viral uveitis

PURPOSE: This review examined existing literature to determine various ocular manifestations of liver pathologies, with a focus on metabolic deficiencies as well as viral and immune liver conditions. METHODS: Recent data were compiled from PubMed from 2000 to 2020 using keywords that were relevant to the assessed pathologies. Ocular presentations of several liver pathologies were researched and then summarized in a comprehensive form. RESULTS: Several ocular manifestations of liver disease were related to vitamin A deficiency, as liver disease is associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis...

Purpose: To report patients who first presented with various ocular manifestations and eventually ascertained to have underlying dengue. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at multiple tertiary eye-care centers in India from 2012 to 2022. Cases reporting initially with ocular features along with fever/past history of fever over the last two weeks or with clinical features of dengue were selected. After an ophthalmological examination, patients underwent complete serological and biochemical analysis and those with reduced platelet counts were evaluated for dengue...

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus, Filoviridae family, which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models, as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level (BSL)-4 facilities. Therefore, accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV. In this study, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein (VSV-EBOV/GP) was constructed and applied as a surrogate virus, establishing a lethal infection in hamsters...

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare but severe ophthalmic pathology defined by panuveitis, retinal necrosis, and high rates of retinal detachment. ARN may lead to poor visual outcomes even if promptly diagnosed and treated. ARN may present with a wide spectrum of clinical findings compatible with panuveitis including anterior uveitis, scleritis, vitritis, necrotizing retinitis, occlusive vasculitis, and optic disc edema. The American Uveitis Society introduced clinical criteria in 1994 for the diagnosis of ARN, while more recent criteria have been proposed by the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group and the Japanese ARN Study Group...

PURPOSE: To investigate differences in the retinal vessel area density (VAD) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) between eyes with unilateral herpetic viral anterior uveitis (VAU) (herpes-simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)) and the non-affected fellow eye. METHODS: In this monocentric, observational, prospective case series we analyzed the VAD of the macula, optic disc, and peripapillary region in affected and non-affected eyes of 22 patients with HSV-positive and 22 patients with VZV-positive VAU using OCTA...

BACKGROUND: Frosted branch angiitis is a retinal vascular condition that is associated with a viral infection or autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Behcet's disease. Frosted branch angiitis presents with vascular inflammation, retinal edema, and severe retinal vascular sheathing. We present a case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, an autoinflammatory disease, presenting with frosted branch angiitis. REPORT OF CASE: A 14-year-old female with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and a history of bilateral anterior uveitis developed acute unilateral vision loss and was found to have frosted branch angiitis complicated by branch retinal vein occlusion...

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated non-necrotizing viral retinopathy, occlusive retinal vasculitis, papillitis, and retinal neovascularization in a young 41-year-old woman. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The patient presented with features of papillitis, peripapillary cotton-wool spots, pre-retinal hemorrhages, and occlusive vasculitis. Her visual acuity was 20/100 in the left eye. She developed a worsening of the disease upon initiation of systemic corticosteroids...

OBJECTIVES: To report the ocular findings, laboratory results, and management of patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU), whose numbers increased during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic characteristics, ophthalmic examination findings, laboratory results including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), serum SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, and treatment of patients diagnosed with TINU between March 2020 and March 2022 were evaluated retrospectively...

Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) is a worldwide viral infection of felids. The disease is usually asymptomatic, but it can cause mild diarrhoea; however, few numbers of cases may develop a severe systemic disease known as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). This study aims to determine the prevalence of FCoV shedding in the faeces of stray cats in Kuwait and detect antibodies against FCoV in their serum. Histopathological analyses and RT‑PCR were used to prove cases of FIP. A total of 178 cats were examined for the presence of FCoV in their faeces using a rapid immunochromatography (IC) test...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with contralateral eye presenting as non-necrotizing herpetic uveitis. CASE REPORTS: Case 1: A 48-year-old female presented at our clinic with blurred vision in the right eye for 7 days. She was diagnosed with ARN in the left eye 2 weeks ago. Ophthalmic examination revealed reduced visual acuity in the right eye (20/33) with the presence of optic disc swelling and macular exudation without peripheral necrotic lesions...

PURPOSE: To report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as infectious retinitis that was diagnosed via a retinal biopsy. OBSERVATIONS: A 72-year-old female patient was referred to our ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of retinitis and vasculitis in the right eye (OD). On examination, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were hand motions OD and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). Fundus examination revealed optic disc edema and diffuse retinal whitening superior to the superotemporal arcade OD...

PURPOSE: Necrotizing viral retinitis is a serious eye infection that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Uncertain clinical suspicion can result in delayed diagnosis, inappropriate administration of corticosteroids, or repeated intraocular sampling. To quickly and accurately distinguish between viral and noninfectious retinitis, we aimed to develop deep learning (DL) models solely using noninvasive blood test data. METHODS: This cross-sectional study trained DL models using common blood and serology test data from 3080 patients (noninfectious uveitis of the posterior segment [NIU-PS] = 2858, acute retinal necrosis [ARN] = 66, cytomegalovirus [CMV], retinitis = 156)...

INTRODUCTION: Trochlear nerve palsy (TNP) is a common cause of vertical diplopia resulting from superior oblique muscle weakness. While herpes zoster is a well-documented cause of cranial neuropathies, reports of TNP associated with herpes zoster infection remain limited. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 65-year-old patient with typical herpes zoster ophthalmicus on the left side of his face with subsequent corneal endotheliitis and isolated TNP. The MRI revealed a faint enhancement at the cavernous sinus on the same side as the TNP...

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause a wide panel of ocular infections. The involvement of CMV as a cause of anterior uveitis in the immunocompetent patient is recent and remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of CMV in anterior uveal tissues of immunocompetent corneal donors. STUDY DESIGN: We collected aqueous humor, iris, and ciliary body from both eyes of 25 donors died at the Limoges University Hospital between January 2020 and July 2021...

An epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) began in North America in the winter of 2021. The introduced Eurasian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus subsequently reassorted with North American avian influenza strains. This postmortem study describes the lesions and influenza A virus antigen distribution in 3 species of raptors, including bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus , n = 6), red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis , n = 9), and great horned owls ( Bubo virginianus , n = 8), naturally infected with this virus strain based on positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results from oropharyngeal swabs...

BACKGROUND: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare presumed inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Unilateral cases often have fellow eye involvement within days to a few weeks. This report details a rare case of delayed contralateral APMPPE, in which unilateral lesion resolution was followed by contralateral eye involvement 31 months later. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old woman presented with three days of blurry vision and photopsias in the right eye (OD)...

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare form of posterior uveitis characterized by involvement in the posterior pole and mid-periphery. A viral etiology that provokes an immune-mediated response has been hypothesized to be the inciting factor of the pathology. Recently, there has been an increase in the literature regarding new-onset uveitis and reactivation of previously diagnosed cases of uveitis following COVID-19 vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccination has been speculated to trigger an immunomodulatory shift in recipients, resulting in an autoimmune event...

In ophthalmic practices in the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry, 1.6% of eyes with viral anterior uveitis underwent anterior chamber paracentesis. When performed, anterior chamber paracentesis was associated with a change in diagnosis in 42% of cases.

The purpose of this study is to describe worldwide gene therapy clinical trials aimed at treating ophthalmic disorders. Information regarding all worldwide clinical trials was collected through 15 different sources, including ClinicalTrials.gov. There were 159 gene therapy clinical trials on ophthalmic diseases up until 2022. Phase 1/2 trials had the highest frequency (50-32%), followed by phase 2 (33-21%); 107 trials (67%) were conducted in a single country, and 50 trials (31%) were multinational. Overall, the USA was the site of 113 (71%) single or multinational trials...

PURPOSE: To describe the most important cause of infectious posterior uveitis in pediatric patients. METHODS: Review of the literature. RESULTS: The most important causes of infectious uveitis in pediatric patients are: cat-scratch disease, toxocariasis, tuberculosis, viral diseases and toxoplasmosis. Ocular manifestations include retinitis, neuroretinitis, choroidal granulomas, peripheral granulomas and posterior pole granulomas. CONCLUSION: Infectious posterior uveitis is a challenging subject and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any posterior uveitis in children...