calcium urolithiasis

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism and potential of Rhizoma alismatis polysaccharides (RAPs) in preventing oxidative damage to human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The experimental approach involved incubating HK-2 cells with 100 nm calcium oxalate monohydrate for 24 h to establish a cellular injury model. Protection was provided by RAPs with varying carboxyl group contents: 3.57%, 7.79%, 10.84%, and 15.33%. The safeguarding effect of RAPs was evaluated by analyzing relevant cellular biochemical indicators...

Urinary stone disease is a widespread health problem in both adults and children, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Various plants preparations have already been used since ancient times in order to treat urolithiasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and litholytic effect on kidney stones of Cydonia oblonga Miller. leaves. The infusion, methanol and acetone extracts were made from Cydonia oblonga Miller. leaf at different concentration. Estimation of mass fractions of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and flavonol contents, as well as the in vitro radical scavenging potential on 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) of the investigated extracts was carried out using colorimetric methods...

Background and objective Kidney stones, also referred to as nephrolithiasis or renal calculi, is a condition where crystal depositions are formed within the kidney and ideally excreted from the body via the urethra with no pain; however, larger calculi may cause significant pain and require further medical assistance. The vast majority of patients who develop renal calculi form calcium stones, which are either a composition of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cysteine...

Patients with Crohn's disease are at increased risk for symptomatic nephrolithiasis. Stones in these patients are most commonly composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or mixed calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate. Precipitation of both minerals depends on urinary pH, calcium, phosphate and oxalate excretion. The present manuscript reports on two patients with Crohn's disease and bowel resection, in whom the onset of symptomatic urolithiasis occurred after repeated infusions of ferric carboxymaltose - a drug, which is known to cause hyperphosphaturia...

Proof-of-concept of photonic lithotripsy in an in vitro setting and its ability to fragment the most common stone types is demonstrated. Effectiveness of different classes of photonic nanoparticles in fragmenting human stones is assessed. De-identified human stones were collected after institutional approval. Stones of a size range between 2-4 mm were rehydrated in simulated urine for 24 h. Stones were then coated with a solution of nanoparticles prior to activation with either a 785 nm or 1320 nm near-infrared energy source...

Type of feed is an important consideration in herbivore colony management, yet limited studies report on the effects of diet on common conditions such as urolithiasis in guinea pigs. Urolithiasis is a well-documented cause of lower urinary tract disease in guinea pigs, with calcium carbonate uroliths reported as the predominant calculi formed in the guinea pig urinary tract. A calcium-rich diet has been suggested as a risk factor for of urolithiasis, with numerous commercially available guinea pig diets formulated for adults avoiding ingredients that are higher in calcium...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Calcium oxalate crystals play a key role in the development and recurrence of kidney stones (also known as urolithiasis); thus, inhibiting the formation of these crystals is a central focus of urolithiasis prevention and treatment. Previously, we reported the noteworthy in vitro inhibitory effects of Aspidopterys obcordata fructo oligosaccharide (AOFOS), an active polysaccharide of the traditional Dai medicine Aspidopterys obcordata Hemsl. (commonly known as Hei Gai Guan), on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals...

Urolithiasis is a prevalent urological disorder that contributes significantly to global morbidity. This study aimed to assess the anti-urolithic effects of Cymbopogon proximus (Halfa Bar) and Petroselinum crispum (parsley) seed ethanolic extract /Gum Arabic (GA) emulsion, and its nanogel form against ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC)-induced experimental urolithiasis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: group 1 served as the normal control, group 2 received EG with AC in drinking water for 14 days to induce urolithiasis, groups 3 and 4 were orally administered emulsion (600 mg/kg/day) and nanogel emulsion (600 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by co-administration with EG and AC in drinking water for 14 days...

The formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the kidneys leads to renal epithelial damage and the progression of crystalline nephropathy. This study investigated the role of STIP1 homology and U-box protein 1 (STUB1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel, in CaOx-related renal damage and autophagy regulation. HK-2 cells were treated with various doses of CaOx monohydrate (COM) to simulate kidney injury in vitro. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were assessed...

Calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most prevalent type of kidney stones, undergo a multi-step process of crystal nucleation, growth, aggregation, and secondary transition. The secondary transition has been rather overlooked, and thus, the effects on the disease and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we show, by periodic micro-CT images of human kidney stones in an ex vivo incubation experiment, that the growth of porous aggregates of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals triggers the hardening of the kidney stones that causes difficulty in lithotripsy of kidney stone disease in the secondary transition...

Macrophages play a role in nephrolithiasis, offering the possibility of developing macrophage-mediated preventive therapies. To establish a system for screening drugs that could prevent the formation of kidney stones, we aimed to develop a model using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages to study phagocytosis of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. Human iPSCs (201B7) were cultured. CD14+ monocytes were recovered using a stepwise process that involved the use of growth factors and cytokines...

BACKGROUND: Globally urolithiasis is on the rise and gradually becoming a public health concern due to the associated complications. This study reviewed the demographic characteristics, the chemical composition of stones, treatment modality and duration of hospitalisation of urolithiasis patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted between March 2019 and April 2022. Data from consecutive patients treated for urolithiasis were used for this study...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors for stone formation and recurrence in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in a real-world cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients with NLUTD who underwent bladder stone treatment between 2010 and 2022. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to identify the potential risk factors for stone recurrence...

Urolithiasis is one of the most frequent urological diseases. Identifying the causes of stone formation forms the basis for successful prevention of recurrence. Metabolic diagnostics and measures for prevention of recurrence are based on the assignment of the patient to a low-risk or high-risk group. Analysis of the urinary calculi is an essential prerequisite for identifying patients at risk. The general recommendations on diet and lifestyle are considered to be the basis of treatment. Depending on the type of stone and the individual biochemical risk profile of a patient, these general measures should be supplemented by targeted medical nutrition therapy and pharmacological treatment...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with Chronic hypoparathyroidism (CHPT) receiving conventional treatment are exposed to several long-term complications including basal ganglia calcifications, posterior subcapsular cataract, kidney stones, and renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of these complications in patients with CHPT. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 58 patients with CHPT. All participants underwent physical examination, biochemical assessment (total serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum albumin, intact-PTH, serum magnesium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, serum creatinine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and 24-hour urinary calcium), slit lamp examination, brain computed tomography scan (CT-scan), and renal ultrasound...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the metabolic and clinical characteristics of adult cases with stone disease from a regional part of Türkiye. METHODS: The study included 2348 adult patients with sonography and/or computed tomography-proven urinary stones. All cases were given a questionnaire about the epidemiological features of urolithiasis. Aside from the type and severity of stoneforming risk factors, both patient (age, gender, BMI, associated comorbidities, first onset of stone disease, positive family history, educational level) and stone-related (size, number, location, chemical composition, previous stone attacks) factors have been thoroughly assessed...

This retrospective study aims to examine the correlation between calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and common clinical tests, as well as urine ionic composition. Additionally, we aim to develop and implement a personalized model to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using charts to predict calcium oxalate stones in patients with urinary tract stones. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 960 patients who underwent surgery for urinary stones at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022...

Urinary stones are a growing disease that results from pathological biomineralization. Cassia fistula Lin. is traditionally used to treat urinary stones. However, no scientific evidence is available to prove its antilithiatic effect. This study evaluates the antilithiatic potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula Lin. fruit (Cff) against calcium oxalate kidney stones. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6/group): Group I (control), Group II (rats treated with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride developed nephrolithiasis after 28 days), Group III (lithiatic rats receiving distilled water for 30 days), Group IV and V (lithiatic rats receiving aqueous extract of Cff at doses of 1 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days, respectively) and Group VI and VII (lithiatic rats receiving ethanolic extract of Cff at doses of 1 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days, respectively)...

Rhizoma Polygonati (RP) is the dried rhizome of the liliaceous plant. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. But its role in kidney stones has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of RP in the treatment of nephrolithiasis through network pharmacological analysis and in vivo experiments. The active compounds and protein targets of RP, as well as the potential targets of the nephrolithiasis were searched from the database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram and the drug-compounds-targets-disease network were constructed...

Phytotherapy, which involves the use of plant extracts and natural compounds for medicinal purposes, is indeed a promising alternative for managing urinary lithiasis. Many plants have been studied for their potential to prevent and treat kidney stones, and they may offer a more natural and potentially less harmful approach compared to conventional treatments. Additionally, phytotherapy may be more cost-effective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antilithic potential of extracts and essential oils of Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch in two in vivo models, one on ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate crystal formation and the other to assess the effects of these extracts on magnesium oxide-induced struvite crystal formation...