albumin creatinine ratio

In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by diabetic neuropathy (DN) and timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment and potential reversal of this complication. Since both DN and T2DM are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, our study aimed to evaluate CAR levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with DN and compare them to those in subjects without DN. Patients presenting to our institutional outpatient clinics were divided into two groups based on the presence of DN...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces respiratory dysfunction as well as kidney injury. Although the kidney is considered a target organ of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and affected by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, the mechanisms of renal reaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. In this study, a murine COVID-19 model was induced by nasal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10). MA10 infection induced body weight loss along with lung inflammation in mice four days after infection...

BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing worldwide, making it a serious public health problem. Although a potential correlation between body water content and CKD progression has been suggested, the presence of a causal association remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the causal effect of body water content on kidney function. METHODS: Genome-wide association study summary data sourced from UK Biobank were used to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with whole-body water mass (BWM)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a scarcity of data stemming from large-scale epidemiological longitudinal studies focusing on potentially preventable and controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD). This study aimed to examine the effect of multiple metabolic factors and cardiovascular disorders on the risk of cognitive decline and AD/ADRD. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 6,440 participants aged 45-84 years at baseline...

BACKGROUND: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. AIM: To investigate the impact of sodium-glucose 2 co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Romanian patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 Romanian patients with T2DM who were being treated with SGLT-2i, either Dapagliflozin or Empagliflozin...

CONTEXT: Patients with younger onset of type 2 diabetes (YT2D) have increased risk for kidney failure compared to those with late onset. However, the mechanism of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression in this high-risk group is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To identify novel biomarkers and potential causal proteins associated with DKD progression in patients with YT2D. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Among YT2D (T2D onset age ≤ 40 years), 144 DKD progressors (cases) were matched for T2D onset age, sex, and ethnicity with 292 non-progressors (controls) and divided into discovery and validation sets...

INTRODUCTION: The 2023 Australian guideline for assessing and managing cardiovascular disease risk provides updated evidence-based recommendations for the clinical assessment and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk for primary prevention. It includes the new Australian CVD risk calculator (Aus CVD Risk Calculator), based on an equation developed from a large New Zealand cohort study, customised and recalibrated for the Australian population. The new guideline replaces the 2012 guideline that recommended CVD risk assessment using the Framingham risk equation...

Background: Renal hypoxia plays a key role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Shen Shuai II Recipe (SSR) has shown good results in the treatment of CKD as a common herbal formula. This study aimed to explore the effect of SSR on renal hypoxia and injury in CKD rats. Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats underwent 5/6 renal ablation/infarction (A/I) surgery were randomly divided into three groups: 5/6 (A/I), 5/6 (A/I) + losartan (LOS), and 5/6 (A/I) + SSR groups. Another eight normal rats were used as the Sham group...

BACKGROUND: We tried to identify the risk factor associate with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by utilizing real-world data from Taiwan Diabetes Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recently diagnosed within 1 year. We divided the study participants into control group and early CKD group. Early CKD was defined as either CKD stage G1 with albuminuria, CKD stage G2 with albuminuria, or CKD stage G3a regardless of albuminuria (Urine-albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 3 mg/mmol)...

OBJECTIVE: To train and test a super learner strategy for risk prediction of kidney failure and mortality in people with incident moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (stage G3b to G4). DESIGN: Multinational, longitudinal, population based, cohort study. SETTINGS: Linked population health data from Canada (training and temporal testing), and Denmark and Scotland (geographical testing). PARTICIPANTS: People with newly recorded chronic kidney disease at stage G3b-G4, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-44 mL/min/1...

PURPOSE: Diabetes is a public health problem that requires strategies to impact glycemic control and reduce the risk of long-term medical complications. Pharmacological management is a necessary treatment for this disease. Therefore, semaglutide is an essential tool to achieve the treatment targets. The present study aimed to evaluate the semaglutide effects on a cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort included 49 patients with T2DM that have been treated in a specialized care center...

OBJECTIVE: The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) diagnostic threshold for type 2 diabetes (T2D) of 6.5 % (48 mmol/mol) was based on the prevalence of retinopathy found in populations not known to have T2D. It is unclear if nephropathy has a similar HbA1c threshold, partly because it is a rarer complication of early diabetes. This cohort study investigated a very high diabetes prevalence population to determine if a better diagnostic HbA1c value can be established for predicting nephropathy rather than retinopathy in subjects without T2D...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Activation of NF-κB-signalling is key in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, a certain level of NF-κB activity is necessary to enable tissue repair. METHODS: To investigate the relationship between activated and inactivated NF-κB signaling on the pathogenesis of CKD using mouse models of NF-κB partial inactivation (mutating cysteine at position 59 of the sixth exon on the NF-κB gene into alanine) and activation (mutating cysteine at position 59 of the sixth exon on the NF-κB gene into serine)...

Background : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype autoimmune disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) burden. Besides increased arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction is considered an important component in the pathophysiology of CV disease. However, there is a lack of data regarding the effect of multiple target organ damage (TOD) on CV health. Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate (i) the presence of microvascular changes in SLE in various vascular beds, (ii) the possible associations between the accumulation of microvascular TOD and CV risk and (iii) whether Galectin-3 represents a predictor of combined microvascular TOD...

BACKGROUND: Frailty and polypharmacy are common conditions in older adults, especially in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we analyzed the association of polypharmacy and incident frailty and the effect modification by CKD in very old adults. METHODS: In non-frail individuals within the Berlin Initiative (cohort) Study, polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) was assessed according to multiple definitions based on the number of regular and on demand prescription and over the counter drugs, as well as vitamins and supplements...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased rates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality in lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). No specific marker for a functional risk assessment of kidney disease in PAD is known, especially at the early stages. Thus, we speculated that urinary vanin-1 (uVNN1), a marker of oxidative stress even in early kidney injury, could further stratify outcome assessment in patients with PAD. METHODS: Patients with stable PAD ( n = 304) of the Vienna medical cohort were followed up for up to 10 years and the outcome was assessed by central death database queries...

GDF15, also known as MIC1, is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Previous studies reported elevated serum levels of GDF15 in patients with kidney disorder, and its association with kidney disease progression, while other studies identified GDF15 to have protective effects. To investigate the potential protective role of GDF15 on podocytes, we first performed in vitro studies using a Gdf15 -deficient podocyte cell line. The lack of GDF15 intensified puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced cell death in cultivated podocytes...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy through a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 92 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy admitted from March 2020 to September 2022 were included and assigned to a control group (n = 46) and a research group (n = 46) using a random number table. The control group was given glucocorticoid, and the research group was given cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid...

INTRODUCTION: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are insensitive biomarkers for early detection of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we assessed potential biomarkers for early HMOD in healthy persons and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers: (1) are different between healthy controls and patients with hypertension, (2): can classify patients with hypertension according to the degree of hypertension severity...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with kidney complications. This study aims to investigate the effects of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, on kidney outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in nephrology and endocrinology clinics at KFAFH from March 2022 to February 2023. The sample size was determined based on hospital records, and randomly selected patients who met the inclusion criteria were included...