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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura D Zambrano, Margaret M Newhams, Regina M Simeone, Amanda B Payne, Michael Wu, Amber O Orzel-Lockwood, Natasha B Halasa, Jemima M Calixte, Pia S Pannaraj, Kanokporn Mongkolrattanothai, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Satoshi Kamidani, Kathleen Chiotos, Melissa A Cameron, Aline B Maddux, Katherine Irby, Jennifer E Schuster, Elizabeth H Mack, Austin Biggs, Bria M Coates, Kelly N Michelson, Katherine E Bline, Ryan A Nofziger, Hillary Crandall, Charlotte V Hobbs, Shira J Gertz, Sabrina M Heidemann, Tamara T Bradford, Tracie C Walker, Stephanie P Schwartz, Mary Allen Staat, Samina S Bhumbra, Janet R Hume, Michele Kong, Melissa S Stockwell, Thomas J Connors, Melissa L Cullimore, Heidi R Flori, Emily R Levy, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Mia Maamari, Cindy Bowens, Danielle M Zerr, Judith A Guzman-Cottrill, Ivan Gonzalez, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph
Pediatric COVID-19 vaccination is effective in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalization, but duration of protection of the original monovalent vaccine during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron predominance merits evaluation, particularly given low coverage with updated COVID-19 vaccines. During December 19, 2021-October 29, 2023, the Overcoming COVID-19 Network evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of ≥2 original monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses against COVID-19-related hospitalization and critical illness among U...
April 18, 2024: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
#2
Chantal Li, Jennifer M Siu, Mary-Angela Woodward, Nikolaus E Wolter
Positive airway pressure from noninvasive ventilation is an essential tool for many pediatric patients with respiratory distress. We present a case of an unknown third branchial anomaly that was diagnosed following inflation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which exacerbated the infant's respiratory distress.
April 2024: Clinical Case Reports
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lana Mukharesh, Katie A Krone, Thomas E Hamilton, Hester F Shieh, Charles J Smithers, Zachary A Winthrop, Eleanor D Muise, Russell W Jennings, Somala Mohammed, Farokh R Demehri, Benjamin Zendejas, Gary A Visner
BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by excessive dynamic airway collapse. Severe TBM can be associated with substantial morbidity. Children with secondary TBM associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) and vascular-related airway compression (VRAC) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery. It is unclear if children with severe primary TBM, without secondary etiologies (EA/TEF, vascular ring, intrinsic pulmonary pathology, or complex cardiac disease) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery...
April 17, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hassaan Asif, Jennifer L McNeer, Nancy S Ghanayem, John F Cursio, Jason M Kane
OBJECTIVES: To characterize trends in noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use over time in children with hematologic malignancy admitted to the PICU with acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to identify risk factors associated with NIV failure requiring transition to IMV. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis using the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC) between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019. SETTING: One hundred thirteen North American PICUs participating in VPS...
April 2024: Critical care explorations
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie Cassibba, Guillaume Aubertin, Jean Benoit Martinot, Nam Le Dong, Eglantine Hullo, Nicole Beydon, Audrey Dupont-Athénor, Guillaume Mortamet, Jean Louis Pépin
BACKGROUND: The polysomnography (PSG) is the gold-standard for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome diagnosis and assessment under positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies in children. Recently, an innovative digital medicine solution, including a mandibular jaw movement (MJM) sensor coupled with automated analysis, has been validated as an alternative to PSG for pediatric application. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of MJM automated analysis for the assessment of residual apnea/hypopnea events during sleep in children with OSA treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous PAP (CPAP)...
April 9, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jane E O'Brien, Helene M Dumas, M Laurette Hughes, Brittany Ryan, Virginia S Kharasch
PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe daytime and nighttime use and outcome of non-invasive respiratory intervention (NIRI) for infants born prematurely and for children with medical complexity (CMC) during a post-acute care hospital (PACH) admission. METHODS: Thirty-eight initial PACH admissions (October 2018 through September 2020) for premature infants (< 1 year; n = 19) and CMC (> 1 year; n = 19) requiring NIRI during the day and/or at night were retrospectively examined...
April 2, 2024: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Orkun Baloglu, Lauren K Flagg, Ahmad Suleiman, Vedant Gupta, Jamie A Fast, Lu Wang, Sarah Worley, Hemant S Agarwal
Fluid overload has been associated with increased oxygen requirement, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and longer length of hospital stay in children hospitalized with pulmonary diseases. Critically ill infants with bronchiolitis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) also tend to develop fluid overload and there is limited information of its role on noninvasive respiratory support. Thus, our primary objective was to study the association of fluid overload in patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU with respiratory support escalation (RSE) and need for endotracheal intubation (ETI)...
March 2024: Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonia Khirani, Vivian Ducrot
Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including continuous (CPAP) and bilevel (BPAP) positive airway pressure, is increasingly used in children worldwide. In this narrative review, we present a comprehensive summary of the equipment available for home NIV in pediatrics, excluding neonates. NIV may be challenging in young children, as the majority of the equipment has been developed for adults. Regarding the interfaces, only a few masks have been specifically developed for young children in recent years, while older children may benefit from a large variety of interfaces...
March 28, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
#9
REVIEW
Richard Wolff, Benjamin Dudoignon, Jérôme Naudin, Amélia Madani, Christophe Delclaux, Plamen Bokov, Stéphane Dauger
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is an autosomal dominant disease that is caused by heterozygous mutations in the paired-like homeobox 2B gene (PHOX2B). Madani et al. described an abnormally high degree of not only central apnea but also obstructive and mixed apnea in Phox2b27Ala/+ newborn mice. Newborns with CCHS must undergo polysomnography for obstructive respiratory events in order to guide the optimal ventilation strategy if oxygen desaturation, bradycardia, and malaise persist under noninvasive ventilation...
April 2024: Archives de Pédiatrie: Organe Officiel de la Sociéte Française de Pédiatrie
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Judith Ju Ming Wong, Herng Lee Tan, Rehena Sultana, Yi-Jyun Ma, Apollo Bugarin Aguilan, Chen Yun Goh, Wen Cong Lee, Pavanish Kumar, Jan Hau Lee
BACKGROUND: Postextubation respiratory support in pediatric ARDS may be used to support the recovering respiratory system and promote timely, successful liberation from mechanical ventilation. This study's aims were to (1) describe the use of postextubation respiratory support in pediatric ARDS from the time of extubation to hospital discharge, (2) identify potential risk factors for postextubation respiratory support, and (3) provide preliminary data for future larger studies. METHODS: This pilot single-center prospective cohort study recruited subjects with pediatric ARDS...
March 27, 2024: Respiratory Care
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masae Mizogami, Hisaya Hasegawa, Yosuke Yamada, Masanori Wasa, Kenta Ikeda
BACKGROUND: The breathing intolerance index (BITI) is used to evaluate respiratory muscle tolerance. The higher the ratio of the inspiratory time to the total breathing time and the ratio of the tidal volume to the vital capacity, the more easily the respiratory muscles become fatigued. The BITI is high with chronic respiratory failure, and values of 0.15 or more indicate the need for assisted ventilation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the changes in the BITI of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and determine whether it is possible to use the BITI as an objective indicator of the timing of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) withdrawal...
March 19, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
#12
MULTICENTER STUDY
Robert J Willer, Patrick W Brady, Amy N Tyler, Jennifer D Treasure, Eric R Coon
IMPORTANCE: Most children's hospitals have adopted weight-based high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) bronchiolitis protocols for use outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Whether these protocols are achieving their goal of reducing bronchiolitis-related ICU admissions remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between hospital transition to weight-based non-ICU HFNC use and subsequent ICU admission. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted with a controlled interrupted time series approach and involved 18 children's hospitals that contribute data to the Pediatric Health Information Systems database...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yali Fu, Xiaoqin Li, Youxia Yu, Renfeng Li, Tian Shi
BACKGROUND: Due to immaturity, the nose of preterm infants can easily be injured, by even a short application of a nasal device. However, 20% to 60% of preterm infants suffer nasal damage while using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) due to weak skin tissue, prolonged use of nasal device, and improper nursing practices, leading to increased risk of infection and decreased compliance and tolerance. In this study, we retrieved, obtained and integrated the related evidences of prevention of nasal injury in premature infants with nasal noninvasive ventilation to provide reference for clinical practice...
February 29, 2024: Translational Pediatrics
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Garrett Keim, Akira Nishisaki
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2024: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlo Dani, Marcello Napolitano, Ciro Barone, Angelo Manna, Gabriella Nigro, Gianfranco Scarpelli, Elvira Bonanno, Sara Gatto, Francesco Cavigioli, Carlo Forcellini, Enrico Petoello, Renzo Beghini, Martina Ciarcià, Monica Fusco, Fabio Mosca, Anna Lavizzari, Eloisa Gitto, Letteria Barbuscia, Pasqua Betta, Carmine Mattia, Luigi Corvaglia, Stefania Vedovato, Giovanni Vento, Gianfranco Maffei, Raffaele Falsaperla, Paola Lago, Luca Boni, Gianluca Lista
INTRODUCTION: Approximately half of very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) fail treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and need mechanical ventilation (MV). OBJECTIVES: Our aim with this study was to evaluate if nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during less invasive surfactant treatment (LISA) can improve respiratory outcome compared with NCPAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an open-label randomized controlled trial at tertiary neonatal intensive care units in which infants with RDS born at 25+0 -31+6 weeks of gestation between December 1, 2020 and October 31, 2022 were supported with NCPAP before and after surfactant administration and received NIPPV or NCPAP during LISA...
January 22, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
#16
REVIEW
Islam Elmitwalli, Eslam Abdelhady, Sidhant Kalsotra, Alison Gehred, Joseph D Tobias, Vanessa A Olbrecht
INTRODUCTION: Noninvasive respiratory support may be provided to decrease the risk of postextubation failure following surgery. Despite these efforts, approximately 3%-27% of infants and children still experience respiratory failure after tracheal extubation following cardiac surgery. This systematic review evaluates studies comparing the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula to conventional oxygen therapy such as nasal cannula and other noninvasive ventilation techniques in preventing postextubation failure in this patient population...
February 22, 2024: Paediatric Anaesthesia
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Piastra, Enzo Picconi, Orazio Genovese, Vittoria Ferrari, Tony Christian Morena, Piero Valentini, Gennaro De Pascale, Massimo Antonelli, Giorgio Conti
Severe plasmodium falciparum infection can induce respiratory distress and clinical ARDS in children, requiring intensive care admission and respiratory support. We present 3 cases of imported malarial acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit, in the absence of any cerebral involvement. Radiological features and their relationship with severe hematological complications are also illustrated.
March 1, 2024: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Geneviève Du Pont-Thibodeau, Shu Yin Han Li, Laurence Ducharme-Crevier, Camille Jutras, Kostas Pantopoulos, Catherine Farrell, Nadia Roumeliotis, Karen Harrington, Céline Thibault, Noémi Roy, Akshay Shah, Jacques Lacroix, Simon J Stanworth
OBJECTIVES: Many children leave the PICU with anemia. The mechanisms of post-PICU anemia are poorly investigated, and treatment of anemia, other than blood, is rarely started during PICU. We aimed to characterize the contributions of iron depletion (ID) and/or inflammation in the development of post-PICU anemia and to explore the utility of hepcidin (a novel iron marker) at detecting ID during inflammation. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a single-center prospective study (November 2019 to September 2022)...
April 1, 2024: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
#19
REVIEW
Jeremy M Loberger, Katherine Steffen, Robinder G Khemani, Akira Nishisaki, Samer Abu-Sultaneh
Invasive mechanical ventilation is prevalent and associated with significant morbidity. Pediatric critical care teams must identify the best timing and approach to liberating (extubating) children from this supportive care modality. Unsurprisingly, practice variation is significant. As a first step to minimizing that variation, the first evidence-based Pediatric Ventilator Liberation Guidelines were published in 2023 and included 15 recommendations. Unfortunately, there is often a substantial delay before clinical guidelines reach widespread clinical practice...
February 12, 2024: Respiratory Care
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos, Alvaro L Jacome-Orozco, Andrea P Rodriguez-Mayorga, Leidy E Sepulveda-Forero, Diana P Escobar-Serna, Juan S Barajas, Evelyn Obando-Belalcazar, Claudia M Salinas-Jaimes, Juan J Peralta-Palmezano, Alexandra Jimenez-Chavez, Rafael E Camacho-Jimenez, Jesus A Dominguez-Rojas
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the ROX index's accuracy in predicting the success or failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in children under 2 years with acute respiratory failure (ARF) from lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS: From January 2018 to 2021 we conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study, which included patients aged 2-24 months. We aimed to assess HFNC therapy outcomes as either success or failure. The analysis covered patient demographics, diagnoses, vital signs, and ROX index values at intervals from 0 to 48 h after initiating HFNC...
February 2, 2024: Pediatric Pulmonology
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