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JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: The burden of neurological conditions in north Africa and the Middle East is increasing. We aimed to assess the changes in the burden of neurological conditions in this super-region to aid with future decision making. METHODS: In this analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 data, we examined temporal trends of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; deaths and disabilities combined), deaths, incident cases, and prevalent cases of 14 major neurological conditions and eight subtypes in 21 countries in the north Africa and the Middle East super-region...
April 8, 2024: Lancet Global Health
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Brown, Morgane Rosier
The equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most important tests of global cooperation that the world has faced in recent decades. Collectively, global leaders failed that crucible abysmally, creating a 'vaccine apartheid' that divided the world according to income into countries with widespread access and those without. Why, given that leaders were fully aware of the risks and injustice of vaccine inequity, did governments of wealthy countries hoard doses, impede the expansion of vaccine manufacturing and otherwise prevent equitable access to vaccines? We argue that their decisions to act selfishly are best explained by governments' accountability to domestic constituencies, their lack of leadership and commitment to multilateralism and their adoption of short-term perspectives, as well as their unwillingness to curb the influence of profit-oriented global pharmaceutical companies and, to a certain extent, of an additional private actor, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation...
August 2023: British Journal of Politics & International Relations
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations...
April 3, 2024: Lancet
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qingwen He, Yaling An, Xuemei Zhou, Haitang Xie, Lifeng Tao, Dedong Li, Anqi Zheng, Linjie Li, Zepeng Xu, Shufan Yu, Ruyue Wang, Hua Hu, Kefang Liu, Qihui Wang, Lianpan Dai, Kun Xu, George F Gao
BACKGROUND: The recently circulating Omicron variants BA.2.86 and JN.1 were identified with more than 30 amino acid changes on the spike protein compared to BA.2 or XBB.1.5. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the immune escape potential of BA.2.86, JN.1, EG.5, and EG.5.1. METHODS: We collected human and murine sera to evaluate serological neutralization activities. The participants received three doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines or a booster dose of the ZF2022-A vaccine (Delta-BA...
March 28, 2024: Med
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefan P Rautenbach, Lilith K Whittles, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Lise Jamieson, Thato Chidarikire, Leigh F Johnson, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton
BACKGROUND: After successful intensive interventions to rapidly increase HIV awareness, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and viral suppression, HIV programmes in eastern and southern Africa are considering scaling back of some interventions, such as widespread general population HIV testing. We aimed to model whether scaling back of general population HIV testing in South Africa could result in a resurgence of the HIV epidemic or substantial slowing of declines in HIV incidence, resulting in increased long-term ART...
April 2024: Lancet. Public Health
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios...
March 19, 2024: Lancet
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tünde Montgomery-Csobán, Kimberley Kavanagh, Paul Murray, Chris Robertson, Sarah J E Barry, U Vivian Ukah, Beth A Payne, Kypros H Nicolaides, Argyro Syngelaki, Olivia Ionescu, Ranjit Akolekar, Jennifer A Hutcheon, Laura A Magee, Peter von Dadelszen
BACKGROUND: Affecting 2-4% of pregnancies, pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal death and morbidity worldwide. Using routinely available data, we aimed to develop and validate a novel machine learning-based and clinical setting-responsive time-of-disease model to rule out and rule in adverse maternal outcomes in women presenting with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: We used health system, demographic, and clinical data from the day of first assessment with pre-eclampsia to predict a Delphi-derived composite outcome of maternal mortality or severe morbidity within 2 days...
April 2024: The Lancet. Digital health
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Global evaluations of the progress towards the WHO End TB Strategy 2020 interim milestones on mortality (35% reduction) and incidence (20% reduction) have not been age specific. We aimed to assess global, regional, and national-level burdens of and trends in tuberculosis and its risk factors across five separate age groups, from 1990 to 2021, and to report on age-specific progress between 2015 and 2020. METHODS: We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analytical framework to compute age-specific tuberculosis mortality and incidence estimates for 204 countries and territories (1990-2021 inclusive)...
March 19, 2024: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohan Ghule, Anvita Dixit, Nicole E Johns, Madhusudana Battala, Shahina Begum, Sarah Averbach, Jay G Silverman, Niranjan Saggurti, Anita Raj
BACKGROUND: Previous literature suggests that men reporting more gender-equitable attitudes are more likely to use condoms, but there is a paucity of data evaluating whether these attitudes are associated with contraceptive communication and use. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that men reporting more gender-equitable attitudes will be more likely to (a) engage in contraceptive communication with their wives and (b) that they and/or their wives will be more likely to use all forms of family planning, compared to men with less equitable attitudes...
June 2024: Dialogues Health
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Bradburn, Agustin Conde-Agudelo, Nia W Roberts, Jose Villar, Aris T Papageorghiou
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of gestational age (GA) is key in clinical management of individual obstetric patients, and critical to be able to calculate rates of preterm birth and small for GA at a population level. Currently, the gold standard for pregnancy dating is measurement of the fetal crown rump length at 11-14 weeks of gestation. However, this is not possible for women first presenting in later pregnancy, or in settings where routine ultrasound is not available. A reliable, cheap and easy to measure GA-dependent biomarker would provide an important breakthrough in estimating the age of pregnancy...
April 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage...
March 5, 2024: Lancet Neurology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe, Adjoavi Esse Agossou, Gerald Mboowa, Basile Kamgang, Cyril Caminade, Dawn C Duke, Andrew Karanja Githeko, Obed M Ogega, Nestor Engone Elloué, Fatou Bintou Sarr, Dieudonné Nkoghe, Pierre Kengne, Nicaise T Ndam, Christophe Paupy, Moses Bockarie, Patricks Voua Otomo
We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges...
March 14, 2024: Infectious Diseases of Poverty
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: The geographical, demographic, and socioeconomic distributions of malaria and malnutrition largely overlap. It remains unknown whether malnutrition affects the efficacy of WHO-recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). A previous systematic review was inconclusive as data were sparse and heterogeneous, indicating that other methodological approaches, such as individual patient data meta-analysis, should be considered. The objective of this study was to conduct such a meta-analysis to assess the effect of malnutrition (wasting and stunting) on treatment outcomes in children younger than 5 years treated with an ACT for uncomplicated falciparum malaria...
April 2024: Lancet Global Health
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Florian Marks, Justin Im, Se Eun Park, Gi Deok Pak, Hyon Jin Jeon, Lady Rosny Wandji Nana, Marie-France Phoba, Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji, Ondari D Mogeni, Biruk Yeshitela, Ursula Panzner, Ligia María Cruz Espinoza, Tigist Beyene, Michael Owusu-Ansah, Sampson Twumasi-Ankrah, Melese Yeshambaw, Ashenafi Alemu, Oluwafemi J Adewusi, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Ellen Higginson, Akinlolu Adepoju, Sarah Agbi, Enoch G Cakpo, Veronica O Ogunleye, Gaëlle Nkoji Tunda, Odion O Ikhimiukor, Jules Mbuyamba, Trevor Toy, Francis Opoku Agyapong, Isaac Osei, John Amuasi, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco Razafindrabe, Tiana Mirana Raminosoa, Gabriel Nyirenda, Njariharinjakampionona Randriamampionona, Hyeong Won Seo, Hyejin Seo, Mohamadou Siribie, Megan E Carey, Michael Owusu, Christian G Meyer, Ndrainaharimira Rakotozandrindrainy, Nimarko Sarpong, Mathilde Razafindrakalia, Ravomialisoa Razafimanantsoa, Moussa Ouedraogo, Yeonseon J Kim, Jooah Lee, Raphaël M Zellweger, Sophie S Y Kang, Ju Yeon Park, John A Crump, Liselotte Hardy, Jan Jacobs, Denise O Garrett, Jason R Andrews, Nimesh Poudyal, Deok Ryun Kim, John D Clemens, Stephen G Baker, Jerome H Kim, Gordon Dougan, Jonathan D Sugimoto, Sandra Van Puyvelde, Aderemi Kehinde, Oluwafemi A Popoola, Vittal Mogasale, Robert F Breiman, William R MacWright, Abraham Aseffa, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Andrea Haselbeck, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Mekonnen Teferi, Abdramane Soura Bassiahi, Iruka N Okeke, Octavie Lunguya-Metila, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy
BACKGROUND: Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Typhoid in Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps in typhoid burden data and identify populations eligible for interventions using novel typhoid conjugate vaccines. METHODS: A hybrid design, hospital-based prospective surveillance with population-based health-care utilisation surveys, was implemented in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa...
April 2024: Lancet Global Health
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna-Maria Hartner, Xiang Li, Susy Echeverria-Londono, Jeremy Roth, Kaja Abbas, Megan Auzenbergs, Margaret J de Villiers, Matthew J Ferrari, Keith Fraser, Han Fu, Timothy Hallett, Wes Hinsley, Mark Jit, Andromachi Karachaliou, Sean M Moore, Shevanthi Nayagam, Timos Papadopoulos, T Alex Perkins, Allison Portnoy, Quan Tran Minh, Emilia Vynnycky, Amy K Winter, Holly Burrows, Cynthia Chen, Hannah E Clapham, Aniruddha Deshpande, Sarah Hauryski, John Huber, Kevin Jean, Chaelin Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, Jemima Koh, Benjamin A Lopman, Virginia E Pitzer, Yvonne Tam, Philipp Lambach, So Yoon Sim, Kim Woodruff, Neil M Ferguson, Caroline L Trotter, Katy A M Gaythorpe
BACKGROUND: There have been declines in global immunisation coverage due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recovery has begun but is geographically variable. This disruption has led to under-immunised cohorts and interrupted progress in reducing vaccine-preventable disease burden. There have, so far, been few studies of the effects of coverage disruption on vaccine effects. We aimed to quantify the effects of vaccine-coverage disruption on routine and campaign immunisation services, identify cohorts and regions that could particularly benefit from catch-up activities, and establish if losses in effect could be recovered...
April 2024: Lancet Global Health
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic period...
March 8, 2024: Lancet
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nyamai Mutono, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Ananthu James, Wilma A Stolk, Anita Makori, Teresia Njoki Kimani, T Déirdre Hollingsworth, Andreia Vasconcelos, Matthew A Dixon, Sake J de Vlas, S M Thumbi
BACKGROUND: WHO has proposed elimination of transmission of onchocerciasis (river blindness) by 2030. More than 99% of cases of onchocerciasis are in sub-Saharan Africa. Vector control and mass drug administration of ivermectin have been the main interventions for many years, with varying success. We aimed to identify factors associated with elimination of onchocerciasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched for published articles reporting epidemiological or entomological assessments of onchocerciasis transmission status in sub-Saharan Africa, with or without vector control...
March 11, 2024: Lancet Global Health
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amit Summan, Arindam Nandi, Brian Wahl, Sergio Carmona, Stefano Ongarello, Beatrice Vetter, Ramanan Laxminarayan
BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 that had diagnosed chronic diseases - including diabetes - may experience higher rates of hospitalisation and mortality relative to the general population. However, the burden of undiagnosed co-morbidities during the pandemic has not been adequately studied. METHODS: We developed a model to estimate the hospitalisation and mortality burden of patients with COVID-19 that had undiagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes (UD). The retrospective analytical modelling framework was informed by country-level demographic, epidemiological and COVID-19 data and parameters...
April 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tugba Akkaya Hocagil, Hon Hwang, Joseph L Jacobson, Sandra W Jacobson, Louise M Ryan
Individual participant data meta-analysis is a commonly used alternative to the traditional aggregate data meta-analysis. It is popular because it avoids relying on published results and enables direct adjustment for relevant covariates. However, a practical challenge is that the studies being combined often vary in terms of the potential confounders that were measured. Furthermore, it will inevitably be the case that some individuals have missing values for some of those covariates. In this paper, we demonstrate how these challenges can be resolved using a propensity score approach, combined with multiple imputation, as a strategy to adjust for covariates in the context of individual participant data meta-analysis...
March 1, 2024: JBI evidence synthesis
#40
EDITORIAL
Shu Chen, Lance E Rodewald, Anna Heng Du, Shenglan Tang
BACKGROUND: Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China's National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China's NIP through research and policy advocacy...
March 13, 2024: Infectious Diseases of Poverty
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