asian journal of psychiatry

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have documented thalamic functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in schizophrenia, typically examining the thalamus as a whole. The specific link between subregional thalamic FC and cognitive deficits in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) remains unexplored. METHODS: Using data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared whole-brain FC with thalamic subregions between patients and HCs, and analyzed FC changes in drug-naïve patients separately...

INTRODUCTION: It is important to promote resilience in preadolescence; however, there is limited research on children's understandings and experiences of resilience. Quantitative approaches may not capture dynamic and context-specific aspects of resilience. Resilience research has historically focused on white, middle-class Western adults and adolescents, creating an evidence gap regarding diverse experiences of resilience in middle childhood which could inform interventions. East London's Muslim community represents a diverse, growing population...

Sex differences have been claimed an imperative factor in the optimization of psychiatric treatments. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, is a promising non-invasive treatment option. Here, we investigated whether the real-time neural response to iTBS differs between men and women, and which mechanisms may mediate these differences. To this end, we capitalized on a concurrent iTBS/functional near-infrared spectroscopy setup over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a common clinical target, to test our assumptions...

There has been a lack of short and simple screening instruments to assess the risk of violence in youth. Many acute youth departments have used the V-RISK-10, a risk screener for adults. V-RISK-Y is a risk screener based on the V-RISK-10 and adapted to youths. Our aim was to compare the predictive validity between V-RISK-Y and VRISK-10 in an emergency psychiatric adolescent ward. Target population were all 92 patients admitted within one year, and study population consisted of 49 (53 %) patients who had completed data...

BACKGROUND: The study objective was estimating the prevalence and determinants of depression amongst postmenopausal women in India. Additionally, we used panel mediation analysis to model the extent to which multimorbidity was associated with depression after adjusting for the effects of functional disability in the participants. METHODS: Data from 28,160 women aged 50 and above from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF), with multimorbidity and functional disability (ADL and IADL) considered as key predictor variables...

BACKGROUND: The role of rumination in depression remains controversial. We aimed to establish the ruminative tendency style theory (RTST), discuss the occurrence of depression in adolescents with rumination as the core, and explore the different associations between adolescent ruminative tendency, ruminative style, and depression. METHODS: This study employed an online questionnaire survey of 1110 Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 years, assessing ruminative tendency, ruminative style, stressful life events, depressive state, depressive trait, the Big Five personality traits, and social support...

Proxy procedures in psychiatry include proxy consultations, proxy prescriptions, covert and refill medications. Before Mental Healthcare Act (MHCA) 2017, there was minimal emphasis on the rights of individuals with Severe Mental Illness (SMI), leading family members to use proxy practices. With the new legislation, these practices have to be seen in a new light. Proxy consultations may be allowed for information, advice, etc. but not for giving medications or making a diagnosis. Proxy prescriptions can be given if the patient gives prior authorization or through nominated representative in advanced directive...

The efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are unknown. Up to June 21, 2023, we conducted a systematic search for RCTs, and then extracted and synthesized data using random effects models. Five RCTs involving 507 patients with TRD (243 in the active dTMS group and 264 in the control group) were included in the present study. The active dTMS group showed significantly higher study-defined response rate (45.3% versus 24.2%, n = 507, risk ratio [RR] = 1...

Parents of color's critical consciousness development (understanding of and actions to redress societal inequalities) is an important yet understudied area, especially relative to the burgeoning literature on youth's critical consciousness development. As with youth of color, ethnic-racial identity, or the meaning and importance placed on one's ethnic-racial group membership, likely plays a notable yet complex role in parents' critical consciousness. Specifically, parents' participation in activities that engage them in the culture of their racial-ethnic group (exploration), the importance they place on race-ethnicity (centrality), and their perceptions of how society views their group (public regard) may each be differentially associated with understanding of inequalities (critical reflection), motivation toward ending inequalities (critical motivation), and the behaviors parents engage in to address inequalities (critical action)...

BACKGROUND: Migraine is common in women of reproductive age. This study aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of migraine in pregnant women in the UK, (2) identify drugs commonly prescribed for migraine during pregnancy and (3) identify characteristics associated with being prescribed medication for migraine during pregnancy. METHODS: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink pregnancy register, a database of pregnancy episodes identified in anonymised primary care health records, was used...

This paper looks at how social expectations and gender roles affect the mental health of Chinese women. Traditional Chinese culture, influenced by Confucianism and patriarchy, still has a negative impact on women's mental well-being, despite efforts for gender equality. Women's mental health is vital for both individuals and society, and this study aims to understand these issues better to help shape policies and interventions.

OBJECTIVE: The authors measured implementation of Zero Suicide (ZS) clinical practices that support identification of suicide risk and risk mitigation, including screening, risk assessment, and lethal means counseling, across mental health specialty and primary care settings. METHODS: Six health care systems in California, Colorado, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington participated. The sample included members ages ≥13 years from 2010 to 2019 (N=7,820,524 patients)...

BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a highly prevalent syndrome in patients presenting with major neurocognitive disorders (dementia). In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the clinical and therapeutic aspects of catatonia in patients with dementia. METHOD: This descriptive study, conducted between September 2015 and June 2022, collected data from 25 patients diagnosed with dementia, out of 143 patients treated for catatonia in our specialized psychiatry department...

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to play a role in depression pathogenesis. This clinical trial (jRCTs042220011) was conducted to evaluate whether depression symptoms could be alleviated by an Extremely Low Frequency, Extremely Low Magnetic Environment (ELF-ELME), which has been found in basic research studies to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential. Participants were exposed to the ELF-ELME via a head-mounted magnetic field device (10 μTesla, 4 ms, 1-8 Hz/8 s) worn for 2 h per day for 8 consecutive weeks...

BACKGROUND: Ketamine is the prototypal rapid-acting antidepressant (RAAD) for TRD with approved indication for esketamine-nasal spray (ESK-NS). Distinctly, arketamine (R-KET) demonstrates enhanced antidepressant effects and neuroplasticity changes compared to esketamine, with fewer dissociative side effects and abuse potential. This study focuses on R-ketamine's therapeutic implications, safety, and tolerability in TRD treatment. METHODS: We report on a year-long follow-up of three TRD patients post-single IV R-KET administration...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to improve response and remission in patients with treatment resistant depression. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two bilateral rTMS protocols with different protocols in patients with treatment resistant depression and comorbid severe anxiety. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving 67 patients who underwent two different bilateral TMS protocols and who met the specified eligibility criteria was conducted...

BACKGROUND: About 30% of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder fail with the mainstream pharmacological treatment. Patients who do not achieve clinical remission of symptoms, even with two different antidepressants, are classified with treatment-resistant depression (TDR). This condition imposes an additional burden with increased Disability Adjusted Life Years. Therefore, complementary treatments, such as neuromodulation, are necessary. The transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has emerged in the past few years as a reliable method for non-invasive neuromodulation in humans and may help treat TRD...

This study aimed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms by which microRNA 124 (miR-124) is involved in major depressive disorder (MDD). We enrolled 53 untreated MDD patients and 38 healthy control (HC) subjects who completed behavior assessments and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans. MiR-124 expression levels were detected in the peripheral blood of all participants. We determined that miR-124 levels could influence depressive symptoms via disrupted large-scale intrinsic intra- and internetwork connectivity, including the default mode network (DMN)-DMN, dorsal attention network (DAN)-salience network (SN), and DAN-cingulo-opercular network (CON)...

BACKGROUND: Adolescent depression shows high clinical heterogeneity. Brain functional networks serve as a powerful tool for investigating neural mechanisms underlying depression profiles. A key challenge is to characterize how variation in brain functional organization links to behavioral features and psychosocial environmental influences. METHODS: We recruited 80 adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). First, we estimated the differences in functional connectivity of resting-state networks (RSN) between the two groups...