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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanna Nybacka, Hans Törnblom, Axel Josefsson, Johann P Hreinsson, Lena Böhn, Åsa Frändemark, Cecilia Weznaver, Stine Störsrud, Magnus Simrén
BACKGROUND: Dietary advice and medical treatments are recommended to patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies have not yet compared the efficacy of dietary treatment with pharmacological treatment targeting the predominant IBS symptom. We therefore aimed to compare the effects of two restrictive dietary treatment options versus optimised medical treatment in people with IBS. METHODS: This single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a specialised outpatient clinic at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden...
April 18, 2024: Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James Shaw, Joseph Ali, Caesar A Atuire, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Armando Guio Español, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Adrienne Hunt, Daudi Jjingo, Katherine Littler, Daniela Paolotti, Effy Vayena
BACKGROUND: The ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care and public health continues to be an urgent issue for attention in policy, research, and practice. In this paper we report on central themes related to challenges and strategies for promoting ethics in research involving AI in global health, arising from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), held in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2022. METHODS: The GFBR is an annual meeting organized by the World Health Organization and supported by the Wellcome Trust, the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the South African MRC...
April 18, 2024: BMC Medical Ethics
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca R Valentino, William J Scotton, Shanu F Roemer, Tammaryn Lashley, Michael G Heckman, Maryam Shoai, Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco, Nicole Tamvaka, Ronald L Walton, Matthew C Baker, Hannah L Macpherson, Raquel Real, Alexandra I Soto-Beasley, Kin Mok, Tamas Revesz, Elizabeth A Christopher, Michael DeTure, William W Seeley, Edward B Lee, Matthew P Frosch, Laura Molina-Porcel, Tamar Gefen, Javier Redding-Ochoa, Bernardino Ghetti, Andrew C Robinson, Christopher Kobylecki, James B Rowe, Thomas G Beach, Andrew F Teich, Julia L Keith, Istvan Bodi, Glenda M Halliday, Marla Gearing, Thomas Arzberger, Christopher M Morris, Charles L White, Naguib Mechawar, Susana Boluda, Ian R MacKenzie, Catriona McLean, Matthew D Cykowski, Shih-Hsiu J Wang, Caroline Graff, Rashed M Nagra, Gabor G Kovacs, Giorgio Giaccone, Manuela Neumann, Lee-Cyn Ang, Agostinho Carvalho, Huw R Morris, Rosa Rademakers, John A Hardy, Dennis W Dickson, Jonathan D Rohrer, Owen A Ross
BACKGROUND: Pick's disease is a rare and predominantly sporadic form of frontotemporal dementia that is classified as a primary tauopathy. Pick's disease is pathologically defined by the presence in the frontal and temporal lobes of Pick bodies, composed of hyperphosphorylated, three-repeat tau protein, encoded by the MAPT gene. MAPT has two distinct haplotypes, H1 and H2; the MAPT H1 haplotype is the major genetic risk factor for four-repeat tauopathies (eg, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration), and the MAPT H2 haplotype is protective for these disorders...
May 2024: Lancet Neurology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Jeffrey, Lana Woolford, Rishma Maini, Siddharth Basetti, Ashleigh Batchelor, David Weatherill, Chris White, Vicky Hammersley, Tristan Millington, Calum Macdonald, Jennifer K Quint, Robin Kerr, Steven Kerr, Syed Ahmar Shah, Igor Rudan, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Colin R Simpson, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Chris Robertson, Lewis Ritchie, Aziz Sheikh, Luke Daines
BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a debilitating multisystem condition. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of long COVID in the adult population of Scotland, and to identify risk factors associated with its development. METHODS: In this national, retrospective, observational cohort study, we analysed electronic health records (EHRs) for all adults (≥18 years) registered with a general medical practice and resident in Scotland between March 1, 2020, and October 26, 2022 (98-99% of the population)...
May 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlyle McCready, Heather J Zar, Shaakira Chaya, Carvern Jacobs, Lesley Workman, Zoltan Hantos, Graham L Hall, Peter D Sly, Mark P Nicol, Dan J Stein, Anhar Ullah, Adnan Custovic, Francesca Little, Diane M Gray
BACKGROUND: Early life is a key period that determines long-term health. Lung development in childhood predicts lung function attained in adulthood and morbidity and mortality across the life course. We aimed to assess the effect of early-life lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and associated risk factors on lung development from birth to school age in a South African birth cohort. METHODS: We prospectively followed children enrolled in a population-based cohort from birth (between March 5, 2012 and March 31, 2015) to age 5 years with annual lung function assessment...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lance Turtle, Sarah Elliot, Thomas M Drake, Mathew Thorpe, Emma G Khoury, William Greenhalf, Hayley E Hardwick, Gary Leeming, Andy Law, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Riinu Pius, Catherine A Shaw, J Kenneth Baillie, Peter J M Openshaw, Annemarie B Docherty, Malcolm G Semple, Ewen M Harrison, Carlo Palmieri
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than many other patient groups. However, how this risk evolved during the pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to determine, on the basis of the UK national pandemic protocol, how factors influencing hospital mortality from COVID-19 could differentially affect patients undergoing cancer treatment. We also examined changes in hospital mortality and escalation of care in patients on cancer treatment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Oncology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anip Joshi, Deepa Shrestha
BACKGROUND: The patient satisfaction study is an important and commonly used valid indicator for service quality improvement in healthcare institutions. The aim of this study was to assess the service utilization and patient satisfaction in patients admitted under surgical service in Bir Hospital. METHODS: A prospective cross sectional analytical study was conducted in Bir Hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2021 till June 2023. The patient satisfaction data was collected using the SAPS scale after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board...
March 31, 2024: Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anil Suryabanshi, Binita Timilsina, Smriti Shakya, Shambhu Khanal, Vijay Yadav, Amir Joshi
BACKGROUND: Rheumatic heart disease is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing nations and is a leading cause of hospital admission due to cardiac problems in our country. This study will evaluate the association between left atrial size and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and describe the clinical characteristics along with complications related to Rheumatic Mitral valve disease. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center from January 2018 to December 2019...
March 31, 2024: Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rohan Borschmann, Stuart A Kinner
BACKGROUND: Formerly incarcerated people have exceptionally poor health profiles and are at increased risk of preventable mortality when compared with their general population peers. However, not enough is known about the epidemiology of mortality in this population-specifically the rates, causes, and timing of death in specific subgroups and regions-to inform the development of targeted, evidence-based responses. We aimed to document the incidence, timing, causes, and risk factors for mortality after release from incarceration...
April 10, 2024: Lancet
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emil K Gustavsson, Jordan Follett, Joanne Trinh, Sandeep K Barodia, Raquel Real, Zhiyong Liu, Melissa Grant-Peters, Jesse D Fox, Silke Appel-Cresswell, A Jon Stoessl, Alex Rajput, Ali H Rajput, Roland Auer, Russel Tilney, Marc Sturm, Tobias B Haack, Suzanne Lesage, Christelle Tesson, Alexis Brice, Carles Vilariño-Güell, Mina Ryten, Matthew S Goldberg, Andrew B West, Michele T Hu, Huw R Morris, Manu Sharma, Ziv Gan-Or, Bedia Samanci, Pawel Lis, Maria Teresa Periñan, Rim Amouri, Samia Ben Sassi, Faycel Hentati, Francesca Tonelli, Dario R Alessi, Matthew J Farrer
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial causes, among which genetic risk factors play a part. The RAB GTPases are regulators and substrates of LRRK2, and variants in the LRRK2 gene are important risk factors for Parkinson's disease. We aimed to explore genetic variability in RAB GTPases within cases of familial Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We did whole-exome sequencing in probands from families in Canada and Tunisia with Parkinson's disease without a genetic cause, who were recruited from the Centre for Applied Neurogenetics (Vancouver, BC, Canada), an international consortium that includes people with Parkinson's disease from 36 sites in 24 countries...
April 10, 2024: Lancet Neurology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roxana Zamudio, Patrick Boerlin, Michael R Mulvey, Marisa Haenni, Racha Beyrouthy, Jean-Yves Madec, Stefan Schwarz, Ashley Cormier, Gabhan Chalmers, Richard Bonnet, George G Zhanel, Heike Kaspar, Alison E Mather
BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are third and fourth generation cephalosporin antimicrobials used in humans and animals to treat infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Resistance to ESCs (ESC-R) in Enterobacterales is predominantly due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (AmpCs). The dynamics of ESBLs and AmpCs are changing across countries and host species, the result of global transmission of ESC-R genes...
April 11, 2024: EBioMedicine
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J Foley, Christopher A Rajkumar, Fiyyaz Ahmed-Jushuf, Florentina A Simader, Shayna Chotai, Rachel H Pathimagaraj, Muhammad Mohsin, Ahmed Salih, Danqi Wang, Prithvi Dixit, John R Davies, Tom R Keeble, Claudia Cosgrove, James C Spratt, Peter D O'Kane, Ranil De Silva, Jonathan M Hill, Sukhjinder S Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Ricardo Petraco, Ghada W Mikhail, Ramzi Khamis, Tushar Kotecha, Frank E Harrell, Peter Kellman, Darrel P Francis, James P Howard, Graham D Cole, Matthew J Shun-Shin, Rasha K Al-Lamee
BACKGROUND: The coronary sinus reducer (CSR) is proposed to reduce angina in patients with stable coronary artery disease by improving myocardial perfusion. We aimed to measure its efficacy, compared with placebo, on myocardial ischaemia reduction and symptom improvement. METHODS: ORBITA-COSMIC was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted at six UK hospitals. Patients aged 18 years or older with angina, stable coronary artery disease, ischaemia, and no further options for treatment were eligible...
April 4, 2024: Lancet
#13
REVIEW
Valsamma Eapen, Brigitte Gerstl, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, James Rufus John, Patrick Hawker, Thomas P Nguyen, Febe Brice, Teresa Winata, Michael Bowden
BACKGROUND: Brief intervention services provide rapid, mobile and flexible short-term delivery of interventions to resolve mental health crises. These interventions may provide an alternative pathway to the emergency department or in-patient psychiatric services for children and young people (CYP), presenting with an acute mental health condition. AIMS: To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of brief interventions in improving mental health outcomes for CYP (0-17 years) presenting with an acute mental health condition...
April 11, 2024: BJPsych Open
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine Ann Staines, Fiona R Saunders, Alex Ireland, Richard M Aspden, Jennifer S Gregory, Rebecca J Hardy, Rachel Cooper
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine associations between height gain across childhood and adolescence with hip shape in individuals aged 60-64 years from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally representative British birth cohort. METHODS: Height was measured at ages 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 15 years, and self-reported at age 20 years. 10 modes of variation in hip shape (HM1-10), described by statistical shape models, were previously ascertained from DXA images taken at ages 60-64 years...
April 10, 2024: RMD Open
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tegan Triggs, Kylie Crawford, Jesrine Hong, Vicki Clifton, Sailesh Kumar
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to detail incidence rates and relative risks for severe adverse perinatal outcomes by birthweight centile categories in a large Australian cohort of late preterm and term infants. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton infants (≥34+0 weeks gestation) between 2000 and 2018 in Queensland, Australia. Study outcomes were perinatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity, and other severe morbidity. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi-squared tests...
April 2024: The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific
#16
REVIEW
Hannah Greenwood, Katelyn Barnes, Justin Clark, Lauren Ball, Loai Albarqouni
BACKGROUND: Salt substitution is a simple yet increasingly promising strategy to improve cardiovascular outcomes. PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of salt substitution on cardiovascular outcomes. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL searched from inception to 23 August 2023. Trial registries, citation analysis, and hand-search were also done. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing provision of or advice to use a salt substitute with no intervention or use of regular salt among adults for 6 months or longer in total study duration...
April 9, 2024: Annals of Internal Medicine
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen M Elias, Shanchita R Khan, Eva Stadler, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Tari Turner, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
BACKGROUND: Surrogates of antiviral efficacy are needed for COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the virological effect of treatment and clinical efficacy as measured by progression to severe disease in outpatients treated for mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and medRxiv from database inception to Aug 16, 2023, for randomised placebo-controlled trials that tested virus-directed treatments (ie, any monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, or antivirals) in non-hospitalised individuals with COVID-19...
April 4, 2024: The Lancet. Microbe
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tiffeney Mann, Rishi K Gupta, Byron W P Reeve, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu, Aneesh Chandran, Amirtha P Krishna, Claire J Calderwood, Happy Tshivhula, Zaida Palmer, Selisha Naidoo, Desiree L Mbu, Grant Theron, Mahdad Noursadeghi
BACKGROUND: Undiagnosed tuberculosis remains a major threat for people living with HIV. Multiple blood transcriptomic biomarkers have shown promise for tuberculosis diagnosis. We sought to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility for systematic pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) tuberculosis screening. METHODS: We enrolled consecutive adults (age ≥18 years) referred to start ART at a community health centre in Cape Town, South Africa, irrespective of symptoms...
April 4, 2024: Lancet Global Health
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Byron W P Reeve, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu, Hridesh Mishra, Zaida Palmer, Happy Tshivhula, Loren Rockman, Selisha Naidoo, Desiree L Mbu, Charissa C Naidoo, Brigitta Derendinger, Gerhard Walzl, Stephanus T Malherbe, Paul D van Helden, Fred C Semitala, Christina Yoon, Rishi K Gupta, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Robin M Warren, Grant Theron
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis, a major cause of death in people living with HIV, remains challenging to diagnose. Diagnostic accuracy data are scarce for promising triage and confirmatory tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP), sputum and urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), and urine Determine TB LAM Ag (a lateral flow lipoarabinomannan [LF-LAM] test), without symptom selection. We evaluated novel triage and confirmatory tests in ambulatory people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
April 4, 2024: Lancet Global Health
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Chen, Xixian Ruan, Tian Fu, Shiyuan Lu, Dipender Gill, Zixuan He, Stephen Burgess, Edward L Giovannucci, Susanna C Larsson, Minzi Deng, Shuai Yuan, Xue Li
BACKGROUND: The causal associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the risk of gastrointestinal disease are unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine these associations. METHODS: Genetic instruments associated with leisure screen time (LST, an indicator of a sedentary lifestyle) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at the genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8 ) level were selected from a genome-wide association study...
April 6, 2024: EBioMedicine
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