colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease.

The link between inflammation and cancer is well documented and colonic inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be a high-risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The complex crosstalk between epithelial and inflammatory cells is thought to underlie the progression from inflammation to cancer. The present review collates and summarises recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC), including the oncogenic mechanisms of the main inflammatory signalling pathways and genetic alterations induced by oxidative stress during colonic inflammation, and discusses the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment, intestinal flora and host immune factors during inflammatory oncogenesis in colitis-associated CRC...

AIM: Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer (CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease. CRC may also be discovered incidentally at IPAA for other indications. We sought to determine whether incidentally found CRC at IPAA was associated with worse outcomes. METHODS: Our institutional pouch registry (1983-2021) was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with CRC at pathology after IPAA were divided into two groups: a preoperative diagnosis (PreD) group and an incidental diagnosis (InD) group...

BACKGROUND: The value of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGIE; colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) relates to its ability to detect clinically relevant findings, predominantly cancers, preneoplastic polyps or inflammatory bowel disease. There are concerns that many LGIEs are performed on low-risk patients with limited benefit. AIMS: To determine the diagnostic outcomes of LGIE for common symptoms. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of diagnostic LGIE between March 2019 and February 2020 using the UK National Endoscopy Database...

The diagnostics of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous lesions in the colon is one of the most urgent matters to be considered for the modern protocols of complex examination, recommended for use from the age of 45 years, and including both instrumental and laboratory methods of research: Colonoscopy, CT colonography, flexible sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test, fecal immunohistochemistry test and stool DNA test Nevertheless, the removal of those precancerous lesions does not solve the issue, and, apart from the regular endoscopic monitoring of patients who are at a high risk of developing CRC, the pharmacological treatment of certain key pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of CRC is required...

This article summarizes clinically important gastroenterology developments from 2023 for internal medicine specialists. In colorectal cancer screening, a new RNA fecal screening test is on the horizon, as well as a new analysis on the benefits of using artificial intelligence in screening colonoscopy to detect more polyps. There is new evidence for management of gastrointestinal bleeding, a new drug for treatment of recurrent small-intestinal angiodysplasia, and a new endoscopic treatment method in patients with gastrointestinal tumor bleeding...

The tight junction protein claudin-7 is essential for tight junction function and intestinal homeostasis. Cldn7 deletion in mice leads to an inflammatory bowel disease-like phenotype exhibiting severe intestinal epithelial damage, weight loss, inflammation, mucosal ulcerations, and epithelial hyperplasia. Claudin-7 has also been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis and invasion. Here, we test our hypothesis that claudin-7 plays an important role in regulating colonic intestinal stem cell function. Conditional knockout of Cldn7 in the colon led to impaired epithelial cell differentiation, hyperproliferative epithelium, a decrease in active stem cells, and dramatically altered gene expression profiles...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease may affect the pathogenesis and clinicopathologic course of colorectal cancer. We sought to characterize the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on outcomes after colectomy and/or proctectomy for a malignant indication. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer as well as a pre-existing comorbid diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis between 2018 and 2021 were identified from Medicare claims data. The postoperative textbook outcome was defined as the absence of complications, as well as no extended hospital stay, 90-day readmission, or mortality...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is reported to be rare in Africans. The objective of this study is to share the experience of our Gastroenterology practice in Calabar, Cross River State on IBD. METHODS: This is a ten-year review of the records of patients visiting the Gastroenterology clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and two private gastroenterology clinics in Calabar Municipality...

IMPORTANCE: Postpolypectomy surveillance is a common colonoscopy indication in older adults; however, guidelines provide little direction on when to stop surveillance in this population. OBJECTIVE: To estimate surveillance colonoscopy yields in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cross-sectional study included individuals 70 to 85 years of age who received surveillance colonoscopy at a large, community-based US health care system between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019; had an adenoma detected 12 or more months previously; and had at least 1 year of health plan enrollment before surveillance...

RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are essential for intestinal homeostasis. Dysregulation of ILC3s has been found in the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, yet the specific mechanisms still require more investigation. Here we observe increased β-catenin in intestinal ILC3s from inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer patients compared with healthy donors. In contrast to promoting RORγt expression in T cells, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ILC3s suppresses RORγt expression, inhibits its proliferation and function, and leads to a deficiency of ILC3s and subsequent intestinal inflammation in mice...

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related death in the United States. CRC is particularly prevalent in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. Adenocarcinoma represents more than 90% of new CRC diagnoses. The mucinous subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma is found in approximately 10-20% of all colorectal cancer patients and is most frequently located in the proximal colon. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the rectal stump of a patient who had previously undergone subtotal-colectomy with end ileostomy for Crohn's disease...

Various subtypes of nonconventional dysplasia have been recently described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that goblet cell deficient dysplasia and serrated dysplasia may be the primary precursor lesions for goblet cell deficient (GCDAC) and serrated (SAC) variants of colonic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Clinicopathologic features of 23 GCDAC and 10 SAC colectomy cases were analyzed. All dysplastic lesions found adjacent to the colorectal cancers (n = 22 for GCDACs and n = 10 for SACs) were subtyped as conventional, nonconventional, or mixed-type dysplasia...

BACKGROUND: The immune dysregulation underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can start years before the diagnosis, but the role of triggering factors and environmental exposures during this period is still uncertain. METHODS: This single-center case-control study included asymptomatic subjects with an incidental diagnosis of IBD during the colorectal cancer screening program. Twenty-two minerals and 17 metals were determined at diagnosis in hair samples and compared 1:2 to healthy controls...

Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been largely recognized as a surrogate marker of intestinal neutrophilic inflammation, very reliable in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel diseases and functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Aging has been suggested to influence FC results and their diagnostic accuracy; however, no studies are specifically targeted on this focus. In a retrospective study, we evaluated the eventual age-differences of the diagnostic accuracy of FC in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders...

Intestinal bacteria play important roles in the progression of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Colostrum-derived Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (Probio-M9) has shown a protective effect in a colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model, but detailed metagenomic analysis had not been performed. Here, we investigated the preventive effects of the probiotic Probio-M9 on CAC-model mice, tracking the microbiota. Feces were obtained at four time points for evaluation of gut microbiota. The effect of Probio-M9 on tight junction protein expression was evaluated in co-cultured Caco-2 cells...

BACKGROUND: During aging, chronic inflammation can promote tumor development and metastasis. Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying is still unclear. METHODS: We conducted a large-scale single-cell sequencing analysis comprising 432,314 single cells from 92 CRC and 24 IBD patients. The analysis focused on the heterogeneity and commonality of CRC and IBD with respect to immune cell landscape, cellular communication, aging and inflammatory response, and Meta programs...

AIM: Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) following total abdominal colectomy (TAC) allows for resortation of bowel continuity but prior studies have reported rates of anastomotic leak (AL) to be as high as 23%. We aimed to report rates of AL and complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing IRA. We hypothesized that AL rates were lower than previously reported and that selective use of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is associated with decreased AL rates. METHOD: Patients undergoing TAC or end-ileostomy reversal with IRA, with or without DLI, between 1980 and 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and retrospectively analysed...

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent cancer with high mortality worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of CRC based on the positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) result in the Iranian population. Methods: The present study was conducted on the health assessment data recorded in the SINA (Integrated Health Information System) in 2018 and 2019 from individuals who had participated in the national program, including asymptomatic people aged 50-69 years or had risk factors of CRC such as family or past personal history of CRC as well as symptomatic individuals, for the early detection and prevention of CRC in Mashhad, Iran...

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear and is associated with an increased risk of developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Under sustained inflammatory stimulation in the intestines, loss of early DNA damage response genes can lead to tumor formation. Many proteins are involved in the pathways of DNA damage response and play critical roles in protecting genes from various potential damages that DNA may undergo. ERCC4 is a structure-specific endonuclease that participates in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway...

Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study...