SA node

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and deep learning to discover the spatial pattern of brain function, or functional brain networks (FBNs) has been attracted many reseachers. Most existing works focus on static FBNs or dynamic functional connectivity among fixed spatial network nodes, but ignore the potential dynamic/time-varying characteristics of the spatial networks themselves. And most of works based on the assumption of linearity and independence, that oversimplify the relationship between blood-oxygen level dependence (BOLD) signal changes and the heterogeneity of neuronal activity within voxels...

RATIONALE: Previous studies have found that the main treatment of sinus arrest is pacemaker treatment. It is rare to have 12 s of sinus arrest after radiofrequency ablation, and whether a permanent pacemaker is implanted immediately in this case is not described in the guidelines. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 76-year-old male patient with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) developed sinus arrest lasting 12 s in the early morning of the fourth day after using radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary vein isolation...

GPCR-Gi protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-Gi protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action...

BACKGROUND: Suicidality is a global public health problem which has increased considerably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the inter-relationships between depressive symptoms and suicidality using network analysis among Macau residents after the "relatively static management" COVID-19 strategy. METHODS: An assessment of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), suicide attempt (SA) and depressive symptoms was conducted with the use of individual binary response items (yes/no) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)...

BACKGROUND: Due to the prolonged life expectancy and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the prognosis and pathological features of CRC in HIV-positive patients require examination. AIM: To compare the differences in oncological features, surgical safety, and prognosis between patients with and without HIV infection who have CRC at the same tumor stage and site. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we collected data from HIV-positive and -negative patients who underwent radical resection for CRC...

BACKGROUND: Using network analysis, the interactions between mental health problems at the symptom level can be explored in depth. As there is a lack of network analysis studies on the mental health of psychiatric clinicians in China in the post-pandemic era, this study examined the network structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality among mental health professionals after the end of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy. METHODS: A total of 10,647 mental health professionals were recruited nationwide from January to February 2023...

Ivabradine (IVA) reduces heart rate by inhibiting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCNs), which play a role in the promotion of pacemaker activity in cardiac sinoatrial node cells. HCNs are highly expressed in neural and myocardial tissues and are involved in the modulation of inflammatory neuropathic pain. However, whether IVA exerts any effect on myocardial inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure is unclear. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in porcine cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis rat model to determine the effects and mechanisms of IVA...

BACKGROUND: Identifying lymph node metastasis areas during surgery for early invasive lung adenocarcinoma remains challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram mathematical model before the end of surgery for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with early invasive lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: In this study, we included patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma measuring ≤ 2 cm who underwent pulmonary resection with definite pathology at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2020 to January 2022...

BACKGROUND: Differentiating between atypical atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (aAVNRT) and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) utilizing a septal accessory pathway is a complex challenge. OBJECTIVE: We introduce the "local VA index," a straightforward method based on signals from the coronary sinus (CS) catheter, to distinguish between these arrhythmias during tachycardia and entrainment. The V-A interval on the CS catheter is measured during tachycardia and entrainment, at the site of earliest atrial activity...

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BACKGROUND: Ivabradine reduces heart rate by inhibiting the "funny current" expressed on the sinoatrial node and improves mortality and morbidity in patients with systolic heart failure and sinus tachycardia. The funny current is known to be expressed also on the atrioventricular node according to experimental studies. However, the impact of ivabradine on PR interval remained unknown. METHODS: Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 50% who received 1 month of ivabradine were screened...

Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge worldwide. The identification of accurate biomarkers is critical for the early detection and effective treatment of breast cancer. This study utilizes an integrative machine learning approach to analyze breast cancer gene expression data for superior biomarker and drug target discovery. Gene expression datasets, obtained from the GEO database, were merged post-preprocessing. From the merged dataset, differential expression analysis between breast cancer and normal samples revealed 164 differentially expressed genes...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts has been a major breakthrough causing a paradigm shift in targeted theranostics focusing on the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a squaric acid derivative DOTA.SA.FAPi (SA.FAPi) has been evaluated as a potential diagnostic probe in diverse epithelial cancers and compared to the standard-of-care 18 F-FDG. METHODS: 25 patients enrolled in this prospective study underwent 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-SA...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is widely used as a marker for nociceptive afferent axons. However, the distribution of CGRP-IR axons has not been fully determined in the whole rat heart. Immunohistochemically labeled flat-mounts of the right and left atria and ventricles, and the interventricular septum (IVS) in rats for CGRP were assessed with a Zeiss imager to generate complete montages of the entire atria, ventricles, and septum, and a confocal microscope was used to acquire detailed images of selected regions...

Naked mole-rat algorithm (NMRA) is a swarm intelligence-based algorithm that draws inspiration from the mating behaviour of mole rats (workers and breeders). This approach, which is based on the ability of breeders to reproduce with the queen, has been utilized to tackle optimization problems. The algorithm, however, suffers from local optima stagnation problem and a slower rate of convergence in order to provide gobal optimal solution. This study suggests attraction and repulsion strategy based NMRA (ARNMRA) along with self-adaptive properties to avoid trapping of solution in local optima...

Simultaneous, reliable, and ultra-sensitive analysis of promising miRNA biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) in serum is critical for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. In this work, we proposed a novel 3D hierarchic assembly clusters-based SERS strategy with dual enrichment and enhancement designed for the ultrasensitive and quantitative analysis of two upregulated CRC-related miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-31). The biosensor contains the following: (1) SERS probe, Au nanocage@Au nanoparticles (AuNC@Au NPs) labeled with Raman reporters (RaRs)...

This review provides an update on the morphology of the sinus venosus defect. It was earlier believed that a 'common wall' separated the right pulmonary veins from the superior caval vein. In the sinus venosus defects, this wall was absent. Current evidence shows that the superior rim of the oval fossa, rather than forming a second septum or representing a common wall, is an infolding between the walls of the caval veins and the right pulmonary veins. The sinus venosus defect is caused by the anomalous connection of one or more pulmonary veins to a systemic vein...

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH, a model for sleep apnoea) is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Autonomic imbalance (sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal) has emerged as a causal contributor of CIH-induced cardiovascular disease. Previously, we showed that CIH remodels the parasympathetic pathway. However, whether CIH induces remodelling of the cardiac sympathetic innervation remains unknown. Mice (male, C57BL/6J, 2-3 months) were exposed to either room air (RA, 21% O2 ) or CIH (alternating 21% and 5...

Our study was conducted to investigate whether cadherin-5 (CDH5), a vascular endothelial cell adhesion glycoprotein, could facilitate the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into sinoatrial node-like pacemaker cells (SANLPCs), following previous findings of silk-fibroin hydrogel-induced direct conversion of quiescent cardiomyocytes into pacemaker cells in rats through the activation of CDH5. In this study, the differentiating hiPSCs were treated with CDH5 (40 ng/mL) between Day 5 and 7 during cardiomyocytes differentiation...

The present view on heartbeat initiation is that a primary pacemaker cell or a group of cells in the sinoatrial node (SAN) center paces the rest of the SAN and the atria. However, recent high-resolution imaging studies show a more complex paradigm of SAN function that emerges from heterogeneous signaling, mimicking brain cytoarchitecture and function. Here, we developed and tested a new conceptual numerical model of SAN organized similarly to brain networks featuring a modular structure with small-world topology...