keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537159/pack-year-smoking-history-an-inadequate-and-biased-measure-to-determine-lung-cancer-screening-eligibility
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra L Potter, Nuo N Xu, Priyanka Senthil, Deepti Srinivasan, Hang Lee, G Scott Gazelle, Lydia Chelala, Wei Zheng, Florian J Fintelmann, Lecia V Sequist, Jessica Donington, Julie R Palmer, Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang
PURPOSE: Pack-year smoking history is an imperfect and biased measure of cumulative tobacco exposure. The use of pack-year smoking history to determine lung cancer screening eligibility in the current US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guideline may unintentionally exclude many high-risk individuals, especially those from racial and ethnic minority groups. It is unclear whether using a smoking duration cutoff instead of a smoking pack-year cutoff would improve the selection of individuals for screening...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Clinical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535611/community-directed-vector-control-to-accelerate-onchocerciasis-elimination
#2
REVIEW
Benjamin Jacob, Edwin Michael, Thomas R Unnasch
Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, has historically been one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide, and a major cause of socio-economic disruption, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Its importance as a cause of morbidity and an impediment to economic development in some of the poorest countries in the world motivated the international community to implement several programs to control or eliminate this scourge. Initially, these involved reducing transmission of the causative agent Onchocerca volvulus through controlling the vector population...
March 21, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534131/effect-of-an-arsenic-mitigation-program-on-arsenic-exposure-in-american-indian-communities-a-cluster-randomized-controlled-trial-of-the-community-led-strong-heart-water-study-program
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christine Marie George, Tracy Zacher, Kelly Endres, Francine Richards, Lisa Bear Robe, David Harvey, Lyle G Best, Reno Red Cloud, Annabelle Black Bear, Leslie Skinner, Christa Cuny, Ana Rule, Kellogg J Schwab, Joel Gittelsohn, Ronald Alexander Glabonjat, Kathrin Schilling, Marcia O'Leary, Elizabeth D Thomas, Jason Umans, Jianhui Zhu, Lawrence H Moulton, Ana Navas-Acien
BACKGROUND: Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancers of the lung, pancreas and prostate; and all-cause mortality in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study. OBJECTIVE: The Strong Heart Water Study (SHWS) designed and evaluated a multilevel, community-led arsenic mitigation program to reduce arsenic exposure among private well users in partnership with Northern Great Plains American Indian Nations...
March 2024: Environmental Health Perspectives
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534008/-there-is-nothing-to-protect-us-from-dying-black-women-s-perceived-sense-of-safety-accessing-pregnancy-and-intrapartum-care
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Priscilla N Boakye, Nadia Prendergast
Pregnancy and childbirth have become a dangerous journey for Black women as harrowing stories of death and near-death experiences resonate within Black communities. While the causes of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality are well documented, little is known about how Black Canadian women feel protected from undesirable maternal health outcomes when accessing and receiving pregnancy and intrapartum care. This critical qualitative inquiry sheds light on Black women's perceived sense of safety in accessing pregnancy and intrapartum care...
March 27, 2024: Nursing Inquiry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530308/sodium-intake-and-cause-specific-mortality-among-predominantly-low-income-black-and-white-us-residents
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyung-Suk Yoon, Qiuyin Cai, Jae Jeong Yang, Loren Lipworth, Hui Cai, Danxia Yu, Mark D Steinwandel, Deepak K Gupta, William J Blot, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu
IMPORTANCE: Epidemiologic evidence regarding the outcomes of dietary sodium intake on mortality remains limited for low-income individuals, particularly Black people. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of excessive dietary sodium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among predominantly low-income Black and White Americans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included participants aged 40 to 79 years from the Southern Community Cohort Study who were recruited at Community Health Centers in 12 southeastern states from 2002 to 2009...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Network Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529906/characterizing-health-literacy-and-its-correlates-among-individuals-with-traumatic-brain-injury-tbi-a-tbi-model-systems-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angelle M Sander, Monique R Pappadis, Shannon B Juengst, Luis Leon-Novelo, Esther Ngan, John D Corrigan, Laura E Dreer, Simon Driver, Anthony H Lequerica
OBJECTIVE: To characterize health literacy among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least a year postinjury and to explore its relationship to sociodemographic variables, injury severity, and cognition. SETTING: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 205 individuals with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed follow-up as part of a national longitudinal study of TBI and completed a web-based health literacy measure...
March 2024: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529889/black-pregnant-and-postpartum-peoples-perspectives-on-mental-health-and-substance-use-disorders
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Johnson, Angela Moreland, Courtney King, Connie Guille
Introduction: Mental health and substance use disorders in pregnant and postpartum people (PPP) are common, and most will not receive adequate treatment. In addition, Black PPP experience higher rates of mental health conditions and are less likely to receive treatment compared with White PPP. Yet, our understanding of the experience of Black PPP with respect to these conditions is limited. The goal of this study was to better understand these experiences with respect to mental health, substance use, and barriers to treatment...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Women's Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529656/addressing-disparities-in-acute-stroke-management-and-prognosis
#8
REVIEW
M Carter Denny, Nicole Rosendale, Nicole R Gonzales, Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi, Sandy Middleton
There are now abundant data demonstrating disparities in acute stroke management and prognosis; however, interventions to reduce these disparities remain limited. This special report aims to provide a critical review of the current landscape of disparities in acute stroke care and highlight opportunities to use implementation science to reduce disparities throughout the early care continuum. In the prehospital setting, stroke symptom recognition campaigns that have been successful in reducing prehospital delays used a multilevel approach to education, including mass media, culturally tailored community education, and professional education...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the American Heart Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528970/sensing-the-impact-of-extreme-heat-on-physical-activity-and-sleep
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
So-Min Cheong, Irina Gaynanova
INTRODUCTION: This study assesses the person-specific impact of extreme heat on low-income households using wearable sensors. The focus is on the intensive and longitudinal assessment of physical activity and sleep with the rising person-specific ambient temperature. METHODS: This study recruited 30 participants in a low-income and predominantly Black community in Houston, Texas in August and September of 2022. Each participant wore on his/her wrist an accelerometer that recorded person-specific ambient temperature, sedentary behavior, physical activity intensity (low and moderate to vigorous), and sleep efficiency 24 h over 14 days...
2024: Digital Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528628/co-designing-strategies-to-implement-long-acting-injectable-prep-for-sexual-minority-men-in-chicago-a-study-protocol-for-an-innovation-tournament-and-implementation-mapping
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amelia E Van Pelt, Elizabeth Casline, Gregory Phillips, Jorge Cestou, Brian Mustanski, Grace Cook, Rinad S Beidas
BACKGROUND: Participatory design approaches can improve successful selection and tailoring of implementation strategies by centering the voices of key constituents. To reduce incidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the USA, co-design of implementation strategies is needed for long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA), a new form of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, among the disproportionately impacted population of sexual minority men (SMM). This manuscript describes the protocol for participatory design approaches (i...
March 25, 2024: Implementation science communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528490/neighborhood-level-factors-associated-with-covid-19-vaccination-rates-a-case-study-in-chicago
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Keegan, Mengqi Zhu, Maria Paz, Hyojung Kang, Ajanta Patel, Arshiya A Baig
INTRODUCTION: Chicago's deeply-rooted racial and socioeconomic residential segregation is a pattern mirrored in other major cities, making it a prototype for studying the uptake of public health interventions across the US. Residential segregation is related to availability of primary care, sense of community, and trust in the healthcare system, components which are essential in the response to crises like Covid-19 in which vaccine rollout was primarily community-based. We aimed to evaluate the association between rates of access to primary care and community-belonging with Covid-19 vaccination within Chicago's neighborhoods...
March 25, 2024: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525267/estimating-implicit-and-explicit-racial-and-ethnic-bias-among-community-pharmacists-in-canada
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fahad Alzahrani, Nancy Waite, Michael Beazely, Martin Cooke
BACKGROUND: Bias, whether implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious), can lead to preferential treatment of specific social groups and antipathy towards others. When healthcare professionals (HCPs), including pharmacists, act on these biases, patient care and health outcomes can be adversely affected. This study aims to estimate implicit and explicit racial/ethnic bias towards Black and Arab people among community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Community pharmacists participated in a secure, web-based survey using a cross-sectional design that included Harvard's Race and Arab Implicit Association Tests (IATs) to examine bias towards Black and Arab people...
May 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525122/geospatial-evaluation-of-access-to-otolaryngology-care-in-the-united-states
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Pozin, Mark Nyaeme, Nicholas Peterman, Ashok Jagasia
OBJECTIVES: This county-level epidemiological study evaluated the travel distance to the nearest otolaryngologist for continental US communities and identified socioeconomic differences between low- and high-access regions. METHODS: Geospatial analysis of publicly available 2015-2022 NPI records was combined with US census data to identify geospatial gaps in otolaryngologist distribution. Moran's index geospatial clustering in distance to the nearest county with an otolaryngologist was used as the core metric for differential access determination...
April 2024: Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522965/corrigendum-momentary-loneliness-among-older-adults-contextual-differences-and-their-moderation-by-gender-and-race-ethnicity
#14
Ellen Compernolle, Laura E Finch, Louise C Hawkley, Kathleen A Cagney
Studies suggest that loneliness is associated with age. Among older adults, women and Black adults may be at greater risk than men and White adults, respectively. Social and physical contexts are also linked with loneliness. However, little is known about whether and how those of different genders and racial/ethnic groups may experience social and physical contexts differently in terms of their real-time loneliness, and the extent to which these differences may be explained by differential exposure or reactivity to such contexts...
March 23, 2024: Social Science & Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522771/clinical-trial-diversity-equity-inclusion-roadmap-of-the-cardiothoracic-surgical-trials-network
#15
REVIEW
Anuradha Lala, Clauden Louis, Dominique Vervoort, Alexander Iribarne, Aarti Rao, Wendy C Taddei-Peters, Samantha Raymond, Emilia Bagiella, Patrick O'Gara, Vinod H Thourani, Vinay Badhwar, Joanna Chikwe, Mariell Jessup, Neal Jeffries, Alan J Moskowitz, Annetine C Gelijns, Carlos J Rodriguez
BACKGROUND: There is a recognized lack of diversity among patients enrolled in cardiovascular interventional and surgical trials. Diverse patient representation in clinical trials is necessary to enhance generalizability of findings, which may lead to better outcomes across broader populations. The Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN) recently developed a plan-of-action to increase diversity among participating investigators and trial participants -- the focus of this paper. METHODS: Review of literature and enrollment data from CTSN trials...
March 22, 2024: Annals of Thoracic Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522495/the-melano-macrophage-the-black-leukocyte-of-fish-immunity
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Håvard Bjørgen, Erling Olaf Koppang
Melanin and the process of melanin synthesis or melanogenesis have central roles in the immune system of insects, and production of melanin-synthesizing enzymes from their haemocytes may be induced following activation through danger signals. Melanin-containing macrophage-like cells have been extensively studied in amphibians and they are also present in reptiles. In fish, melano-macrophages are especially recognized with respect to melano-macrophage centres (MMCs), hypothesized to be analogues of germinal centres in secondary lymphoid organs of mammals and some birds...
March 22, 2024: Fish & Shellfish Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520558/predicting-future-climate-change-impacts-on-the-potential-distribution-of-the-black-howler-monkey-alouatta-pigra-an-endangered-arboreal-primate
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Acini Vásquez-Aguilar, Dolores Hernández-Rodríguez, Rodolfo Martínez-Mota
Climate change is one of the main factors affecting biodiversity worldwide at an alarming rate. In addition to increases in global extreme weather events, melting of polar ice caps, and subsequent sea level rise, climate change might shift the geographic distribution of species. In recent years, interest in understanding the effects of climate change on species distribution has increased, including species which depend greatly on forest cover for survival, such as strictly arboreal primates. Here, we generate a series of species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate future projections under different climate change scenarios on the distribution of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra), an endemic endangered primate species...
March 23, 2024: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520422/prevalence-of-complete-edentulism-among-us-adults-65-years-and-older-a-behavioral-risk-factor-surveillance-system-study-from-2012-through-2020
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abhilash Vemulapalli, Surendra Reddy Mandapati, Anusha Kotha, Hemanth Rudraraju, Subhash Aryal
BACKGROUND: The rapid growth of the older adult population in the United States and their increased risk of edentulism make it essential to analyze trends and factors associated with edentulism. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2012 through 2020. US- and state-level trend lines were reported. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between self-reported complete edentulism and demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, smoking status, and health insurance status...
March 21, 2024: Journal of the American Dental Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520030/peers-plus-mobile-app-for-treatment-in-hiv-path-protocol-for-a-randomized-controlled-trial-to-test-a-community-based-integrated-peer-support-and-mhealth-intervention-to-improve-viral-suppression-among-hispanic-and-black-people-living-with-hiv
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eileen V Pitpitan, Keith J Horvath, Jeannette Aldous, Jamila K Stockman, Thomas L Patterson, Megan Liang, Constantino Barrozo, Veronica Moore, Katherine Penninga, Laramie R Smith
BACKGROUND: Significant disparities continue to exist in the HIV care continuum, whereby Hispanic and Black people living with HIV (PLWH) are less likely to achieve viral suppression compared to their White counterparts. Studies have shown that intervention approaches that involve peer navigation may play an important role in supporting patients to stay engaged in HIV care. However, implementation may be challenging in real-world settings where there are limited resources to support peer navigators...
March 22, 2024: Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519895/pregnancy-health-in-a-multi-state-u-s-population-of-systemically-underserved-patients-and-their-children-promise-cohort-design-and-baseline-characteristics
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janne Boone-Heinonen, Kristin Lyon-Scott, Rachel Springer, Teresa Schmidt, Kimberly K Vesco, Anna Booman, Dang Dinh, Stephen P Fortmann, Byron A Foster, Jenny Hauschildt, Shuling Liu, Jean O'Malley, Amy Palma, Jonathan M Snowden, Kalera Stratton, Sarah Tran
BACKGROUND: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a routinely monitored aspect of pregnancy health, yet critical gaps remain about optimal GWG in pregnant people from socially marginalized groups, or with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in the lower or upper extremes. The PROMISE study aims to determine overall and trimester-specific GWG associated with the lowest risk of adverse birth outcomes and detrimental infant and child growth in these underrepresented subgroups. This paper presents methods used to construct the PROMISE cohort using electronic health record data from a network of community-based healthcare organizations and characterize the cohort with respect to baseline characteristics, longitudinal data availability, and GWG...
March 23, 2024: BMC Public Health
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