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The purpose of this study was to compare various formulas for idealized proportions of the maxillary incisors to the actual dimensions of natural teeth. The Mondelli formula 1 (MF1), Mondelli formula 2 (MF2), Albers formula (AF), esthetic proportion (EP) for width and height of anterior teeth, and golden ratio (GR) were calculated for a total of 50 dental students (30 women and 20 men) who participated in the study. The following measurements were obtained directly in the participant's mouth with a digital caliper: the mesiodistal and incisogingival dimensions of the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines; the intercanine distance; and the smile width...

Hypertrophic scars can have significant and far-reaching effects on patients that range from itching to creating difficulty with mobility, all of which can negatively impact the individual's quality of life. A recent study showed that many patients with recent scars report pain, burning, pruritus, erythema, in combination with psychological difficulties that impact bodily movement, choice of clothing, and participation in leisure activities. Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNTA) and intense pulsed light (IPL) have shown promise in treating such scars...

In North America, LGBTQ+ youth have high rates of cannabis use and face mental health issues. We conducted a photovoice study to describe the perspectives, needs, and motivations of forty-six LGBTQ+ youth who use cannabis as they access mental healthcare services. Participants' photographs were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews conducted by peer researchers. Following a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, we first found that, beyond medication, LGBTQ+ youth sought mental health services facilitating introspection to better understand their sexual and gender identities and mental health...

Interoception, sometimes referred to as the 'hidden sense,' communicates the state of internal conditions for autonomic energy regulation and is important for human motor control as well as self-awareness. The insula, the cortex of interoception, integrates internal senses such as hunger, thirst and emotions. With input from the cerebellum and proprioceptive inputs, it creates a vast sensorimotor network essential for static posture and dynamic movement. With humans being bipedal to allow for improved mobility and energy utilization, greater neuromotor control is required to effectively stabilize and control the four postural zones of mass (i...

This work presents a proof-of-concept of a robotic-driven intra-operative scanner designed for knee cartilage lesion repair, part of a system for direct in vivo bioprinting. The proposed system is based on a photogrammetric pipeline, which reconstructs the cartilage and lesion surfaces from sets of photographs acquired by a robotic-handled endoscope, and produces 3D grafts for further printing path planning. A validation on a synthetic phantom is presented, showing that, despite the cartilage smooth and featureless surface, the current prototype can accurately reconstruct osteochondral lesions and their surroundings with mean error values of 0...

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This study was aimed to assess whether facial asymmetry increases with age and to examine potential gender differences using 3D stereophotogrammetry. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed. 3D photographs were acquired from 600 control subjects, 300 male, 300 female, and were stratified into 15 different age groups ranging from 0 to 70+. The 3D photographs were postprocessed and mirrored. The original and mirrored faces were surface-based matched using an iterative closest point algorithm. The primary outcome variable, facial asymmetry, was evaluated by calculating the absolute mean distance between the original and mirrored images...

OBJECTIVE: Here we trained an automatic phenotype assessment tool to recognize syndromic ears in two syndromes in fetuses-=CHARGE and Mandibulo-Facial Dysostosis Guion Almeida type (MFDGA)-versus controls. METHOD: We trained an automatic model on all profile pictures of children diagnosed with genetically confirmed MFDGA and CHARGE syndromes, and a cohort of control patients, collected from 1981 to 2023 in Necker Hospital (Paris) with a visible external ear. The model consisted in extracting landmarks from photographs of external ears, in applying geometric morphometry methods, and in a classification step using machine learning...

Theoretical understanding of first impressions from faces has been closely associated with the proposal that rapid approach-avoidance decisions are needed during social interactions. Nevertheless, experimental work has rarely examined first impressions of people who are actually moving-instead extrapolating from photographic images. In six experiments, we describe the relationship between social attributions (dominance and trustworthiness) and the motion and apparent intent of a perceived person. We first show strong correspondence between judgments of photos and avatars of the same people (Experiment 1)...

AIMS: Despite the established use of palatal tissue grafts for mucogingival procedures, there are no studies on the effect of extraoral storage time on graft outcomes. This prospective split-mouth randomized experimental clinical trial aimed to assess whether gingival graft extraoral storage time affects graft healing. METHODS: Standardized grafts were harvested from the palate and stored extraorally for 2 (Control) or 40 (Test) minutes before being placed at recipient beds...

A 62-year-old man with a 30-year-old photographically documented idiopathic full-thickness macular hole and visual acuity of 6/45 developed an acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in his left eye. A pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling around the macular hole, fluid-air exchange, endolaser retinopexy around the peripheral retinal break and perfluoropropane (C3F8) internal tamponade were performed to repair the detached retina and macular hole. One month postoperatively, the patient developed a large peripheral circumferential retinal tear with shallow retinal detachment which necessitated scleral buckling, repeat vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and C3F8 tamponade...

We present proof of concept for a handheld contact-type system capable of simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina and wide-field digital fundus color photography. The study focuses on demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach, particularly for eventual use in pediatric patients during examination under anesthesia in the operating room and in the neonatal intensive care unit. Direct contact of the probe with the cornea allows the photographer to maintain a stable position during imaging, reducing motion artifacts in the OCT images...

BACKGROUND: Granuloma formation is an uncommon and persistent skin inflammatory condition caused by the injection of dermal fillers. The exact cause of this reaction is not well understood, but it may be associated with irritating components or abnormal immune function. Treating granulomas can be difficult. However, recent research has shown that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors hold promise as a potential therapy for refractory granulomatous diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib as a treatment for granulomas secondary to filler injection and the possible mechanisms were discussed and summarized...

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of an MRI-based artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation cartilage model by comparing it to the natural tibial plateau cartilage. METHODS: This study included 33 patients (41 knees) with severe knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). All patients had a thin-section MRI before TKA. Our study is mainly divided into two parts: (i) In order to evaluate the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model's 2D accuracy, the natural tibial plateau was used as gold standard...

Ever since the first image of a coral reef was captured in 1885, people worldwide have been accumulating images of coral reefscapes that document the historic conditions of reefs. However, these innumerable reefscape images suffer from perspective distortion, which reduces the apparent size of distant taxa, rendering the images unusable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. Here we solve this century-long distortion problem by developing a novel computer-vision algorithm, ReScape, which removes the perspective distortion from reefscape images by transforming them into top-down views, making them usable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions...

We aimed to investigate the changes in cupping in chiasmal lesion optic neuropathy (chON) compared to baseline optic disc and glaucoma. We used a novel study design to enroll patients who had fundus photographs incidentally taken during routine health check-ups prior to the onset of optic neuropathy. In 31 eyes (21 patients) with chON and 33 eyes (30 patients) with glaucoma, we investigated the change in cup-to-disc (C/D) area from the baseline to overt cupping using flicker analysis. Compared to the baseline, 23 eyes (74...

In this study, we investigated the effects of various disinfectants used to prevent infectious diseases on medical images and medical equipment. First, we investigated the effect of residual disinfectant on medical images in CT, mammography (MMG), and general imaging systems. Acrylic discs with various disinfectants attached were photographed using each imaging device, and visual evaluation and changes in image signal values were evaluated. We also conducted a questionnaire survey of each manufacturer regarding cleaning methods for medical devices...

IMPORTANCE: Early treatment of port-wine birthmark (PWB) can be life-altering and is often associated with improved outcomes and quality of life. There is growing evidence that shorter treatment intervals may play a role in more rapid PWB clearance; however, the optimal treatment interval has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes of once-weekly pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatments for PWB in infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case series analyzed the medical records of patients with PWB who received once-weekly PDL treatments between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, at the Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York...

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to clarify the incidence, severity, and clinical risk factors for white spot lesions (WSLs) in adolescent patients treated with clear aligners. METHODS: Pre-treatment and post-treatment intraoral photographs of 203 adolescent patients undergoing clear aligner therapy were retrospectively evaluated to assess the occurrence and severity of WSLs. Information on patients' general oral condition and orthodontic treatment was collected from clinical medical documents, retrospective questionnaires, and ClinCheck® software...

In our experience, employing a radial artery in combination with an internal thoracic artery under specific conditions represents a superior option compared to using a vein graft in coronary artery surgery. Additionally, this combination is a remarkable alternative to utilizing bilateral thoracic arteries. We had planned the left radial artery as the second target graft in two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery; the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending branch would be the main graft in both patients...