AV Block

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Sinus venosus atrial septal defects (SVASDs), concurrent with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs), are a rare congenital heart disease in dogs. Surgical correction is essential when clinical signs or significant hemodynamic changes are present. We aimed to report on the successful surgical correction of an SVASD with PAPVCs, using a computed tomography (CT)-based customized 3D cardiac model. A 10-month-old male poodle was referred for corrective surgery for an ASD. Echocardiography confirmed a hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunting flow through an interatrial septal defect and severe right-sided heart volume overload...

In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), concomitant treatment using anti arrhythmic drugs (AADs) can lead to clinical success. However, patients with atrioventricular (AV) block may not be good candidates for concomitant AAD therapy due to the risk of further worsening of conduction abnormalities. Cardioneuroablation (CNA), as an adjunct to PVI, may offer a solution to this problem. We present a case of a 74-year-old male with paroxysmal AF and first degree AV block in whom CNA following PVI led to PR normalization...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Arrhythmia is the most common cardiac complication after ischemic stroke. Connexin 40 is the staple component of gap junctions, which influences the propagation of cardiac electrical signals in the sinoatrial node. However, the role of connexin 40 in post-stroke arrhythmia remains unclear. METHODS: In this study, a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used to simulate the occurrence of an ischemic stroke. Subsequently, an electrocardiogram was utilized to record and assess variations in electrocardiogram measures...

INTRODUCTION: With the implementation of early reperfusion therapy, the number of complications in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has diminished significantly. However, ACS patients are still routinely admitted to units with high-level monitoring such as the coronary or intensive care unit (CCU/ICU). The cost of these admissions is high and there is often a shortage of beds. The aim of this study was to analyze the complications in contemporary ED patients with ACS and to map patient management...

BRASH syndrome, characterized by bradycardia, renal dysfunction, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia, is a newly defined condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized and treated. The triggers for this syndrome often include medication interactions, dehydration, and nephrotoxic insults, particularly in older patients with limited renal reserve and cardiovascular disease. In this report, we present the case of an 88-year-old female with multiple comorbidities who exhibited symptoms of prostration, bradycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status, along with laboratory findings (hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction) consistent with BRASH syndrome, triggered by hypovolemia associated with a urinary tract infection...

In elderly patients high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is often due to irreversible degeneration of the cardiac conduction system. Reversible causes must however be excluded prior to pacemaker implantation. In younger patients reversible causes are more likely, as well as more unusual etiologies. Lyme carditis is a rare, but reversible cause of AV block. It is a manifestation of Lyme borreliosis - an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme carditis should particularly be considered in young and middle-aged patients with a high-degree AV block...

We present a case of a neonate who presented with worsening heart failure due to congenital complete atrioventricular (AV) block, secondary to maternal anti Ro/SSA and anti-LA/SSB antibodies. The patient was implanted a temporary pacemaker in view of hemodynamic deterioration and subsequently was weaned off ionotropic support and referred for permanent epicardial pacemaker implantation. We report temporary pacemaker implantation in a neonate with hemodynamic instability as a stabilizing measure and discuss technical challenges for the same...

A CSD search in the Cambridge Crystallographic Database for the substructure N-Cα H-C'(═O)-N gave 24,180 peptide structures for analysis of the pyramidalization of the sp2 -hybridized carboxamide group C'(═O)NCα , which had not been investigated before. The dependence of the pyramidalization θ = O-N-C'-Cα on the rotation angle ψ = O═C'-Cα -N about bond C'-Cα resulted in a curve with three maxima, three minima, and six zero-crossings. Surprisingly, the ψ/θ analysis of the individual amino acid building blocks showed that all of them exhibited similar curves, irrespective of their different R substituents...

Current guidelines recommend concomitant surgical ablation (SA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the context of mitral valve disease. A variety of energy sources have been tested for SA to perform effective transmural lesions reliably. To date, only radiofrequency and cryothermy energies are considered viable options. The gold standard for SA is the Cox-Maze ablation set, especially for non-paroxysmal AF (nPAF), with the aim of interrupting macro-reentrant drivers perpetuating AF, without hampering the sinus node activation of both atria, and to maintain the atrioventricular synchrony...

BACKGROUND Paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) can exhibit a vast array of symptoms, but commonly, paroxysmal AVB leads to presyncope, syncope, or possibly sudden cardiac death. We present a rare case of pause-dependent paroxysmal AVB that was triggered by a premature atrial contraction. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old man with frequent episodes of presyncope and syncope for 3 weeks was admitted to our hospital for further diagnosis. A resting 12-lead electrocardiogram showed an incomplete right bundle branch block, and a 24-h Holter recording showed multiple episodes of third-degree AVB...

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is associated with a poor prognosis. There is a lack of data examining the outcomes and readmission rates of sarcoidosis patients with heart failure (SwHF) and without heart failure (SwoHF). We aimed to compare the impact of non-ischemic heart failure on outcomes and readmissions in these two groups. METHODS: The US Nationwide Readmission Database was queried from 2010-2019 for SwHF and SwoHF patients identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Editions...

BACKGROUND: Most trials that have shown a benefit of beta-blocker treatment after myocardial infarction included patients with large myocardial infarctions and were conducted in an era before modern biomarker-based diagnosis of myocardial infarction and treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention, antithrombotic agents, high-intensity statins, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists. METHODS: In a parallel-group, open-label trial performed at 45 centers in Sweden, Estonia, and New Zealand, we randomly assigned patients with an acute myocardial infarction who had undergone coronary angiography and had a left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 50% to receive either long-term treatment with a beta-blocker (metoprolol or bisoprolol) or no beta-blocker treatment...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing myocarditis in children presenting with complete AV block (CAVB) is challenging. Temporary permanent pacing support using standard transvenous active fixation lead can be inserted percutaneously until recovery. However, access to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging may be limited due to safety concerns. CASES: We report three cases where CMR was performed using temporary permanent pacemaker in situ. We evaluated the effect of device artefacts on image quality and examined any instances of device malfunction...

BACKGROUND: The precise details of atrial activation around the triangle of Koch (ToK) remain unknown. We evaluated the relationship between the atrial-activation pattern around the ToK and success sites for slow-pathway (SP) modification ablation in slow-fast atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). METHODS: Thirty patients with slow-fast AVNRT who underwent successful ablation were enrolled. Atrial activation around the ToK during sinus rhythm was investigated using ultra-high-density mapping pre-ablation...

BACKGROUND: His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) emerge as better alternatives to right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in patients with bradycardia requiring permanent cardiac pacing. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of LBBAP, HBP, and RVAP in Japanese patients with bradycardia. METHODS: A total of 424 patients who underwent successful pacemaker implantation (HBP, n  = 53; LBBAP, n  = 75; and RVAP, n  = 296) were retrospectively enrolled in this study...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) on cerebral oxygen metabolism and serum S100B during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS: Patients who were prospectively enrolled to receive CEA under elective general anesthesia were randomized into an SGB group and a control group (ChiCTR2000033385). Before anesthesia, the SGB group underwent ipsilateral SGB under ultrasound guidance, while the control group did not. Ultrasound-guided right subclavian internal jugular vein catheterization was performed under general anesthesia...

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has rapidly displaced surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, certain post-TAVR complications persist, with cardiac conduction abnormalities (CCA) being one of the major ones. The elevated pressure exerted by the TAVR stent onto the conduction fibers situated between the aortic annulus and the His bundle, in proximity to the atrioventricular (AV) node, may disrupt the cardiac conduction leading to the emergence of CCA. In his study, an in-silico framework was developed to assess the CCA risk, incorporating the effect of a dynamic beating heart and pre-procedural parameters such as implantation depth and preexisting cardiac asynchrony in the new onset of post-TAVR CCA...

BACKGROUND: High-grade atrioventricular block (HGAVB) is common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), often necessitating permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Delayed HGAVB has varying definitions but typically refers to onset 48 hours after TAVI or following discharge and may cause syncope and sudden cardiac death. This review estimates the incidence of delayed HGAVB and identifies limitations of current literature. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of the following online databases: Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus...