"fetal growth"

BACKGROUND: Numerous fetal growth curves have been developed from various subpopulations and geographic locations worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To determine the birthweight standard at the Maternity School and compare it to currently used standards in the clinical practice services. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study. Data from infants born between 2011 and 2016 were collected from the Maternity School Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro to define the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the birthweight by gestational age...

BACKGROUND: Frozen embryo transfer resulted in a higher birthweight and an increased risk of macrosomia than fresh embryo transfer. However, the mechanism was still unclear. When the impact of frozen embryo transfer on fetal growth began was unknown. Crown-rump length at 11-13 weeks had been regarded as a good indicator of fetal growth in the first trimester and had been used for gestational age calculation in women with uncertain last menstrual periods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between frozen embryo transfer and early fetal growth, particularly the crown-rump length, then fresh embryo transfer...

Previous reports indicated that zinc deficiency could increase the risk of infectious diseases and developmental retardation in children. In experimental study, it has been reported that zinc deficiency during the embryonic period inhibited fetal growth, and disturbed neural differentiation and higher brain function later in adulthood. Although it has been suggested that zinc deficiency during development can have significant effects on neuronal differentiation and maturation, the molecular mechanisms of the effects of low zinc on neuronal differentiation during development have not been elucidated in detail...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight to predict birthweight in very preterm infants (<32 weeks), and to compare the accuracy of estimated fetal weight (EFW) between those small for gestational age (SGA) and those appropriate for gestational age (AGA). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted of data recorded between January 2010 and March 2023. Included were women with singleton livebirths at 23+0-31+6 weeks who had an EFW within one week from delivery...

BACKGROUND: In low-risk pregnancies, third trimester ultrasound examination is indicated if fundal height measurement and gestational age discrepancy is observed. Despite potential improvement in detection of ultrasound abnormality, prior trials to date on universal third trimester ultrasound examination in low-risk pregnancies, compared to indicated ultrasound examination, have not demonstrated improvement in neonatal or maternal adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine if universal third trimester ultrasound examination in low-risk pregnancies could attenuate composite neonatal adverse outcome...

OBJECTIVE: If a small for gestational age (SGA) foetus needs to be delivered because of severity (< 3rd centile) attempting induction of labor theoretically increases the risk of caesarean section and neonatal acidosis, but these risks are poorly understood. This article aims to assess the risk of caesarean section and neonatal acidosis in attempted vaginal birth of a moderately preterm foetus in the setting of severe SGA. METHOD: A single-centre hospital-based observational study conducted over a period of 17 consecutive years in mothers with a single foetus in cephalic presentation with severe SGA (< 3rd centile) needing foetal extraction...

INTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) may affect placental transfer of key nutrients to the fetus, such as the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (MFSD2A) has been described as a specific DHA carrier in placenta, but its expression has not been studied in FGR. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the placental MFSD2A levels in late-FGR pregnancies and the maternal and cord plasma DHA. METHODS: 87 pregnant women from a tertial reference center were classified into late-FGR (N = 18) or control (N = 69)...

INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy, the dynamic metabolic demands for fetal growth require a continuous supply of essential metabolites. Understanding maternal metabolome changes during gestation is crucial for predicting disease risks in neonates. METHODS: The study aimed to characterize the placental and amniotic fluid (AF) metabolomes during gestation in rats at gestational days GD-13 and 19 reflecting the end of the embryonic and fetal periods, respectively, and the maternal plasma, using metabolomics (LC-MS) and chemometrics...

BACKGROUND: Toxic heavy metal exposure and insufficiency or excess of essential heavy metals may have negative effects on pregnant women's health and fetal growth. To date, the predictors of pregnant women's heavy metal exposure levels remain unclear and vary with different regions. The study intended to explore potential predictors of exposure to heavy metals individually and high co-exposure to heavy metal mixtures. METHODS: We recruited 298 pregnant women in first trimester from prenatal clinics in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, and collected spot urine samples and questionnaire data on their demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, consumption of food and dietary supplement, and residential environment...

The precise molecular mechanism behind fetal growth restriction (FGR) is still unclear, although there is a strong connection between placental dysfunction, inadequate trophoblast invasion, and its etiology and pathogenesis. As a new type of non-coding RNA, circRNA has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of FGR. This investigation identified the downregulation of hsa_circ_0034533 (circTHBS1) in FGR placentas through high-sequencing analysis and confirmed this finding in 25 clinical placenta samples using qRT-PCR...

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of trisomy 7 mosaicism are diverse and nonspecific, so prenatal diagnosis is very difficult. CASE SUMMARY: Two pregnant women with abnormal prenatal screening results were included. One was a 22-year-old woman (G1P0). At 31st week of gestation, ultrasound revealed that the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle was 10 mm and the right renal pelvis had a separation of 7 mm. The other pregnant woman was 33 years old (G2P1L1A0), and her fetus was found to have a cardiac malformation at the 24th week of gestation...

To analyze the differences in risk factors and pregnancy outcomes between recurrent and initial pre-eclampsia(PE) with severe features. Data from recurrent (n = 128) and initial (n = 904) PE with severe features who terminated their pregnancy or gave birth at 20 weeks of gestation or later at the tertiary teaching hospital (Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital) from January 2016 to December 2022 were collected. Risk factors for recurrent PE with severe features and differences in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were assessed using the chi-square test, student t-test, or nonparametric test...

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether conventional methods of estimating fetal growth (Hadlock's formula), which relies heavily on abdominal circumference measurements, are accurate in fetuses with gastroschisis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed between the period January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2021 in a tertiary referral maternity hospital identifying all pregnancies with a diagnosis of gastroschisis. Projected fetal weight was obtained using the formula (EFW [Hadlock's formula] + 185 g × [X/7]) where X was the number of days to delivery...

OBJECTIVE: The American College of Obstetrics (ACOG) threshold for hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) differs from those of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). It is unknown if ACC/AHA hypertension levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) after 20 weeks gestation. The purpose of this study is to analyze APOs in women with blood pressure (BP) in the elevated or stage 1 range after 20 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of the nuMoM2b prospective cohort study of 10,038 nulliparous, singleton pregnancies between 2010-2014...

The placenta plays a critical role in nutrient-waste exchange between the maternal and fetal circulation, and thus impacts fetal growth and development. We have previously shown that nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2 ) inhalation exposure during gestation decreased fetal female pup and placenta mass [1], which persists in the following generation [2]. In utero exposed females, once mated, their offspring's placentas had increased capacity for H2 O2 production. Generation of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), have been shown to impact cyclooxygenase activity, specifically metabolites such as prostacyclin (PGI2 ) or thromboxane (TXA2 )...

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates, can negatively impact maternal and child health, contributing to impaired fetal growth, preterm birth, and pregnancy complications, as well as increased downstream risks of cardiometabolic disease and breast cancer. Notably, women of color (WOC) are the largest consumers of personal care products, which are a common source of EDC exposure. METHODS: The Let's Reclaim Our Ancestral Roots (Let's R...

BACKGROUND: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder, characterized by limited variety and/or quantity of food intake impacting physical health and psychosocial functioning. Children with ARFID often present with a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, and therefore consult various pediatric subspecialties; large-scale studies mapping comorbidities are however lacking. To characterize health care needs of people with ARFID, we systematically investigated ARFID-related mental and somatic conditions in 616 children with ARFID and >30,000 children without ARFID...

PURPOSE: The assessment of fetal biometry using ultrasound provides accurate pregnancy dating and also screening of fetal growth. Fetal biometry, which is common practice in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, is fetal morphometry, which involves taking measurements of the different anatomical body parts. These fetal dimensions vary on ethnicity. The aim of this study is to demonstrate fetal biometric parameters measurement results of the Central Anatolia Turkish population with detailed percentile tables and graphs to screen fetal growth more accurately...

IMPORTANCE: Perinatal stress and fetal growth restriction increase the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. The underlying pathomechanism is poorly understood. In a sheep model, elevated catecholamine concentrations were found to suppress intrauterine insulin secretion, followed by hyperresponsive insulin secretion once the adrenergic stimulus subsided. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether neonates with risk factors for hypoglycemia have higher catecholamine concentrations in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and/or amniotic fluid (AF) and whether catecholamines are correlated with postnatal glycemia...

Globally preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal & perinatal morbidity & mortality. Zinc is an important trace element which is essential in pregnancy for fetal growth. Essentiality of zinc during pregnancy is evident. The cross sectional study was performed to estimate the comparison of serum zinc level in between preeclamptic patient and normal pregnancy. This study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2017 in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Total 100 pregnant women were included as study population...