Gender specific therapies and disorders

CONTEXT: Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder. Lifestyle changes such as the use of complementary therapies namely yoga, regular physical activity, and proper diet may reduce the risk of endocrinal dysfunction and may help individuals to maintain a healthy weight. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to evaluate thyroid patients' knowledge gaps with respect to, cultural beliefs about, and attitudes towards the practice of yoga as a therapeutic tool in India...

BACKGROUND: Chronic joint hypermobility has been attributed to repetitive ligamentous microtrauma, benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS), or genetic connective tissue disorders that lead to pain and functional impairment, especially among females. Chronic wrist hypermobility (CWH) prevalence, etiology, and effects on proprioception, strength, and function have yet to be established. PURPOSE: This pilot study aimed to determine the CWH prevalence among adults; its effects on proprioception, strength, and function; and whether these effects are gender based...

Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with a height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (-2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth is a complicated dynamic procedure that depends upon the coordination of different aspects involving diet, genetics, and biological aspects like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe or acute pathologic procedure may disturb the individual's normal rate of growth. In this research, we examined four (A-D) Pakistani consanguineous families that exhibited syndromic dwarfism, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern...

BACKGROUND: The annualized recurrent stroke rate in patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) under antiplatelet therapy is around 4.5%. Only a fraction of these patients will develop atrial fibrillation (FA), to which a stroke can be attributed retrospectively. The challenge is to identify patients at risk of occult AF during follow-up. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to determine clinical factors and electrocardiographic and ultrasound parameters that can predict occult AF in patients with ESUS and build a simple predictive score applicable worldwide...

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation-induced joint damage, which can cause lasting disability. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of RA are crucial. Herein, we evaluated whether exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) could be served as promising biomarkers that can accelerate the diagnosis of RA and development of therapies for RA. METHODS: First, we performed small RNA sequencing to determine the miRNA profiles of serum exosomes within a screening cohort comprised of 18 untreated active RA patients, along with 18 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs)...

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure for gender incongruence specific to voice and communication parameters, including pitch, intonation, resonance, loudness, speech smoothness, speech clarity, word choice, facial expression, gesture, and posture. METHOD: The Utah Gender Presentation Scale for Communication (U-GPS) includes 10 items, each on a 10-point scale from masculine to feminine. Items were selected based on literature review and patient focus groups...

This article aimed to provide a systematic narrative synthesis of existing studies on the mediators of change in psychotherapy with adolescents (10-19 years) and transition age youth (TAY) (20-29 years) who have experienced trauma-related symptoms or posttraumatic disorder. Additionally, we were interested in identifying psychotherapy-, trauma type-, and clients' age- and gender-specific mediators of treatment outcome. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a total of 3,723 studies published in PubMed and PsycINFO databases were screened against inclusion criteria, revealing 15 eligible studies...

BACKGROUND: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is now recognized as a feeding/eating disorder that affects individuals across the lifespan, but research on ARFID in general and particularly in adults remains limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with ARFID seeking treatment at a tertiary care eating disorders program, and to describe the course and outcomes of treatment at three levels of care-inpatient, intensive outpatient, and outpatient individual therapy...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to calibrate an item set for a new version of the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) specifically for use with gender-diverse clients. This new version contains a new item stem as well as other minor wording changes from the original CPIB in order to be acceptable to gender-diverse respondents. METHOD: Survey data on 47 candidate items were collected from 434 transgender individuals: 219 assigned female at birth (AFAB) and 215 assigned male at birth (AMAB)...

INTRODUCTION: Strokes are traditionally attributed to risk factors like aging, hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Chagas disease has emerged as an important risk factor for stroke in Latin American. Our study aims at describing the largest cohort of patients with Chagas disease and ischemic stroke and determining variables associated with stroke recurrence and cardioembolic cause. METHODS: This study is the result of a national multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil...

IMPORTANCE: Driving and community mobility (DCM) is key to supporting independence in teens and young adults (TYA) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an intervention focused on DCM can effectively improve DCM knowledge and skills in TYA. DESIGN: A pretest-posttest design using the same intervention and outcome measures. SETTING: University research setting. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight participants with ASD completed the program (M age = 17...

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with varying progression rates among individuals. The ability to predict disease progression is crucial for treatment decisions with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). A few cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been investigated in relation to disease progression, but few have been effectively translated into clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of known CSF markers, to compare their sensitivity and specificity, and to develop a prognostic model using a combination of markers to predict disease progression...

BACKGROUND: Transgender and intersex populations have long remained under-documented in South Korea, largely due to the absence of comprehensive epidemiological data. With increasing societal acknowledgment, there's an urgent need to understand the demographics and health challenges faced by these communities. METHODS: This retrospective, large-scale data study included people who received the F64 codes from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service between January 2007 and December 2021...

BACKGROUND: Calf circumference is recommended as a marker for low muscle mass and as a case finding in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the cut-off value differed by ethic and region. Currently there is no study among Thai population. Therefore, we aimed to identify the optimal cutoff value of calf circumference as a screening tool for low skeletal muscle mass in independent Thai older adults. Subgroup analysis was performed for obesity and adults over 75 years. METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort studied in an outpatient geriatric check-up clinic...

As the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors has been rising, gender differences in epidemiology and clinical behavior have emerged, and interest into a gender-driven management of these tumors has grown with the aim to improve survival and quality of life of these patients. Somatostatin Analogues represent the first line of systemic treatment of both functional and non-functional neuroendocrine tumors, through the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in the tumor cells, and proved effective in controlling hormonal hypersecretion and inhibiting tumor growth, improving progression-free survival and overall survival of these patients...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported strong correlations of emotional intelligence (EI) with mental health and wellbeing; it is also a powerful predictor of social functioning and personal adaption. Resilience is the ability to adapt to significant life stressors and is also crucial for maintaining and restoring physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate EI and resilience in healthy university students, with a focus on gender differences in EI and resilience components...

Introduction: Trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, formerly DS-8201a), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), are commonly used in metastatic breast cancer. However, their real-world safety profile has not been adequately compared. Objective: We aimed to investigate the adverse event (AE) profile of T-DM1 and T-DXd reported by the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: All indications were searched for T-DM1 and T-DXd, as primary suspected drugs, from FAERS data (January 2004 to June 2023)...

This review explores the impact of gender on medication adherence in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Optimal adherence to medication is crucial for achieving treatment goals and preventing adverse outcomes in chronic diseases. The review examines specific conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and heart failure. In type 2 diabetes, female sex, younger age, new drug prescription, non-white ethnicity, low education level, and low income were identified as predictors of non-adherence...

Glaucoma is a common irreversible vision loss disorder because of the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve axons. Major risk factors include elder age and high intraocular pressure (IOP). However, high IOP is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause glaucoma. Some non-IOP signaling cascades can mediate RGC degeneration. In addition, gender, diet, obesity, depression, or anxiety also contribute to the development of glaucoma. Understanding the mechanism of glaucoma development is crucial for timely diagnosis and establishing new strategies to improve current IOP-reducing therapies...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sex differences in the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been reported, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. However, sex differences in clinical presentation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic differences in patients with RLS between sexes by comparing clinical presentations, iron status, polysomnographic parameters, and treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 614 patients (225 men, 389 women) diagnosed with RLS...