aureus and wegener

Laboratory animals are widely used in imaging studies, including infection, heart, and brain research. Compared with rodents, pigs are especially useful because of their large organ sizes, ability to tolerate long-term anesthesia, and substantial blood volume, which allows repeated blood sampling. These factors are particularly important in positron emission tomography studies of potential new radioactive tracers, because the scans often are prolonged; in addition, kinetic studies involving repeated blood sampling may be performed to establish the optimal scan time...

OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have suggested a potential link between nasal microbes and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; Wegener's), but these studies relied on culture-dependent methods. This study comprehensively examined the entire community of nasal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in participants with GPA compared with healthy controls using deep sequencing methods. METHODS: 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing were performed on nasal microbial DNA isolated from nasal swabs of 60 participants with GPA and 41 healthy controls...

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BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a commensal bacterium representing one of the most important components of the skin microbiome, mostly isolated in the anterior nares. A higher rate of SA nasal colonization in patients affected by Wegener's granulomatosis and rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy subjects (HS) has been described. No studies focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are available. We aimed at analyzing the prevalence of SA nasal carriers in an SLE cohort and evaluating correlation between nasal colonization and clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features...

OBJECTIVE: To find the most prevalent organism in diabetic foot ulcers and its drug sensitivity and resistance to different standard antibiotics. STUDY DESIGN: Adescriptive and cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Ward 7, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from December 2010 to December 2012. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-five diabetic patients with infected foot wounds of Wegener grade 2 - 5 who had not received any previous antibiotics were included in the study by consecutive sampling...

A nationally representative sample of approximately 2000 individuals was surveyed to assess SSTI infections over their lifetime and then prospectively over six-months. Knowledge of MRSA, future likelihood to self-treat a SSTI and self-care behaviors was also queried. Chi square tests, linear and multinomial regression were used for analysis. About 50% of those with a reported history of a SSTI typical of MRSA had sought medical treatment. MRSA knowledge was low: 28% of respondents could describe MRSA. Use of protective self-care behaviors that may reduce transmission, such as covering a lesion, differed with knowledge of MRSA and socio-demographics...

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a deadly pathogen in healthcare settings since the 1960s, but MRSA epidemiology changed since 1990 with new genetically distinct strain types circulating among previously healthy people outside healthcare settings. Community-associated (CA) MRSA strains primarily cause skin and soft tissue infections, but may also cause life-threatening invasive infections. First seen in Australia and the U.S., it is a growing problem around the world...

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly known as Wegener's Granulomatosis) is an autoimmune small vessel vasculitis which is highly associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). The hallmarks of this condition are systemic necrotising vasculitis, necrotising granulomatous inflammation, and necrotising glomerulonephritis. The aetiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis is linked to environmental and infectious triggers inciting onset of disease in genetically predisposed individuals...

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is uncommon. However, the recognition of multisystem disease involving joints, kidney, eye and lung is critical for diagnosing Wegener's vasculitis. This is not the first report of this kind in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old Croatian woman presented to our Emergency Department with a history of progressively worsening productive cough and shortness of breath, epistaxis and two episodes of hemoptysis...

First manifestations of vasculitis can appear on the head and neck, still few physicians are aware of these diseases, as they are unspecific and because other conditions like infections and allergies are more frequent. Among them, signs and symptoms like epistaxis, nasal obstruction, discharge, burning pain of sinonasal region, headache, sinus polyps and crusts, the latter found in people who live in highly polluted cities with low humidity, in patients with respiratory scleroma, atrophy, those receiving local radiotherapy, and due to other conditions...

A 56-year-old woman who had suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome was admitted complaining of persistent cough. Chest X-ray films showed an infiltrative shadow in the right middle lung field. Her serum PR3-ANCA titer was high, and granulomatous inflammation with Langhans giant cell was noted in a transbronchial biopsy specimen. About 3 months later, purulent sputum and high grade fever developed, with a new infiltrative shadow in the left upper lung field noted on a chest X-ray film...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with bacterial infection, in particular nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Infection may play a role in the induction of autoimmunity as well as in the effector phase of the disease. Here, the current hypotheses aiming to explain the link between infections and Wegener's granulomatosis immunopathogenesis are reviewed and discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, studies suggested that molecular mimicry could play a role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), either via direct mimicry between human lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and bacterial FimH or indirectly via the development of antibodies against a peptide complementary to proteinase 3 (cPr3)...

OBJECTIVES: Nasal S. aureus carrier rates are significantly higher in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) compared to healthy controls (HC), and nasal colonisation is a risk-factor for relapse. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are important defence molecules maintaining an intact barrier function. It is the aim of this study to see if there is a possible link between the nasal AMP pattern and S. aureus colonisation, a link which has not been investigated so far. METHODS: ELISA was applied to quantify LL-37 and hBD-3 concentrations in nasal secretions (14 WG patients, 13 HC) with and without nasal S...

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a complex autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, frequently involving localized inflammation of the nasal mucosa as an early manifestation. The current hypothesis suggests that the disease is triggered by a disturbed interaction between genetic and environmental effects, such as an altered microflora at mucosal layers. In this study, a systematic assessment of 49 transcripts with potential pathophysiological relevance was performed using quantitative real-time PCR in nasal mucosa samples of more than 80 individuals, including normal control (NC) individuals and disease controls...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Microbial factors are supposed to play an inducing and/or reactivating role in many of the idiopathic systemic vasculitides. This review evaluates the evidence that microbes are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease focusing on possibilities for antimicrobial intervention. RECENT FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is different from that of non-HBV-PAN and requires antiviral treatment...

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are characterised by necrotising inflammation of small vessels in conjunction with ANCA directed to either proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO). The aetiopathogenesis of these disorders is still not fully elucidated but clinical as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental data strongly suggest a role for the autoimmune responses to PR3 and MPO in disease development. Clinically, PR3-ANCA are strongly associated with granulomatous vasculitis as in Wegener's granulomatosis, and MPO-ANCA with necrotising small vessel vasculitis as in microscopic polyangiitis...

The clinical and biochemical features of an acute and initial Wegener's granulomatosis case were analysed in a young woman. A multifactorial aspects are evident. A chronic inflammation of the superior respiratory tract has been observed. Staphylococcus aureus has been isolated. An oligoclonal component constituted of high levels of anti-PR3 autoantibodies was detected: initial autoreactive B cell clone activation is probable. The chronological link with postpartum is present: our study excluded foetal microchimerism; the hormonal state can be a trigger factor...

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious and often fatal complication of long-term PD with severe malnutrition and poor prognosis. It causes progressive obstruction and encapsulation of the bowel. This retrospective study reviews our experience and that reviewed in the literature concerning EPS. It refers to a total of 1966 patients treated with chronic PD between 1974 and 2008. Twenty one of them (1.1%) developed EPS, with the incidence increasing with the duration of PD. Mean age of our patients with EPS was 43, ranging from 18 to 71 years, 8 were men and 13 women with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 21...

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) directed to proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) or myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) are strongly associated with the ANCA-associated vasculitides--Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical observations, including the efficacy of B-cell depletion via rituximab treatment, support--but do not prove--a pathogenic role for ANCA in the ANCA-associated vasculitides. In vitro experimental studies show that the interplay of ANCA, neutrophils, the alternative pathway of the complement system, and endothelial cells could result in lysis of the endothelium...

OBJECTIVES: Nasal colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been implicated in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) disease activity. In this study, the frequency of nasal colonisation with S. aureus in WG was compared to healthy and disease control groups for the first time. Moreover, endonasal activity was correlated to colonisation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nasal carriage of S. aureus of a well-defined group of 89 patients with WG was compared to 40 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRS), 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 50 hospital staff members and 25 subjects without regular hospital contact and correlation analysis of nasal carriage and endonasal activity of WG was performed...