indian journal of pharmacology

Complications of parasite infections, especially kidney disease, have been linked to poorer outcomes. Acute kidney damage, glomerulonephritis, and tubular dysfunction are the most prevalent renal consequences of Parascaris equorum infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacological effects of green-produced zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on P. equorum infection in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were divided into two groups of 18 each: infected and non-infected. Both groups were separated into three subgroups, each of which received distilled water, 30 mg/kg ZnO NPs, and 60 mg/kg ZnO NPs...

Pharmacological therapies are used to control Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) symptoms for a brief period, discontinuing them usually results in recurrence. Canalolith repositioning maneuvers, including Epley, Semont, and Gans maneuvers, have been recommended for treating posterior canal BPPV with a high rate of success. A prospective, quasi-randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Epley, Semont, and Gans maneuvers in the treatment of posterior canal BPPV and their durability...

Rhinosinusitis is a prevalent condition worldwide affecting the developed and the third world countries alike. SNOT-22 is a validated disease-specific questionnaire designed to use in Chronic Rhino Sinusitis (CRS), which means to quantify patients perception of their disease burden. SNOT 22 questionnaire can chart patients nasal as well as psychological symptoms arising due to CRS and very well become marker of individual symptomatic improvement. To study the correlation between disease specific quality of life and endoscopy score after 1 month and 6 months of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Maternal hypotension is a common and dangerous consequence after a subarachnoid block for a caesarean section. Combining pharmacological methods such as norepinephrine infusion, ondansetron and non-pharmacological methods in delayed supine positioning better impacts the maternal haemodynamic profile. The present study assessed the benefits and adverse effects of combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in hypotension prophylaxis. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial was conducted at Cairo University Hospital's obstetric theatre from January to October 2020...

BACKGROUND: Bone health is affected by chronic childhood disorders including type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We conducted this randomized controlled trial with the objective of investigating the effect of 1-year supplementation of vitamin-D with milk or with pharmacological calcium on bone mass accrual in underprivileged Indian children and youth with T1DM. METHODS: 5 to 23year old (n = 203) underprivileged children and youth with T1DM were allocated to one of three groups: Milk (group A-received 200 ml milk + 1000 international unit (IU) vitamin-D3/day), Calcium supplement (group B-received 500 mg of calcium carbonate + 1000 IU of vitamin-D3/day) or standard of care/control (group C)...

Lowering of cholesterol containing atherogenic particles through lipid lowering therapies is of outmost important in both in the elderly age group and younger age group in reducing the cardiovascular risk. This chapter summarizes the current existing knowledge regarding the factors which affects the key decision-making process in patients with older age, and also in special circumstance where the direct evidence of benefit for cholesterol lowering is lacking. Effort has been made to briefly summarize the recommendations to the patient and his/her family based on risk stratification of atherosclerotic versus non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, comorbidity burden, quality of life, survival prognosis, lifestyle/socioeconomic status and presence of frailty...

OBJECTIVES: Stress is an aversive stimulus which disrupts the biological milieu of the organism and a variety of emotional and environmental stressors are known to influence allergic and immunological disorders like bronchial asthma but the pharmacological basis of such interactions is not clearly defined. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is a potent anti-stress agent used widely in Indian traditional medicine and the present experimental study evaluated the effects of W. somnifera extract (WSE) on chronic stress-induced neurobehavioral and immunological responses in an experimental model of allergic asthma in rats...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) ranks as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with dementia and it accounts for more than 70% of all cases. Despite extensive reporting on the experimental investigation of Datura innoxia (DI) and its phytochemical components in the treatment of AD, the urgent need for elucidation of the principle of multi-mechanism and multi-level treatment of AD remains. In this research, molecular docking and network pharmacology were used to evaluate active compounds and molecular targets of DI for the treatment of AD...

We report a long QT syndrome 15 whose diagnosis was suspected during foetal life and confirmed at birth and was associated with congenital heart disease. Genetic testing revealed a rare mutation associated with the CALM2 gene. At 23 weeks of gestation, severe foetal sinus bradycardia (∼100 bpm) was detected. In the third trimester, the foetus developed severe right ventricular hypertrophy. At birth, the electrocardiogram showed a long QT interval of 640 ms, and after 1 hour, the newborn showed functional 2:1 atrioventricular block at ventricular rate of 50 bpm...

OBJECTIVES: Despite significant advancements in modern medicine, effective hepatoprotective medication with minimal side effects is still lacking. In this context. Tinospora cordifolia, an Indian Ayurvedic liana, has attracted much attention. KEY FINDINGS: Traditionally, T. cordifolia has been found to be effective in the treatment of jaundice; according to the literature, T. cordifolia is a hepatoprotective agent, and the CCl4 model is the most frequently used to evaluate its potential...

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant bacterial strains cause several serious infections that can be fatal, such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae (often referred to as ESKAPE pathogens). Since ancient times, several indigenous medical systems in India have utilized diverse medicinal plants (approximately 80,000 species) as conventional treatments for a variety of illnesses. A member of the Fabaceae family, also referred to as "Himalayan indigo," Indigofera heterantha Wall, is well known for its therapeutic properties...

BACKGROUND: The National Mental Health Survey reports a prevalence of 2.7% for depressive disorders in India. The services for depression patients may be organized differently in India as compared to Western countries. It is important to consider studies conducted in India to determine effective interventions for depression catered specifically to the needs of the Indian population. We intended to systematically review the articles studying the usefulness of various treatment modalities in the management of depression in the Indian context...

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of several pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments, a significant proportion of patients with alcohol dependence relapse to alcohol use after treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the 6-month course and outcome in treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome and to determine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of the outcome in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal observational study was conducted in treatment-seeking male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver cells caused by means other than alcohol consumption. It is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and can lead to severe conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, and is closely related to lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity [1]. The diagnosis as well as management of NAFLD are complex and involve a multidisciplinary approach...

INTRODUCTION: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) constitute a widely utilized pharmaceutical class, frequently associated with notable instances of therapeutic inappropriateness. Such patterns of misuse not only contribute to elevated healthcare expenditure, but may also exacerbate clinical conditions in certain patients. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted between 2019 and 2023 to assess all prescriptions dispensed using the Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification system, which allowed trends among primary PPIs to be visualized...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis and determine the predictive factors of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed among patients with psoriasis. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Psoriasis treatment was categorized as topical agents, phototherapy, oral therapy, and biologics. Predictive factors of PsA development were determined using logistic regression analyses...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nerium oleander is used to treat liver-associated chronic metabolic diseases in traditional medicinal systems across the globe. The hepatoprotective effects of oleander are mentioned in Indian and Chinese traditional medicinal literature. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective effects of a non-toxic dose of oleander (NO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hepatoprotective effects of NO were tested against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HepG2 cells...

BACKGROUND: Bitter melon has been used to stop the growth of breast cancer (BRCA) cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. AIM: To predict the therapeutic effect of bitter melon against BRCA using network pharmacology and to explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms. METHODS: The active ingredients of bitter melon and the related protein targets were taken from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutics and SuperPred databases, respectively...

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for preventable cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality globally, with majority of the hypertension-attributed deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries like India. Several international and national clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide evidence-informed recommendations to achieve optimal control. CPGs produced by the World Health Organization, International Society for Hypertension, American (AHA/ACC-2017), and European (ESC/ESH-2018) are "major" as they are widely used and are highly cited...

Poor mental health due to stigma and discrimination has been well documented among women living with HIV. Although they often have other marginalized and stigmatized identities, little is known about their mental health as a result of experiencing multiple stigmas. Current narratives of mental health as a result of HIV-related stigma center on common mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, biomedical diagnostic categories may not be as well known in all cultural and social contexts, and people may choose to express their distress in their own language...