ECG changes

Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (D2 RO) is a key feature of all currently approved antipsychotic medications. However, antipsychotic efficacy associated with high D2 RO is often limited by side effects such as motor disturbances and hyperprolactinemia. Lumateperone (ITI-007) is a first-in-class selective and simultaneous modulator of serotonin, dopamine and glutamate in development for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders. The primary objective of the present study was to determine D2 RO at plasma steady state of 60 mg ITI-007, a dose that previously demonstrated antipsychotic efficacy in a controlled trial, administered orally open-label once daily in the morning for two weeks in patients with schizophrenia (N = 10) and after at least a two-week washout period from standard of care antipsychotics...

CONTEXT: Methadone is a long-acting opioid known for its unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Most research on methadone in children is limited to its effect on the prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval. OBJECTIVES: To better understand the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of pediatric palliative care physicians regarding the use of methadone in children with advanced cancer. METHODS: A survey was sent to The American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Hospice and Palliative Medicine LISTSERV®...

Chronic high altitude hypoxia leads to an increase in red cell numbers and hemoglobin concentration. However, the effects of long-term intermittent hypoxia on hemoglobin concentration have not fully been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemoglobin levels in workers commuting between an elevation of 3,800 m (2-week working shift) and lowland below 1,700 m (2 weeks of holiday). A total of 266 healthy males, aged from 20 to 69 years (mean age 45.9 ± 0.6 years), were included into this study. The duration of intermittent high altitude exposure ranged from 0 to 21 years...

The objective of this study was to measure ballistocardiogram (BCG) based time intervals and compare them with systolic blood pressure values. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and BCG signals of six subjects sitting in a chair were measured with a ferroelectret film sensor. Time intervals between ECG R peak and BCG I and J waves were calculated to obtain RJ, RI and IJ intervals. The time intervals were modified with two cardiovascular provocations, controlled breathing and Valsalva maneuver. The controlled breathing changed all the time intervals (RJ, RI and IJ) whereas the Valsalva maneuver mainly caused variations in the RJ and RI intervals...

Respiration rate and variability are indicators of health-condition changes. In chronic disease management, it is becoming increasingly desirable to use wearable devices in order to minimize invasiveness and maximize comfort. However, not all wearable devices integrate sensors for direct acquisition of respiratory (DAR) signal. In these cases, the breathing extraction can be done through indirect methods, typically from the electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of the present study is to propose a single-ECG-lead procedure based on the Segmented-Beat Modulation Method (SBMM) as a suitable tool for ECG-derived respiratory (EDR) signal estimation and respiration frequency (RF) identification...

This study explored the autonomic nervous system (ANS) adaptation in relation to exercise and how this correlates with the ratings of perceived exertion (Borg-RPE) over four ranges 6-8; 9-12; 13-16; 17-20, by using the time domain parameters and the multi-lag Tone-Entropy (T-E) of heart rate variability (HRV). ECG signals were collected from ten subjects who were recruited to participate in a graded exercise protocol on a treadmill. Results showed that SDNN and RMSSD decreased from lower to higher Borg-RPE, indicating a decrease in HRV...

Smart garments for invisible health sensing have been available for a number of years, with heart sensing typically performed using silver loaded conductive threads integrated into the fabric to pick up the electrocardiogram. Recent work has investigated printed graphene textiles as an alternative to this, which are potentially more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and can be performed after garment manufacturing. This paper presents an exploration of second order factors on the performance of graphene textile electrodes for electrocardiogram measurements...

Listening to music has been known to affect autonomic function of cardiovascular regulation. Baroreflex is a feedback control loop that uses rate changes of the heart in order to regulate beat by beat changes in blood pressure (BP). In this study, we used two approaches to compute measures of sensitivity of the baroreflex (BRS), a time domain sequence approach and frequency domain transfer functions. Subjects listened to slow and fast tempo songs during the study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and non-invasive continuous BP were recorded in 14 subjects (7 males and females)...

Baroreceptors respond to fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) by modifying physiology in order to maintain a homeostatic set point. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is used to quantify baroreceptor function and is a useful metric for tracking cardiovascular disease state and treatment effects. Pathological conditions such as hypertension (HTN) alter baroreflex function and reduce BRS. Traditionally, the sequence method is used to measure BRS, in which the linear slope of concomitant changes in BP and RR intervals are assessed...

Physical, environmental and psychological stressors can lead to chronic diseases. Changes in physiological parameters during stress can be evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV). A study is conducted with one participant on a daily basis over six months. Bathtub ECG is measured during his daily bathing and used for HRV analysis. The HRV stress index (SI) is proposed to quantity the stress in the study. SI is computed and found to be significantly higher in either mental stress or physiological stress...

There is growing evidence of palliative effects of listening to songs on neural and cardiovascular function. It is also known that listening to songs can entrain cardiac variability. These results suggest that the neural changes in response to listening to songs in turn affect cardiac rhythm. How these effects come about is less clearly known. Therefore, investigation of the changes in neural rhythms that are synchronous with cardiac rhythm is likely to shed further light on the mechanisms via which songs produce these effects...

Unobtrusive monitoring of physio-behavioral variables from animals can minimize variability in preclinical research and thereby maximize the potential for clinical translation. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and validation of an instrumented nest providing continuous recordings of seismocardiogram (SCG) signals and skin temperature. SCG represents the chest-wall vibrations associated with the heartbeat, and can potentially provide a measure by which individual heartbeats can be detected without the need for electrodes or implantable devices...

Autonomic cardiac activity during sleep has been widely studied. Research has mostly focused on cardiac activity between different sleep stages and wakefulness as well as between normal and pathological sleep. This work investigates autonomic activity changes during sleep onset in healthy subjects with long and short sleep onset latency (SOL). Polysomnography (PSG) and electrocardiography (ECG) were simultaneously recorded in 186 healthy subjects during a single night. Autonomic activity was assessed based on frequency domain analysis of RR intervals and results show that the analysis of RR intervals differs significantly between the short SOL and the long SOL groups...

Arrhythmia refers to any abnormal change from the normal electrical impulses of the heart. Some arrhythmias are manifested as abnormal heartbeat. Effective heartbeat classification is helpful for computer aided diagnosis. Conventional heartbeat classification methods work on information of multiple leads, and need heuristic or hand-crafted feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a new heartbeat classification approach based on a recent deep learning architecture called multi-scale convolutional neural networks (MCNN)...

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Some research has suggested studies have shown that modification of ganglionated plexuses (GP), performed with PVI, could lead to even better outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PVI on the autonomic system. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used as a marker of autonomic system activity. Twenty-six PAF patients underwent PVI (PVI group) and twenty patients underwent PVI plus a GP ablation (GP group)...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vivo feasibility of aortography with one accurately timed diastolic low-volume contrast injection for quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: With the rise of a minimalistic approach for TAVR, aortography (re)emerges as a pragmatic tool for AR assessment. In a mock circulation system, we have validated the accuracy of a single diastolic injection triggered by electrocardiogram (ECG) with low-contrast volume...

Introduction: Head-out water immersion (HOWI) results in diuresis, which could potentially limit performance after egress to land. We examined the effect of rehydration on endurance, cardiovascular stability, and overnight recovery following a four-hour thermoneutral HOWI on 12 subjects. Methods: Twelve males completed a crossover design consisting of no hydration, replacement of fluid loss during immersion (RD), and replacement of fluid after the immersion period (RA)...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic therapy are well-established treatments in acute coronary syndromes. Highly sensitive assays have diminished the positive predictive value of troponin in acute coronary syndromes and increased the importance of the clinical assessment in interpreting positive results. This cohort study sought to investigate over-treatment of non-coronary troponin rises and associated adverse outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed 223 consecutive patients presenting to Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, with suspected acute coronary syndromes over a six-week period...

Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on inelastic light scattering due to rotational and vibrational modes of molecular bonds. It has been shown that Raman spectra provide chemical signatures of changes in biological tissues in different diseases, and this technique can be employed in label-free monitoring and clinical diagnosis of several diseases, including cardiovascular studies...

BACKGROUND: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and specific ventricular pathology. Repolarization abnormalities, the significant contributor to life-threatening arrhythmias and mortality, are frequently observed ECG changes in patients with ARVC. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc ratio, and traditional electrocardiographic features of electrical dispersion in patients with ARVC...