Thyroid cancer

Thyroid nodules (TNs) are pathological changes characterized by abnormal proliferation of thyroid gland tissue. Approximately 19% to 67% of asymptomatic individuals are diagnosed with TNs, with the majority being benign nodules and 4% to 6.5% being thyroid cancer nodules. Western medicine recommends regular examinations and surgery, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides an alternative choice to maintain thyroid function and reduce the need for surgery. However, in Taiwan, research on TCM treatment for benign TNs is primarily limited to case reports, lacking large-scale and systematic clinical studies...

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PURPOSE: B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9), a key transcription co-activator of the Wnt pathway, contributed to tumor progression and metastasis in various tumors, whereas, the role of BCL9 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been investigated. METHODS: We acquired PTC gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Fifty-nine PTC tissues were applied to validate the clinical significance of BCL9. Cell experiments were applied to investigate the role of BCL9...

OBJECTIVE: Metastatic spinal tumors represent a rare but concerning complication of primary thyroid carcinoma. We identified demographics, metastatic features, outcomes, and treatment strategies for these tumors in our institutional cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients surgically treated for spinal metastases of primary thyroid carcinoma. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities were collected. The functional outcomes were quantified using Nurik, Modified Rankin, and Karnofsky Scores...

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, with cancer being one of the leading causes. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of endocrine disorders, specifically diabetes and thyroid dysfunction, in patients with advanced metastatic cancer undergoing cancer-directed therapy. METHODS: Over 15 months, we recruited 100 histologically proven advanced metastatic cancer patients from the Department of Medical Oncology Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, and conducted institutional-based prospective observational study...

BACKGROUND: PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome results from a mutation in the PTEN gene located at 10q23.31. This syndrome represents a spectrum of different phenotypes of variable expressions, now recognized as part of the same condition. Patients with this mutation have an increased risk of developing a wide range of findings, including malignancies. Although widely described in adults, there are no large series describing the imaging findings in patients before adulthood. Knowledge of the findings seen in children and adolescents with PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome can help guide further management and improve surveillance recommendations...

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BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a frequent adverse event during systemic treatments for advanced thyroid cancer, often leading to reduction, interruption or discontinuation. We were the first group to demonstrate a correlation between fatigue and primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). AIM: To assess the entire adrenal function in patients on systemic treatments. METHODS: ACTH, cortisol and all the hormones produced by the adrenal gland were evaluated monthly in 36 patients (25 on lenvatinib, 6 on vandetanib, and 5 on selpercatinib)...

Introduction Two-thirds of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have radioiodine (RAI)-resistant disease, resulting in poor prognosis and high mortality. For rare NTRK and RET fusion-positive metastatic, RAI-resistant thyroid cancers, variable success of re-induction of RAI-avidity during treatment with NTRK or RET inhibitors has been reported. Case Presentation and Discussion: We report two cases with RAI-resistant lung metastases treated with larotrectinib: 83-year-old male presenting with an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion-positive tumor with the TERT promoter mutation c...

We aimed to evaluate the impact of fellowship training (FT) for thyroid specialists on the outcomes of patients with thyroid cancer. We reviewed surgeries performed for thyroid cancer before (non-FT group) and after (FT group) fellowship training and compared several variables, including length of stay of patients, tumor diameter, surgical method, lymph node dissection, parathyroid implantation, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications. Compared with the non-FT group, the FT group had a shorter hospital stay, more adequate fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid, less intraoperative blood loss, higher rate of parathyroid implantation, higher lymph node dissection rate, and lower nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism rates...

AIM: As a classic theranostic radiopharmaceutical, radioiodine (131 I) has been utilized in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for more than 8 decades, and the refinement of its clinical practice has been raised recently. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a diagnostic (Dx) 131 I scan in optimizing the indication of initial radioiodine oncolytic treatment (ROT) for metastatic DTC by predicting therapeutic outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients (Dx positive, n=29; Dx negative, n=71) were eligible for patient-based analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the potential factors influencing new-onset postoperative transient vocal cord paralysis (VCP) in thyroid cancer patients. METHODS: Case information of 8,340 thyroid cancer patients hospitalized at XX from January 2018 to December 2020 was collected retrospectively and analyzed. The possible influencing factors were analyzed using a chi-square test, rank-sum test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was used to construct the clinical prediction model that was validated in the validation set by ROC, calibration curves, and DCA...

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a transcription factor that mediates a variety of biological functions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although there is growing evidence of cytological and animal studies supporting the suppressive role of VDR in cancers, the conclusion is still controversial in human cancers and no systematic pan-cancer analysis of VDR is available. We explored the relationships between VDR expression and prognosis, immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment or gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in 33 types of human cancers based on multiple public databases and R software...

Cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma is a rare type of thyroid cancer. It has a strong association with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a hereditary genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to the development of numerous polyps in the colon and rectum. We describe the case of a young female patient who presented with an enlarging goiter, notably without detectable thyroid nodules or masses on ultrasound, who after total thyroidectomy was found to have cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma. This diagnosis led to genetic testing and diagnosis of FAP syndrome...

BACKGROUND: Active surveillance has been an option for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, whether delayed surgery leads to an increased risk of local tumor metastasis remain unclear. We sought to investigate the impact of observation time on central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and multifocal disease in patients with low-risk PTC. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with asymptomatic low-risk PTC, and with a pathological maximum tumor size ≤1...

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element present as selenocysteine (SeCys) in selenoproteins, which have an important role in thyroid metabolism and the redox system in humans. Se deficiency affects between 500 and 1000 million people worldwide. Increasing Se intake can prevent from bacterial and viral infections. Se deficiency has been associated with cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, decreased thyroid function, and male infertility. Se intake depends on the food consumed which is directly related to the amount of Se in the soil as well as on its availability...

Statistical benchmark data are necessary when considering the basis for radiation protection criteria based on calculated risks. We herein focused on baseline mortality and incidence cancer rates as benchmark data collected from 33 countries. Furthermore, we calculated the lifetime mortality and incidence risks and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for all solid cancers, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia using the baseline cancer rates and compared them among the countries...

Thyroid cancer (THCA) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and has been rising at the fastest rate in recent years. Long-stranded non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) have been associated with immunotherapy efficacy and cancer prognosis. However, how m6A-associated lncRNAs (mrlncRNAs) affect the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer is unclear. Therefore, this study utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to provide thyroid cancer-related transcriptomic data and related clinical data...

OBJECTIVE(S): Endoscopic thyroidectomy, such as axillary, areola and transoral approaches, offer the advantage of a good cosmetic outcome, but it requires a wider dissection field compared to open thyroidectomy. Recently, chest-collarbone approach thyroidectomy has been widely developed in China because of its shorter anatomical route compared to other endoscopic approaches. This study retrospectively evaluated endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-collarbone approach in patients with thyroid nodules to determine its feasibility...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Little is known about malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) complicating the metastatic spread of non-bronchogenic solid cancers (NBC) and their bronchoscopic management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of this population and determine prognostic factors before therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB). METHODS: In this multicenter study using the EpiGETIF registry, we analysed patients treated with TB for MCAO caused by NBC between January 2019 and December 2022...