Mandibular fracture

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the performance of a deep learning algorithm (YOLOv5) in detecting different mandibular fracture types in panoramic images. METHODS: This study utilized a dataset of panoramic radiographic images with mandibular fractures. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing sets, with 60%, 20%, and 20% of the images, respectively. An equal number of control panoramic radiographs, which did not contain any fractures, were also randomly distributed among the three sets...

OBJECTIVES: To report and analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in trauma victims and to define the role of a maxillofacial surgeon in an emergency trauma care team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trauma patients reported and reporting to the casualty of a tertiaryhospital with facial injuries and other suspected concomitant injuries in the body were included in this study. The complete medical and radiographic records of each patient were reviewed and data was collected in a standard proforma in this 5-year clinical study (3 year of retrospective and 2 year of prospective study)...

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the bone quality of healing mandibular fracture sites by measuring the Hounsfield units (HU) on computed tomographic (CT) images obtained presurgery and postsurgery in patients treated with rigid internal fixation (RIF). The HU values of healing fracture sites were compared to those of corresponding nonfractured (control) sites on the opposing side and cervical vertebrae sites in the same patients. In total, 31 patients with 45 mandibular fractures treated with RIF underwent presurgical and postsurgical CT examinations...

Case report. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a potentially devastating consequence of head and neck irradiation. The progression of ORN can lead to loss of bone, teeth, soft tissue necrosis, pathologic fracture, and oro-cutaneous fistula. Reconstructive surgery has mostly been reserved for late-stage disease where segmental resections are frequently necessary. Evidence is emerging to support earlier treatment in the form of debridement in combination with soft tissue free flaps for intermediate-stage ORN...

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of endoscope-assisted fractured roots or fragments extraction within the mandibular canal, along with quantitative sensory testing (QST) alterations in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). METHODS: Six patients with lower lip numbness following mandibular third molar extraction were selected. All patients had broken roots or fragments within the mandibular canal that were extracted under real-time endoscopic assistance. Follow-up assessments were conducted on postoperative days 1, 7, and 35, including a standardized QST of the lower lip skin...

BACKGROUND: Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures are at risk for associated injuries (AIs) to other body regions. The incidence of AIs is reported to be from 20 to 35%. AIs may be life-threatening and play a key role in considering first-line management at the emergency department, as well as planning the definitive treatment of maxillofacial fractures. PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for AIs in patients with maxillofacial fractures...

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This review examines the prevailing modalities for fractures of the anterior mandible, which represent a significant proportion of the maxillofacial injuries commonly treated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The article traces the historical shift from conservative techniques to the dominant management strategies of open reduction and fixation. Encompassing a range of studies, the review, in accordance with PRISMA 2020 recommendations, meticulously examines various fixation methods, assessing their efficacy in achieving stability of fracture, early healing, and mobilisation...

Treatment of edentulous and atrophic mandibular fractures is extremely difficult. Generally, mandibular fractures are repaired and fixed as internal fixation using a reconstruction plate or miniplates with intra- or extraoral approach. Few cases in which external fixation including a transmucosal fixation was performed have also been reported. We report a case of atrophic and edentulous mandibular fracture which was healed by the fixation using dental implants and implant-supported bridge.

PURPOSE: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the anterior mandibular fractures are commonly associated with mental nerve paraesthesia. This study evaluates the efficacy of melatonin on postoperative sensory functional recovery and pain following surgical treatment of anterior mandibular fractures. METHODS: Forty patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Group I-melatonin, and Group II-control group. Postoperative neurosensory recovery was evaluated both subjectively and objectively at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month intervals...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of establishing intra-operative occlusion by temporary inter-maxillary fixation remains constant even with evolving principles for the treatment of facial fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the novel technique, a pre-stretched 24- gauge round stainless-steel wire of six inches length is used. RESULTS: The novel technique is a modification of the conventional eyelet wiring, which can achieve both horizontal stabilization and maxillo-mandibular fixation...

BACKGROUND: Titanium mesh provides three-dimensional stability, it is easier and quick in placement, highly malleable and adaptable hence, proved to be worth in restoring the function and form in cases of comminuted maxillofacial fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients were included in this retrospective study at Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Science and Hospital, from December 2015 to June 2020...

PURPOSE: To study the incidence of sialocele formation in the parotid gland and to study the incidence of facial nerve affliction following treatment of mandibular condylar and sub-condylar fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a retrospective study conducted on a total of 82 patients with 107 sub-condylar and condylar fractures treated in this centre from August 2008 to August 2020. The surgical approaches used to treat the fractures were considered, and the occurrence of sialocele, salivary fistula and facial nerve paralysis was noted...

PURPOSE: Mandible fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial skeleton because of the prominent position of the lower jaw. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of mandibular fractures based on their causes and locations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A systematic search of 3 electronic databases from January 2010 and January 2020 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: Trauma during pregnancy deserves special attention as management must be directed towards both the mother and the fetus. Management of maxillofacial fractures in pregnancy can adversely affect the well-being of the fetus by impinging on normal functions such as respiration, mastication, and nutrition. Pregnancy complicates the management of facial injury due to the maintenance of the patent airway, anesthesia considerations, and imaging restraints. The purpose of this study is to use three illustrative from our own institution to further elucidate education on the management of mandible fracture in pregnancy with a focus on multidisciplinary treatment and outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: In vitro fracture resistance of extracted mandibular molars treated with various access cavity designs, including traditional endodontic cavity (TradAC), conservative/contracted endodontic cavity (ConsAC), ninja endodontic cavity (UltraAC), truss endodontic cavity (TrussAC), caries-driven access cavity (CariesAC), and intact teeth, is the focus of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six groups of 20 mandibular molars, totaling 120, were used in the investigation...

The osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) is a versatile flap with the ability to reconstruct complex defects. We detail the techniques necessary to harvest an OCRFFF, including an outline on making 90-degree osteotomies to maximize bone harvest. In this pictorial essay, we provide illustrations of the anatomy and surgical techniques necessary for OCRFFF harvest. Detailed discussion is provided on how to protect the perforators to the bone and the approach to making osteotomies in a 90-degree fashion...

Background : The aim of this study is to assess patients' subjective perception of treatment outcome after extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle. Methods : A questionnaire survey regarding facial nerve palsy (FNP), malocclusion, pain, reduction in maximum mouth opening (MMO) and further discomfort after 3, 6, and 12 months was carried out. Patients aged 18 or more presenting with an extracapsular condylar fracture between 2006 and 2020 were identified by purposive sampling Questionnaires were received from 115 patients...

The aim of this study was to evaluate how preset torque settings influence the torque, vertical force, and root canal-centering ability of ProGlider and ProTaper NEXT nickel-titanium rotary instruments in canals with different curvature locations. Based on micro-computed tomography, mesial roots of human mandibular molars (25°-40° curvature) were allocated to the apical curvature (apical 1-5 mm) or the middle curvature (apical 5-9 mm) groups, and mandibular incisors (curvature <5°) to the straight canal group...

Fractures of the mandibular condyle account for a significant proportion of mandibular fractures. The specific functional loads require particular specifications for the implant design used for open reduction and internal fixation of such fractures. The clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients treated using a single rhombic 3D condylar fracture plate for open reduction and internal fixation at a single institution, and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, are presented. The primary outcome variables were: occlusion, maximum interincisal distance and mandibular excursion at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, and radiographic measurements for mandibular height and gonion angle...