Medication induced

Magnetic hyperthermia is a crucial medical engineering technique for treating diseases, which usually uses alternating magnetic fields (AMF) to interplay with magnetic substances to generate heat. Recently, it has been found that in some cases, there is no detectable temperature increment after applying an AMF, which caused corresponding effects surprisingly. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of Ca2+ overload in the magnetic hyperthermia effect without a perceptible temperature rise...

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and chemotherapy still serves as the cornerstone treatment functioning by inducing cytotoxic cell death. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that dying cell-released signals may induce cancer progression and metastasis by modulating the surrounding microenvironment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and targeting strategies are yet to be explored. METHODS: Apoptotic TNBC cells induced by paclitaxel or adriamycin treatment were sorted and their released extracellular vesicles (EV-dead) were isolated from the cell supernatants...

BACKGROUND: Aberrant fucosylation observed in cancer cells contributes to an augmented release of fucosylated exosomes into the bloodstream, where miRNAs including miR-4732-3p hold promise as potential tumor biomarkers in our pilot study. However, the mechanisms underlying the sorting of miR-4732-3p into fucosylated exosomes during lung cancer progression remain poorly understood. METHODS: A fucose-captured strategy based on lentil lectin-magnetic beads was utilized to isolate fucosylated exosomes and evaluate the efficiency for capturing tumor-derived exosomes using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA)...

BACKGROUND: Allopurinol has been causing substantial morbidity and mortality particularly in Asian population by producing cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs). Nonetheless, there are no data describing whether other genetics are a valid marker for prediction of allopurinol-induced cADRs patients in addition to HLA-B*58:01 allele. The goal of this study was to identify suitable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for allopurinol induced cADRs among Thai patients. METHODS: We conducted a case-control association study after enrolling 57 Thai patients with allopurinol induced cADRs and 101 allopurinol-tolerant controls...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although signals have been used in the residency application process by other specialties, family medicine residency directors have not previously participated. With applicant signal information available for the first time in the 2023-2024 application cycle, the current study describes family medicine residency program directors' intended use of signals and provides benchmarking descriptive data that may help inform best practices and future studies. METHODS: A total of 691 of the 745 family medicine program directors in US family medicine residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were surveyed...

OBJECTIVE: Impact kinematics are widely employed to investigate mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, they are susceptible to noise and artefacts; thus, require data filtering. Few studies have focused on how data filtering affects brain strain most relevant to TBI. Here, we report that impact-induced brain strains are much less sensitive to data filtering than kinematics based on three filtering methods: CFC180, lowpass 200Hz, and a new method called Head Exposure to Acceleration Database in Sport (HEADSport)...

The effect of Ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2) and its stabilizer on cardiac hypertrophy is not well known. C57/BL6 mice underwent transverse aortic contraction (TAC) or sham surgery were administered dantrolene, the RyR2 stabilizer, or control drug. Dantrolene significantly alleviated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, and RNA sequencing was performed implying calcineurin/NFAT3 and TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 as critical signaling pathways. Further expression analysis and Western blot with heart tissue as well as neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) model confirmed dantrolene decreases the activation of calcineurin/NFAT3 signaling pathway and TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which was similar to FK506 and might be attenuated by calcineurin overexpression...

Colon cancer is on the rise in both men and women. In addition to traditional treatment methods, herbal treatments from complementary and alternative medicine are actively followed. Naturally derived from plants, thymoquinone (TQ) has drawn a lot of attention in the field of cancer treatment. MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, is used to improve memory and plasticity, but it has also lately been explored as a potential cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine the roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate agonists and Thymoquinone on mitochondria and apoptosis...

Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are genetically heterogeneous with hundreds of identified risk genes, most affecting only a few patients. Novel missense variants in these genes are being discovered as clinical exome sequencing is now routinely integrated into diagnosis, yet most of them are annotated as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUSs are a major roadblock in using patient genetics to inform clinical action. We developed a framework to characterize VUSs in Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A), a gene causing autosomal recessive ID with comorbid ASD in 40% of cases...

Secondary brain injury (SBI) occurs with a lag of several days post-bleeding in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and is a strong contributor to mortality and long-term morbidity. aSAH-SBI coincides with cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) release into the cerebrospinal fluid. This temporal association and convincing pathophysiological concepts suggest that CSF-Hb could be a targetable trigger of SBI. However, sparse experimental evidence for Hb's neurotoxicity in vivo defines a significant research gap for clinical translation...

BACKGROUND: Motion induced image artifacts have been the focus of many investigations for x-ray computed tomography (CT). Methodologies of combating patient motion include the use of gating devices to optimize the data acquisition, reduction in patient scan time via faster gantry rotation and large detector coverage, and the development of advanced reconstruction and post-processing algorithms to minimize motion artifacts. PURPOSE: Previously proposed approaches are generally "global" in nature in that motion is characterized for the entire image...

BACKGROUND: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications. However, whether macrophage-derived MALAT1 affects autophagic activity under hyperglycemic conditions is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of macrophage-derived MALAT1 and autophagy under hyperglycemic conditions. METHODS: Hyperglycemia was induced by culturing macrophages in 25 mM glucose for 1 h...

BACKGROUND: Mori Radicis Cortex (MRC) is the root bark of the mulberry family as Morus alba L. In Korea, it is known as "Sangbaegpi". While MRC has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, its specific mechanisms of action and impact on osteoporosis remain poorly understood. METHODS: To investigate the anti-osteoporosis effect of MRC, we examined the level of osteoclast differentiation inhibition in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced-RAW 264...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)...

The effects of PM2.5 on human health fluctuate greatly among various age groups, influenced by a range of physiological and immunological reactions. This paper compares the pathogenesis of the disease caused by PM2.5 in people of different ages, focusing on how children, adults, and the elderly are each susceptible to it because of differences in their bodies. Regarding children, exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many negative consequences. These factors consist of inflammation, oxidative stress, and respiratory problems, which might worsen pre-existing conditions and potentially cause neurotoxicity and developmental issues...

BACKGROUND: Colitis was the third most common immune-related adverse effect in melanoma patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). With the limitation of real-world data in the UK population, this study was conducted in a UK hospital where a fresh colitis guidance was introduced to evaluate the overall grading (OG) to assess colitis severity and guide the treatment. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate colitis severity by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade and overall grade at time of presentation...

INTRODUCTION: Methotrexate (MTX) is effective for treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, but its potential hepatoxicity remains a concern. Liver biopsy, the gold standard for detecting MTX-induced liver injury, is invasive and carries considerable risk. Transient elastography (TE) offers a non-invasive alternative for detecting advanced liver fibrosis. This study investigated the performance of TE in detecting MTX-induced liver fibrosis among Chinese psoriasis patients, compared with liver biopsy...

BACKGROUND: The French RAMSES study is an observational prospective multicentre real-life cohort including severe asthmatic subjects. The objective of the study was to compare the characteristics of patients, in terms of phenotype and asthma care trajectories, between those managed by tertiary referral centres (TRCs) or secondary care centres (SCCs). METHODS: Patients were prospectively recruited and enrolled for a 5-year follow-up. Patients' characteristics were analysed at inclusion and compared between TRCs and SCCs...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a new hope for many patients with advanced cancer by blocking tumor immune escape. Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary tract epithelium that often relapses and metastasizes after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved patient survival rates and clinical benefits as a new, potentially effective therapy. However, avoidance of various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains an implausible idea. ICI-induced myocarditis is different from viral myocarditis, and mortality is still high with the current treatment...

OBJECTIVES: To provide a comprehensive summary of the different modalities available to measure soft tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. REVIEW METHODS: A search was conducted using a list of medical subject headings and terms related to head and neck oncology, radiation fibrosis, and quantitative measurements, including bioimpedance, MRI, and ultrasound. Original research related to quantitative measurement of neck fibrosis post-radiotherapy was included without time constraints, while reviews, case reports, non-English texts, and inaccessible studies were excluded...