Beals

Cellular senescence is accompanied by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show here that primary human senescent CD8(+) T cells also display a SASP comprising chemokines, cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling proteases that are unique to this subset and contribute to age-associated inflammation. We found the CD8(+) CD45RA(+) CD27(-) EMRA subset to be the most heterogeneous, with a population aligning with the naïve T cells and another with a closer association to the effector memory subset...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is rare in adults and treatment guidelines are consequently not well-established. Few modern series have reported long-term follow-up and treatment sequelae. We examined long-term outcomes of adult MB patients at one institution. Records of 29 consecutive patients (18 male, 11 female) aged ≥ 18 years who received radiotherapy (RT) for primary MB from 1990 to 2016 were reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 28 years (range 18-72 years). Seventeen patients were standard risk and 12 were high risk...

Background: Imaging criteria to evaluate the response of brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the early post-treatment period remains a crucial unmet need. The aim of this study is to correlate early (within 12 weeks) post-treatment perfusion MRI changes with long-term outcomes after treatment of lung cancer brain metastases with SRS. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment perfusion MRI scans were obtained in patients treated with SRS for intact non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases...

Most mid-life adults have at least one chronic medical condition (CMC) and are at risk for developing additional CMCs. Stressors specific to this life stage may contribute to CMC development by hindering healthy behaviors. The goal of this study was to compare sources and intensity of distress, as they relate to health behaviors, between mid-life and non-mid-life adults with CMCs. We utilized a mixed-methods approach by analyzing quantitative self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms and psychological well-being, with in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews to identify sources of stress in three cohorts of patients with CMCs (heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease)...

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One of the few interventions to demonstrate improved outcomes for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure is reducing tidal volumes when using mechanical ventilation, often termed lung protective ventilation. Veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (vv-ECCO2R) can facilitate reducing tidal volumes. pRotective vEntilation with veno-venouS lung assisT (REST) is a randomised, allocation concealed, controlled, open, multicentre pragmatic trial to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation facilitated by vv-ECCO2R in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure...

Background: Protein in the diet is commonly ingested from whole foods that contain various macro- and micronutrients. However, the effect of consuming protein within its natural whole-food matrix on postprandial protein metabolism remains understudied in humans.Objective: We aimed to compare the whole-body and muscle protein metabolic responses after the consumption of whole eggs with egg whites during exercise recovery in young men.Design: In crossover trials, 10 resistance-trained men [aged 21 ± 1 y; 88 ± 3 kg; body fat: 16% ± 1% (means ± SEMs)] received primed continuous l-[ring-(2)H5]phenylalanine and l-[1-(13)C]leucine infusions and performed a single bout of resistance exercise...

Imaging of middle-ear cholesteatoma with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and inner-ear endolymphatic hydrops (in Ménière's disease) with post-gadolinium high-resolution MRI, are reviewed. DWI MRI provides for a more specific diagnosis of tympano-mastoid cholesteatoma. There is an established and increasing role of DWI MRI in detecting both primary and postoperative cholesteatoma, localising disease, and planning surgery. The contemporary diagnostic accuracy of DWI is reviewed, pitfalls in interpretation are described, and potential future developments are highlighted...

Purpose Broadening trial eligibility to improve accrual and access and to better reflect intended-to-treat populations has been recognized as a priority. Historically, patients with brain metastases have been understudied, because of restrictive eligibility across all phases of clinical trials. Methods In 2016, after a literature search and series of teleconferences, a multistakeholder workshop was convened. Our working group focused on developing consensus recommendations regarding the inclusion of patients with brain metastases in clinical trials, as part of a broader effort that encompassed minimum age, HIV status, and organ dysfunction...

OBJECTIVES: Previous research has examined lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injury (MSI) patterns and risk factors in Special Operations Forces (SOF) trainees, conventional military personnel, and athletes; however, it is unclear if SOF have the same patterns/risk factors. This study aimed to determine the association of musculoskeletal, balance, and physiological characteristics with LE MSI in SOF. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: A total of 726 Air Force (N=140), Navy Sea, Air, and Land (N=301), and Special Warfare Combatant Crewmen (N=285) SOF (age=25...

Sex-bias in gene expression is a widespread mechanism for controlling the development of phenotypes that differ between males and females. Most studies on sex-bias in gene expression have focused on species that exhibit traditional sex-roles (male-male competition and female parental care). By contrast the Syngnathid fishes (sea horses, pipefish, and sea dragons) are a group of organisms where many species exhibit male brooding and sex-role reversal (female-female competition for mates and paternal parental care), and little is known about how patterns of sex-bias in gene expression vary in species with sex-role reversal...

The Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (CHRT-SR) scale is a brief self-report instrument to assess suicide risk. Initial investigations have indicated good psychometric properties in psychiatric outpatients. The aims of this paper were to examine the construct validity and factor structure of the twelve- (CHRT-SR12) and seven-item (CHRT-SR7) versions and to test if clinically expected within-person changes in suicide risk over time were measurable using the CHRT-SR in two study cohorts hospitalized for suicidal ideation or behavior: (1) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who participated in a psychological intervention trial, n = 65, and (2) participants with bipolar disorder or MDD in an observational study, n = 44...

AIM: Multidisciplinary care is advocated as best practice in cancer care. Relatively little is documented about multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting functioning, decision making and the use of evidence to support decision making in Australia. This descriptive study aimed to examine team functioning, the role of team meetings and evidence use in MDTs whose institutions are members of Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre. METHODS: We designed a structured 40-item survey instrument about topics that included meeting purpose, organization, resources and documentation; caseload estimates; use of evidence and quality assurance; patient involvement and supportive care needs; and open-ended items about the MDTs strengths and weaknesses...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this analysis was to describe the incidence and common types of medical chart-reviewed musculoskeletal injuries, among four distinct groups of Naval Special Warfare (NSW) personnel: Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Operators, SEAL Qualification Training (SQT) students, Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewman (SWCC) Operators, and Crewman Qualification Training (CQT) students. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 920 NSW personnel...

BACKGROUND: In a phase 1 study of pulse/continuous-dose erlotinib, no patient had disease progression in the central nervous system (CNS). This expansion cohort of the phase 1 study tested the same regimen in a cohort of individuals with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancers with untreated brain metastases. METHODS: Patients had not received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors or radiation for brain metastases. All received 1200 mg of erlotinib on days 1 and 2 and 50 mg on days 3 to 7 weekly...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of timing of disease occurrence and hepatic resection on long-term outcome of neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM). METHODS: A total of 420 patients undergoing curative-intent resection for NELM were identified from a multi-institutional database. Date of primary resection, NELM detection and resection, intraoperative details, disease-specific (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were obtained...

STUDY DESIGN: a single case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a case of a patient with tetraplegia who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) while in inpatient rehabilitation after 10.5 months. SETTING: A VA Medical Center Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders Unit Case Report: A 47 year-old male with a stage IV sacral pressure ulcer and C4 AIS A complete tetraplegia secondary to a motor vehicle collision, developed fever, thrombocytopenia, and anemia 20 months after his injury while in inpatient rehabilitation and was found to have APL, confirmed following bone marrow biopsy...

Tissue engineering-based therapies targeting cartilage diseases, such as osteoarthritis, require in vitro expansion of articular chondrocytes. A major obstacle for these therapies is the dedifferentiation and loss of phenotype accompanying chondrocyte expansion. Recent studies suggest that manipulation of hedgehog signalling may be used to promote chondrocyte re-differentiation. Hedgehog signalling requires the primary cilium, a microtubule-based signalling compartment, the integrity of which is linked to the cytoskeleton...

Individuals who smoke generally do so with the knowledge of potential consequences to their own health. What is rarely considered are the effects of smoking on their future children. The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on the effects of paternal smoking on sperm and assess the consequences to offspring. A literature search identified over 200 studies with relevant data in humans and animal models. The available data were reviewed to assess the weight of evidence that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen and estimate effect sizes...

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