Vaginism

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a troubling condition that affects couples worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, many RPL cases remain unexplained, highlighting the need for novel approaches to unravel its underlying mechanisms. Recent advances in microbiome research have shed light on the potential role of the microbiome in reproductive health and outcomes. Based on a systematic literature research, this review aims to comprehensively explore the current understanding of the microbiome's involvement in RPL, focusing on the vaginal, endometrial, and gut microbiomes...

Point-of-care ultrasound can be an effective tool to facilitate the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic pain in children. We present a series of 3 pediatric patients with nonspecific abdominal and pelvic symptoms in whom point-of-care ultrasound expedited diagnosis, guided decision-making, prompted subspecialist consultation, and led to definitive management of vaginal obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Lebanon has a high caesarean section use and consequently, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is becoming more common. OBJECTIVES: To compare maternal characteristics, management, and outcomes of women with PAS by planned or urgent delivery at a major public referral hospital in Lebanon. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Rafik Hariri University Hospital (public referral hospital), Beirut, Lebanon...

OBJECTIVES: External cephalic version (ECV) is an alternative to caesarean section for abnormal fetal position. ECV is recommended by the most important scientific committees in the world. ECV complications are rare and occur in 6.1% of cases, however severe complications requiring urgent caesarean section are found in less than 0.4%. Our aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of ECV and to present our own experience with the procedure of ECV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ECV was performed on 62 patients (32 nulliparas and 30 multiparas)...

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), severely affect women's quality of life. Among these, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common, impacting a significant proportion of women. In the US, the lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for UI or POP stands at 20%. Pregnancy-related factors, notably delivery method and UI occurrence during pregnancy, have a potent correlation with PFD onset. The pathophysiology of PFDs during pregnancy is complex, with factors like increased intra-abdominal pressure, changes in bladder neck mobility, and shifts in pelvic floor muscle strength and collagen metabolism playing pivotal roles...

Childbirth simulations lack realism due to an oversimplification of the foetal model, particularly as most models do not allow joint motion. Foetus-specific neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) model with a detailed articulated skeleton is still not available in the literature. The present work aims at proposing the first-ever foetus-specific NMS model and then simulating the foetal descent during a vaginal delivery by using in vivo medical resonance imaging (MRI) childbirth data. Moreover, the developed model is provided open source for the community...

OBJECTIVE: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disorder among women and it can cause negative consequences for them, children, and families; however, accurate statistics and underlying factors on PPD and its severity are not available in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 200 women referred to an academic hospital for normal vaginal delivery, which had a full-term and single pregnancy and had passed between 6 weeks and 6 months of delivery, were selected by convenience sampling methods...

OBJECTIVE: Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are developmental dual-purpose options that would provide women with a contraceptive as well as a prevention modality aimed at sexually transmitted infections. The contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) has many properties that makes it an ideal MPT candidate. The objective of this study is to understand women's attitudes towards menstrual suppression, a potential side effect of using a CVR, and how to address these attitudes for MPT vaginal rings in development...

BACKGROUND: We assert that the ubiquitous environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is our westernized diet. Therefore, all of our newly diagnosed patients were admitted to experience a plant-based diet (PBD). In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a PBD in pregnant women with IBD. CASE DESCRIPTION: Included in the study were women with IBD provided with a PBD (lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet) between 2004 and 2020 who were either pregnant or became pregnant...

Cow is the national animal of Nepal, yet it is one of the most abused animal species here. Under realized utilities of cow that is nonlactating or pregnant is the reason for demonic cruelty. Since the Vedic period, gaushalas have been caring for cows. At present, most gaushalas have responsibility to rescue, offer refuge, and treat poorly treated or confiscated cattle from smuggling rackets in Nepal. It is no surprise that these abused animals suffer from many health issues and compromised reproductive ability...

Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecologic procedures performed worldwide. Vaginal cuff dehiscence with resultant bowel evisceration, while rare, is one of the most serious complications of the procedure. We present the case of a 79-year-old female with vaginal cuff dehiscence several decades after hysterectomy. The patient had no significant antecedent symptoms until she experienced bowel evisceration during Valsalva. She underwent a successful reduction of bowel contents with limited resection and transvaginal cuff repair...

BACKGROUND: Across the globe, breastfeeding stands out as a highly effective strategy for reducing infant and child morbidity and mortality. Concurrently, postpartum depression (PPD) emerges as a notable public health issue, adversely affecting both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices for infants and the fulfillment of parenting roles. Despite the lack of substantial evidence in Ethiopia and the specific study areas, indicating the association between PPD and EBF practices, this study endeavors to fill this gap...

INTRODUCTION: Herpes simplex (HSV) and varicella zoster (VZV) viruses are harmful infectious agents in pregnancy due to their ability to impact maternal-fetal dyads through various modalities including vertical transmission, neonatal infection, and maternal morbidity. As a result, accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of these infections in pregnancy is critical. CASE: A 19-year-old primigravida presented to our tertiary care center at 30 weeks' gestation with vulvar swelling, burning, and pain...

Objective: To explore the effects of pelvic-abdominal mechanics exercises during pregnancy on improving pelvic floor function in primiparous women during the perinatal period. Methods: A single-center prospective study selected 200 primipara of singleton pregnancies with prenatal care and delivery established at Shanghai Tongren hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 as the study subjects. Participants were divided into two groups: the exercise group (100 cases) and the control group (100 cases) by using a random number table method, five participants dropped out of the study due to reasons such as follow-up failure...

BACKGROUND: The risk of developing tumorous diseases in the genital tract also increases with age in animals. One of the classified tumor types is genital leiomyoma. Presently, our understanding of the pathogenesis of this tumor in goats is, however, limited. This accounts also for the information regarding the presence of steroid hormone receptors and, thus, possible responsiveness to circulating steroids. CASE PRESENTATION: This study describes the case of a vaginal tumor in a seven-year-old Anglo-Nubian goat...

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a potential threat to the onset of carcinogenesis in the cervix, anogenital regions, and oropharynx. HPV encompasses over 200 types, with at least 12 having the potential to cause cancer, impacting the majority of sexually active individuals. In this current research, we explore the occurrence and spread of HPV genotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this cross-sectional study conducted in Sanandaj, Iran from Feb 2022 to Aug 2023, diverse samples including oral, vaginal, and genital were collected from individuals referred to private laboratories in Sanandaj, Iran...

We explored the unique roles that body and genital image play in behavior-specific orgasm consistency, beyond overall sexual self-esteem. US adults (N = 599; 64% women) completed questionnaires online. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted orgasm consistency during receptive oral sex and penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) with additional clitoral stimulation (WAS) and with no additional clitoral stimulation (NAS) for the woman. Body image, genital image, and gender were entered in later steps to assess model improvement above sexual self-esteem...

BACKGROUND: A short cervix in the second trimester is known to increase the risk of preterm birth, which can be reduced with the administration of vaginal progesterone. However, some studies have suggested that a significant number of cases still experience preterm birth despite progesterone treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the potential value of transvaginal cervical elasticity measured by E-Cervix as a predictor for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in singleton pregnancies receiving progesterone treatment for a short cervix (CL ≤ 2...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of fractional CO2 laser and microablative fractional radiofrequency treatment with promestriene topical estrogen on sexual function and genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized open-label clinical trial conducted with 62 postmenopausal women assigned to three intervention groups: a) topical promestriene for 90 days (n = 17); b) fractional CO2 laser treatment (n = 24); and c) microablative fractional radiofrequency treatment (n = 21)...

OBJECTIVE: This review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of antenatal follow-up using telehealth in the pre-COVID-19 and active pandemic periods. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS: Searches were conducted from inception to September 2023 through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, all via Ovid SP, the National Thesis Center, TR Index, Turkiye Clinics, and DergiPark Academic...