Colonic carcinoid tumor

BACKGROUND: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare tumors, often diagnosed in an advanced stage when curative treatment is impossible and grueling symptoms related to vasoactive substance release by tumor cells affect patients' quality of life. Cardiovascular complications of GEP-NENs, primarily tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease, and right-sided heart failure, are the leading cause of death, even compared to metastatic disease. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case of a 35-year-old patient with progressive dyspnea, back pain, polyneuropathic leg pain, and nocturnal diarrhea lasting for a decade before the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary with extensive liver metastases...

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), also historically known as carcinoids, are tumors derived of hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells. Carcinoids may be found in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon, rectum, or pancreas. The biologic behavior of carcinoids differs based on their location, with gastric and appendiceal NETs among the least aggressive and small intestinal and pancreatic NETs among the most aggressive. Ultimately, however, biologic behavior is most heavily influenced by tumor grade...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) typically present in the setting of metastasis from other solid organs and are considered late manifestations of the disease. Therefore, primary tumors are extremely rare. NETs of the colonic mesentery occur more than 70% of the time in the appendix, small intestine, and rectum. Here, we describe the case of a patient who presented with multiple episodes of diarrhea and abdominal pain, which was waxing and waning in occurrence, with CT findings of a rare primary NET.

This ENETS guidance paper, developed by a multidisciplinary working group, provides an update on the previous colorectal guidance paper in a different format. Guided by key clinical questions practical advice on the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the caecum, colon, and rectum is provided. Although covered in one guidance paper colorectal NET comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. The most common rectal NET are often small G1 tumours that can be treated by adequate endoscopic resection techniques...

Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) is a rare primary tumor of the appendix characterized by both epithelial and neuroendocrine components containing goblet cells. While in the past, the GCC has been associated with neuroendocrine tumors, recent studies consider that GCC is closer to adenocarcinoma than a neuroendocrine component. The association between gastro-intestinal (GI) carcinoids and second primary malignancies (SPMs) is widely described in the literature, but there is no reported case of GCC and synchronous adjacent adenocarcinoma of the colon...

PURPOSE: Diversion of tryptophan to tumoral hormonal production has been suggested to result in psychiatric illnesses in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). We measured the occurrence of psychiatric illness after NET diagnosis and compare it to colon cancer (CC). METHODS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study. Adults with NET were matched 1:1 to CC (2000-2019). Psychiatric illness was defined by mental health diagnoses and mental health care use after a cancer diagnosis, categorized as severe, other, and none...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) with high proliferative activity (Ki-67 index >20% and/or mitotic counts >2 mm2 ) are defined as NET G3 in the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). NETs G3 occur mostly in the pancreas, colon, rectum, and stomach and only rarely in the small intestine and the appendix. In the bronchopulmonary system, similar tumors have also been recognized and were mostly classified as atypical carcinoid (AC) or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Nonoperative management of acute appendicitis is increasingly common. However, small studies have demonstrated high rates of appendiceal cancer in interval appendectomy specimens. Therefore, we sought to identify national trends in appendiceal cancer incidence and histology. STUDY DESIGN: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients 18 years or older, diagnosed with a right-sided colon cancer (including appendiceal) from 2004 to 2017 who had undergone surgery...

Objectives: The ideal cut-off value for the diameter of metastasis-positive lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the correlation between the LN diameter and LN metastasis. Methods: A total of 148 LNs of 42 patients with colorectal NEN who underwent surgical dissection or local resection from April 2010 to March 2016 were included in the present study. The LN diameters were measured on computed tomography, and LN metastases were either pathologically proven or evaluated during the follow-up period...

We report a rare case of multiple primary malignancies, double primary lung cancers, and synchronous colon cancer. Double primary lung cancers were synchronous with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid (carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma). The patient subsequently underwent two surgeries, for lung and colon cancer, followed by four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed treatment for the lung adenocarcinoma, with an uneventful chemotherapy course. The patient has been followed up closely for the last 18 months via CT scans and tumor marker tests and has shown no evidence of recurrence or metastasis...

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous system. NETs, often found in the gastrointestinal tract, can be found anywhere in the body, and have metastatic potential. NETs occasionally present with metastatic disease without an identifiable primary tumor. CASE: A 79-year-old female patient presented with an abdominal wall mass. Percutaneous biopsy was consistent with a NET. Preoperative endoscopy and PillCam were unremarkable...

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid (CIAM) is a rare intestinal lesion consisting of conventional adenoma and small, well differentiated carcinoid [microcarcinoid (MC)] at its base. The incidence of CIAM is 3.8% in surgically resected colorectal polyps. While its pathogenesis is unknown, studies support the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the tumorigenesis of CIAM. CIAMs have been primarily reported in the colon wherein they present as polyps with well-defined margins, similar to conventional adenomatous polyps...

Goblet cell carcinoid or carcinoma (GCC) refers to an extremely rare appendiceal tumor usually diagnosed on post-operative histology as an incidental finding. Primary cancers of the vermiform appendix are quite rare, representing less than 1% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. GCCs are considered as a distinct entity of appendiceal tumors, consisting of both epithelial (glandular) and neuroendocrine elements containing goblet cells. This entity tends to be more aggressive than typical carcinoid tumors as it often presents with metastatic disease...

This is a narrative review focusing on neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) and bone status, in terms of metastases and osteoporosis/fractures. One fifth of NEN have skeletal dissemination, this affinity being regulated by intrinsic tumor factors such as the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Bone colonization impairs the patient quality of life, representing a surrogate of reduced survival. Patients with NEN without bone metastases may exhibit low bone mineral density, perhaps carcinoid-related osteoporosis, yet not a standardized cause of osteoporosis...

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., anti-programmed death-1(PD-1) or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, has gained more attention managing solid tumors. Pembrolizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) was approved in 2017 by the US FDA. REASON FOR THE REPORT: Pembrolizumab is not effective in microsatellite stable, mismatch-repair-proficient (MSS-pMMR) molecular phenotype, which comprises most CRC patients...

We report a case about successful surgical treatment of a granular cell tumor in the ascending colon. A 36-year-old man underwent screening colonoscopy. An endoscopic examination revealed a 10-mm yellowish and hemispheric mass in the ascending colon, and lower endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic-to-isoechoic mass invaded the submucosal layer. The mass was suspected to be a colonic carcinoid tumor. Based on the preoperative evaluation, endoscopic complete resection was considered difficult. Therefore, the lesion was removed via laparoscopic right hemicolectomy...

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCT) is rare in pre and postmenopausal age patients. Among various types of malignant transformation in MCT, adenocarcinoma is a rare subtype. Dual type tumors arising from ovarian MCT have been described in the literature very rarely. A 47-year-old postmenopausal female patient presented with abdominal mass for ten years. The radiological opinion was a dermoid cyst. Grossly, a 22 × 20 × 10 cm, unilocular cystic left ovarian mass with intact capsular surface and focal thickened wall measured 3...

BACKGROUND: Carcinoid heart disease (CaHD) develops from vasoactive substances released by neuroendocrine tumors, which can cause significant patient morbidity and mortality without surgical intervention. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate granular perioperative details and long-term outcomes in these patients. METHODS: Electronic search of Ovid, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was performed to examine surgical treatment of carcinoid disease...

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GINETs) (also known as "carcinoids") are rare tumors with reported incidence of up to 6.98 per 100,000 which has increased significantly due to the increased detection on imaging and endoscopy. They are most commonly located in the small bowel, particularly the terminal ileum. Patients with small bowel NETs may present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or carcinoid syndrome. However, the disease is mostly asymptomatic, and patients are usually diagnosed incidentally during routine colonoscopy...

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the appendix are often incidentally discovered after appendectomy. Appropriate management is debated. The purpose was to characterize a cohort of 335 appendix NEN and evaluate the risk of recurrence. METHODS: Retrospective collection of data from 335 patients referred to the Neuroendocrine Tumor Center at Rigshospitalet 2000-2019. Appendix goblet cell carcinoids and mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms were excluded...