Layer V

In this study, we present a novel method for controlling the growth of perovskite crystals in the vacuum thermal evaporation process by utilizing a vacuum-processable additive, propylene urea (PU). By coevaporation of perovskite precursors with PU to form the perovskite layer, PU, acting as a Lewis base additive, retards the direct reaction between the perovskite precursors. This facilitates a larger domain size and reduced defect density. Following the removal of the residual additive, the perovskite layer, exhibiting improved crystallinity, demonstrates reduced charge recombination, as confirmed by a time-resolved microwave conductivity analysis...

Both the retina and brain exhibit neurovascular coupling, increased blood flow during increased neural activity. In the retina increased blood flow can be evoked by flickering light, but the magnitude of the metabolic change that underlies this not known. Local changes in oxygen consumption (QO2 ) are difficult to measure in vivo when both supply and demand are changing. Here we isolated the C57BL/6J mouse retina and supplied it with oxygen from both sides of the tissue. Microelectrode recordings of PO2 were made in darkness and during 20 sec of high scotopic flickering light at 1 Hz...

Graphene is atomically thin, possesses excellent thermal conductivity, and is able to withstand high current densities, making it attractive for many nanoscale applications such as field-effect transistors, interconnects, and thermal management layers. Enabling integration of graphene into such devices requires nanostructuring, which can have a drastic impact on the self-heating properties, in particular at high current densities. Here, we use a combination of scanning thermal microscopy, finite element thermal analysis, and operando scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques to observe prototype graphene devices in operation and gain a deeper understanding of the role of geometry and interfaces during high current density operation...

The phenomenon of overlapping double layers due to micropores inhibits capacitive deionization performance, which is improved by increasing the pore size. In this study, a novel ternary composite electrode (sodium lignosulfonate/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt sulfide, LGC) was designed using a two-step hydrothermal method. CoS with high pseudocapacitance modifies sodium lignosulfonate and graphene connected by hydrogen bonding, benefiting from the constitutive steric structure. The electrochemical performance was significantly enhanced, and the desalination capacity substantially improved...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate a new variation of the atrial wall-mitral annulus-ventricular wall junction along the mural mitral leaflet and commissures: the ventricular mitral annular disjunction (v-MAD). This new variant is characterized by spatial displacement of the mitral leaflet hinge line by more than 2 mm toward the left ventricle. METHODS: We examined a cohort of autopsied human hearts (n = 224, 21.9% females, 47...

This article describes the effect of modification with organic bases such as uracil (U) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the adsorption and chromatographic properties of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) used as a stationary phase (SP) in packed and capillary columns. It was shown that the sorbents prepared on the basis of diatomite Chromosorb P NAW support and successively modified with 9 wt.% PTMSP and 1 wt.% U (or PEI) (PC-U and PC-PEI samples, respectively), have a mesoporous structure. The IR spectrum shows the presence of carbonyl groups in the sorbent modified with uracil...

Dramatic growth of lithium dendrite, structural deterioration of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode at high voltages, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces pose significant obstacles to the practical application of high-energy-density LCO||Li batteries. In this work, a novel eutectogel electrolyte is developed by confining the nonflammable eutectic electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The eutectogel electrolyte can construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with inorganic-rich LiF and Li3 N, contributing to a uniform Li deposition...

OBJECTIVE: To present the laparoscopic management of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy and discuss other treatment options. DESIGN: Surgical video article. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the video reproduction. SETTING: Tertiary referral university hospital PATIENT: A 29-year-old woman with spontaneous heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy presented for vaginal spotting. Ultrasound revealed two gestational sacs at 7 weeks and 6 days of gestation with fetal cardiac activity...

This research aims to develop guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes from bacterial cellulose (BC), a natural polysaccharide-based biopolymer. A double-layered BC composite membrane was prepared by coating the BC membrane with mixed carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(ethylene oxide) (CMC/PEO) fibers via electrospinning. The CMC/PEO-BC membranes were then characterized for their chemical and physical characteristics. The 8 % (wt/v) CMC/PEO (1,1) aqueous solution yielded well-defined electrospun CMC/PEO nanofibers (125 ± 10 nm) without beads...

The practical application of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) can be facilitated by designing cathode materials with unique structures that can overcome the critical problems of slow reaction kinetics and large volume expansion associated with the intercalation reaction of divalent zinc ions. In this study, a novel urchin-like (NH4 )2 V10 O25 ·8H2 O assembled from nanorods was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, noted as U-NVO. The interlayer organic pillar of cetyltrimethylammonium cation (CTAB) has been intercalated between layers to regulate the interlayer microstructure and expand the interlayer spacing to 1...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze morphological changes in wall of functioning and non-functioning small intestine in patients with preventive ileostomy and to determine histological predictors of water-electrolyte disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 57 patients >18 years old who underwent rectal resection with preventive ileostomy between January 2022 and November 2023. Anthropometric data included gender, age, body mass index, ECOG and ASA classes...

Despite the wide range of analytical tools available for the characterization of cellulose, the in-depth characterization of inhomogeneous, layered cellulose fiber structures remains a challenge. When treating fibers or spinning man-made fibers, the question always arises as to whether the changes in the fiber structure affect only the surface or the entire fiber. Here, we developed an analysis tool based on the sequential limited dissolution of cellulose fiber layers. The method can reveal potential differences in fiber properties along the cross-sectional profile of natural or man-made cellulose fibers...

Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn-Pb PSCs...

BACKGROUND: Restorative dentistry aims to reproduce natural tooth shades through resin composites that must be layered to obtain colors, opacities, and translucencies, and therefore, clinical success is operator skill dependent. AIMS: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color shift of single-shade composite restorations before and after dental bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty human extracted posterior teeth were restored with four single-shade composites (Omnichroma OM; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal CL; Essentia Universal ES; Venus Diamond One VE) ( n = 20 each)...

A hierarchical transparent back contact leveraging an AlGaO x passivating layer, Ti3 C2 T x MXene with a high work function, and a transparent cracked film lithography (CFL) templated nanogrid is demonstrated on copper-free cadmium telluride (CdTe) devices. AlGaO x improves device open-circuit voltage but reduces the fill factor when using a CFL-templated metal contact. Including a Ti3 C2 T x interlayer improves the fill factor, lowers detrimental Schottky barriers, and enables metallization with CFL by providing transverse conduction into the nanogrid...

The long-term performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be significantly improved by tuning the surface characteristics of the perovskite layers. Herein, low-temperature-processed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-complexed SnO2 (E-SnO2 ) is successfully employed as an electron transport layer (ETL) in PSCs, enhancing the efficiency and stability of the devices. The effects of EDTA treatment on SnO2 are investigated for different concentrations: comparing the solar cells' response with 15%-2...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various commercial silane brands with varied chemical compositions with or without the application of an adhesive layer on the microshear bond strength and durability of a resin luting agent to lithium disilicate glass ceramic. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic discs (EMX, IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) measuring 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were fabricated (n=240). Surfaces were etched using 5% hydrofluoric acid and randomly assigned to 10 groups based on the commercial brand of silane used (n=24): [RP] RelyX Ceramic Primer (3M ESPE); [PS] Prosil (FGM); [SA] Silano (Angelus); [SM] Silano (Maquira); [SU] Silane (Ultradent); [GL] GLUMA Ceramic Primer (Kulzer); [CB] Ceramic Bond (VOCO); [MB] Monobond N (Ivoclar Vivadent); [CP] Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray); and [DE] 2-step silane (Dentsply Sirona)...

Practical application of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxide cathodes has been hindered despite their high performance and low cost owing to high gas evolution accompanying capacity loss even in a conservative voltage window. Here, we control the surface structure and primary particle size of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxide cathodes not only to enhance the electrochemical performance but also to reduce gas evolution. Sulfur-coated Fm3̅m/R3̅m double reduced surface layers and Mo doping dramatically reduce gas evolution, which entails the improvement of electrochemical performance...

In this study, a surface functionalization approach by covalent grafting of an organic thin film containing hydroxyl groups on TiN surface via electroreduction of diazonium salts "4-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzenediazonium salt" is presented. Cyclic voltammetry procedures were carried out at the potential ranges of -0.8 V~0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with varying numbers of potential cycles (i.e., 5, 25, and 50 cycles) in order to study the thickness of modification layer. Then, the electrochemical properties, surface morphology, and chemical structures of the sample before and after modifications were investigated via multiple characterization techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc...

Perovskite quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been considered a promising display technology due to their wide color gamut for authentic color expression. Currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for state-of-the-art blue perovskite QLEDs is about 15%, which still lags behind its green and red counterparts (>25%) and blue film-based LEDs. Here, blue perovskite QLEDs that achieve an EQE of 23.5% at 490 nm is presented, to the best knowledge, which is the highest value reported among blue perovskite-based LED fields...