpose of this research is to isolate and characterize an active phytoconstituent from Coccinia grandis and assess its anti-diabetic properties. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Stems of Coccinia grandis are subjected to successive extraction and isolation...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Defensins play a crucial role in the innate immune system's first defense against microbial threats. However, little is known about the defensin system in the pancreas, especially in relation to Type 1 diabetes. We explore the expression of defensins in different disease stages of Type 1 diabetes and correlated obtained findings to the degree of inflammation, providing new insights into the disease and the innate immune system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pancreases from non-diabetic human organ donors of different age groups and donors with Type 1 diabetes with different disease duration were examined...

Elevated blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for developing metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts have the potential to inhibit α-amylase activity, and so lower postprandial glucose, due to their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the ability of extracts from commonly consumed edible parts of nuts to inhibit α-amylase. Among the 31 included papers, only four utilised human α-amylases...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic conditions affecting about 5% of people worldwide. High mortality associated with DM is mostly due to its severe clinical complications, including diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural, biologically active polyphenol known to have various health-promoting effects in animal models and humans. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we have reviewed the preventive and therapeutic role of RSV on diabetes complications with emphasis on its molecular mechanisms of action...

AIM: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are two new classes of antidiabetic agents. We aimed to evaluate the association between these two drug classes and risk of various vascular diseases, digestive diseases and fractures. METHODS: Large randomized trials of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs were included. Outcomes of interest were the various serious adverse events related to vascular diseases, digestive diseases and fractures...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to better understand how the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin contributes to the development of β-cell dysfunction and to explore its relationship with mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to investigate this hypothesis, doxorubicin was administered to INS-1 cells, a rat insulinoma cell line, either with or without several target protein activators and inhibitors. ALDH2 activity was detected with a commercial kit and protein levels were determined with western blot...

Thermogenesis in beige/brown adipose tissues can be leveraged to combat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. The complement system plays pleiotropic roles in metabolic homeostasis and organismal energy balance with canonical effects on immune cells and non-canonical effects on non-immune cells. The adipsin/C3a/C3aR1 pathway stimulates insulin secretion and sustains pancreatic beta cell mass. However, its role in adipose thermogenesis has not been defined. Here, we show that male Adipsin/Cfd knockout mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning...

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, and novel regulators of insulin secretion are desirable. Here we report that the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) is expressed in β-cells and is up-regulated in hyperglycemic states in mice and humans. We found that succinate acts as a hormone-like metabolite and stimulates insulin secretion via a SUCNR1-Gq-PKC-dependent mechanism in human β-cells. Mice with β-cell-specific Sucnr1 deficiency exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion on a high-fat diet, indicating that SUCNR1 is essential for preserving insulin secretion in diet-induced insulin resistance...

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the evolution of clinical and anthropometric characteristics of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) over 24 months, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A longitudinal study with data collection from May 2018 to November 2020 in physical and electronic records from a pediatric reference center, including individuals with CF aged up to 18 years. RESULTS: The sample encompassed 72 individuals...

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that acts as endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Few studies have investigated the effects of Cd exposure on metabolic dysfunctions, such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Thus, we assessed whether subacute Cd exposure at occupational levels causes abnormalities in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. We administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) (100 ppm in drinking water for 30 days) to female rats and evaluated Cd levels in serum and metabolic organs, morphophysiology, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and gene expression...

Variations in serum amino acid levels are linked to a multitude of complex disorders. We report the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on nine serum amino acids in the UK Biobank participants (117 944, European descent). We identified 34 genomic loci for circulatory levels of alanine, 48 loci for glutamine, 44 loci for glycine, 16 loci for histidine, 11 loci for isoleucine, 19 loci for leucine, 9 loci for phenylalanine, 32 loci for tyrosine and 20 loci for valine. Our gene-based analysis mapped 46-293 genes associated with serum amino acids, including MIP ,  GLS2 , SLC  gene family, GCKR , LMO1 , CPS1  and COBLL1 ...

This study aims to evaluate the role of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from an inflammatory perspective. The focus was on exploring how TFF3 affects the function of T cells. TFF3 overexpression model was constructed using lentivirus in Jurkat cell lines. We evaluated the impact of TFF3 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and IL-17A levels of Jurkat cells cultured in high glucose. The T2DM model was induced in TFF3 knockout (KO) mice through streptozotocin combined with high-fat diet...

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP) presents clinical challenges due to insulin secretory defects and associated metabolic alterations. Owing to lack of molecular understanding, no pharmacotherapies to treat insulin secretory defects have been approved to date. We aimed to delineate the molecular mechanism of β-cell dysfunction in CP. METHODS: Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify endocrine specific receptor expression in mice and human CP on microarray...

A 77-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to left upper abdominal pain, appetite loss and body weight loss for 1 month. Her past medical history was diabetes and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). She had no fever and physical examination revealed mild tenderness in the left upper abdomen. Blood tests showed elevated inflammatory response with normal serum pancreatic enzymes. Contrast-enhanced CT showed marked swelling of the pancreatic tail, increased peripancreatic fatty tissue density, multiple IPMNs and obscuration of the enlarged main pancreatic duct at the tail...

N6 -methyladenine (m6 A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5 C) are two common forms of RNA methylation that play an important role in the epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One type of cell death, ferroptosis, has been implicated in islet β-cell damage in T2DM. Notably, RNA methylation, an upstream regulatory mechanism of mRNAs, can regulate the expression of ferroptosis signaling molecules, thereby affecting cell proliferation and death. Here, we found that the ferroptosis signaling pathway was activated in pancreas of T2DM rats, followed by significant changes in m6 A/m5 C modification regulatory molecules...