contained ventricular rupture and pericardial effusion

Left ventricular aneurysms (LVAs) represent a rare yet critical complication arising from late-presenting myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we present the case of an 88-year-old male with chest pressure, elevated troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and lactate. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and an old right bundle branch block. The patient was started on heparin infusion, but progressively worsening hypotension necessitated transfer to the intensive care unit and the initiation of vasopressors...

Left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) is a rare but fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). An 81-year-old female patient with several cardiovascular risk factors presented to the emergency department with symptoms of developing a chronic stomachache and cold sweat. An echocardiograph showed wall motion abnormalities from the lateral to posterior wall, as well as pericardial effusion containing clots of up to 17 mm in the posterior wall that indicated LVFWR after AMI. Although she was conscious after being brought to the initial care unit, she suddenly lost consciousness and fell into electromechanical dissociation (EMD)...

BACKGROUND: Intramural hematoma during ablation for scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare but life-threatening complication. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to describe the features and outcomes of intramural hematoma during ablation for scar-related VT. METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, >3,514 ablations for ventricular arrhythmias were performed at 2 institutions. Four cases of intramural hematoma complicating VT ablation for scar-related VT were identified...

BACKGROUND: Recent advancements in cardiology have significantly decreased the incidence of post-myocardial infarction mechanical complications. When these sequelae occur, they can have high morbidity and mortality and may require aggressive intervention. CASE SUMMARY: We describe a case of contained rupture of a large left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) presenting with syncope in a 60-year-old male with late presentation myocardial infarction (MI) 6 weeks prior on home triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT)...

BACKGROUND ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), when associated with acute left ventricular (LV) free-wall rupture, is often a lethal complication, and if not followed by sudden death, the rupture may be contained by the parietal pericardium and a local thrombus, leading to the formation of a left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm. The incidence of LV pseudoaneurysm after STEMI is ~ 0.3%. CASE REPORT A 73-year-old man who presented with an acute syncopal episode and intermittent chest pain for 7 days was found to have an anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) with lateral wall rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation...

BACKGROUND: Systemic erythematous lupus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, even in young patients. CASE SUMMARY: A young female with recently diagnosed SLE under corticotherapy developed pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. The diagnostic workup revealed mildly elevated cardiac troponin, significantly elevated NT-proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and mild pericardial effusion without other echocardiographic abnormalities...

BACKGROUND: Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare, high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that usually occurs in immunosuppressed or human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals in advanced stages of the disease. However, primary effusion lymphoma occasionally affects immunocompetent patients who are infected with human herpes virus type 8 or Epstein-Barr virus. This disease manifests with liquid collections in cavities, producing constitutional symptoms; fever; weight loss; and symptoms related to extrinsic compression, such as dyspnea or abdominal discomfort...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) pseudo-false aneurysm is a rare complication secondary to myocardial infarction and is caused by intramyocardial dissecting hematoma due to fragile myocardium. Very occasionally, intramyocardial dissecting hematoma appears as a neocavitation entirely contained within the myocardial wall (so called "pseudo-false LV") and is an unusual form of subacute cardiac rupture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old male experienced chest discomfort 3 weeks ago, which improved within few days...

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of acute myocardial infarction, associated with high mortality. However, it can present in a non-specific manner, complicating and delaying the diagnosis. The authors present the case of a 65-year-old patient, hypertensive, with no other known relevant medical history, who presented with chest pain, cough and left pleural effusion, initially attributed to a pulmonary process. However, these were in fact the result of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm following silent acute myocardial infarction...

We report the case of a contained rupture of the aortic annulus after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The landing zone tear extended cranially to the aortic root and caudally into the perimembranous septum, creating a restrictive ventricular septal defect and severe paravalvular regurgitation into both ventricles, but no pericardial effusion or hemodynamic collapse. We elected conservative management, which proved to be a reasonable option.

Left ventricular free wall rupture is responsible for up to 10% of in-hospital deaths following myocardial infarction. It is mainly associated with posterolateral myocardial infarction, and its antemortem diagnosis is rarely made.One of the medical complications of myocardial infarction is the rupture of the free wall, which occurs more frequently in the anterolateral wall in hypertensives, women, and those with relatively large transmural myocardial infarction usually 1-4 days after myocardial infarction.We herein present the case of a 66-year-old man suffering inferior wall myocardial infarction with abrupt hemodynamic decompensation 9 days after myocardial infarction...

We report a case of a malignant pericardial mesothelioma of the epithelioid type in a 39-year-old man. He had a history of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease treated with irradiation of the cervical and mediastinal regions 24 years before, and of infarction of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, after which a percutaneous coronary intervention was carried out 7 years previously. He was admitted to a cardiology unit with progressive dyspnea. On examination, a hemorrhagic pericardial fluid collection of 600 ml was detected which was successfully drained...

A case of extensive inferior myocardial infarction complicated by a large ventricular aneurysm is presented. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging 4 days after the onset showed a small protrusion from the necrotic inferior myocardium, which expanded 10 days after onset with a marked pericardial effusion. The follow-up examination by MR and CT imaging 6 months after the onset revealed a large ventricular aneurysm from the inferior cardiac wall. After the aneurysmectomy, the histological study revealed that the aneurysm wall was made up of 2 different types of walls; the peripheral part was a false-pseudo aneurysm and the central part was a pseudo aneurysm...

Left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) is a fearful complication of acute myocardial infarction in which a swift diagnosis and emergency surgery can be crucial for successful treatment. Because a significant number of cases occur subacutely, clinicians should be aware of the risk factors, clinical features and diagnostic criteria of this complication. We report the case of a 69 year-old man in whom a subacute left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) was diagnosed 7 days after an inferior myocardial infarction with late reperfusion therapy...

The clinical features of a patient presenting with recent breathlessness indicated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, while echocardiography suggested the presence of tumour in the right ventricle. Before further investigations could be instituted, she died suddenly. Autopsy revealed a haemopericardium secondary to rupture of the right atrium while the right ventricle was found to contain a tumour arising from most of its endocardial surface. Histology showed this to be a poorly differentiated mucous secreting carcinoma similar in appearance to her colonic carcinoma excised 8 years previously...