Knee joint loading in knee osteoarthritis

The speculation of dynamic knee valgus (DKV) correlates with kinetic changes in the frontal plane that increased loading patellofemoral joint (PFJ). Therefore, it is the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis study is the effect of kinetic factors DKV on patellofemoral pain (PFP). The search strategy was carried out in the electronic databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus. Studies limited to the period 2000 to 2020 were extracted. The quality of study was assessment by modified Downs and Black checklist...

Osteoarthritis (OA) can arise from various factor including trauma, overuse, as well as degeneration resulting from age or disease. The specific treatment options will vary based on the severity of the condition, and the affected joints. Some common treatments for OA include lifestyle modifications, medications, physical therapy, surgery and tissue engineering (TE). For cartilage tissue engineering (CTE), three-dimension (3D) scaffolds are made of biocompatible natural polymers, which allow for the regeneration of new cartilage tissue...

Understanding the loads that occur across musculoskeletal joints is critical to advancing our understanding of joint function and pathology, implant design and testing, as well as model verification. Substantial work in these areas has occurred in the hip and knee but has not yet been undertaken in smaller joints, such as those in the wrist. The thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a uniquely human articulation that is also a common site of osteoarthritis with unknown etiology. We present two potential designs for an instrumented trapezium implant and compare approaches to load calibration...

In this review, we discuss the interaction of mechanical factors influencing knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) pathogenesis. Emphasizing the importance of mechanotransduction within inflammatory responses, we discuss its capacity for being utilized and harnessed within the context of prevention and rehabilitation of osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, we introduce a discussion on the Goldilocks zone, which describes the necessity of maintaining a balance of adequate, but not excessive mechanical loading to maintain proper knee joint health...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. A challenge in the development of disease-modifying drugs is effective delivery to chondrocytes. The unique structure of the joint promotes rapid clearance of drugs through synovial fluid, and the dense and avascular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) limits drug penetration. Here, we show that poly(lactide- co -glycolic acid) nanoparticles coated in chondrocyte membranes (CM-NPs) were preferentially taken up by rat chondrocytes ex vivo compared with uncoated nanoparticles...

In primary or idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), it is unclear which factors trigger the shift of articular chondrocyte activity from pro-anabolic to pro-catabolic. In fact, there is a controversy about the aetiology of primary OA, either mechanical or inflammatory. Chondrocytes are mechanosensitive cells, that integrate mechanical stimuli into cellular responses in a process known as mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction occurs thanks to the activation of mechanosensors, a set of specialized proteins that convert physical cues into intracellular signalling cascades...

Knee malalignment is a risk factor for patellar instability and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA), but etiologies remain unknown. We investigated the potential effects of decreased weight loading during growth on knee alignments and patellofemoral (PF) joint pathology. Hindlimb suspension (HS) was performed in 4-week-old female rats for 2, 4, and 8 weeks (HS groups). Age-matched rats were used as controls. Three-dimensional reconstructed images of the knee were obtained using X-ray computed tomography. Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, patellar tilt angle, and bisect offset were measured as indices of knee alignment...

This study determined whether the acute cartilage response, assessed by cartilage thickness and echo intensity, differs between patients with early-mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. We recruited 56 women aged ≥ 50 years with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade ≤ 2 (age, 70.6 ± 7.4 years; height, 153.7 ± 5.2 cm; weight, 51.9 ± 8.2 kg). Based on KL grades and knee symptoms, the participants were classified into control (KL ≤ 1, asymptomatic, n = 27) and early-mild knee OA groups (KL 1 and symptomatic, KL 2, n = 29)...

Hip acetabular labrum plays a chondroprotective role by maintaining stability, providing a suction seal, and contributing to load distribution. In symptomatic patients without osteoarthritis, arthroscopic labral repair has strong clinical and biomechanical data to support its use. For irreparable tears, the labrum should be reconstructed. Biomechanically, labral reconstruction does not demonstrate superiority when compared to labral repair or the intact native labrum state. However, it is superior to labral excision...

In the management of true hip dysplasia, the bony deformity is nearly always accompanied by, and often causal of, intra-articular pathology. It is strongly recommended to conduct a comprehensive preoperative evaluation as well as arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of coexisting hip joint conditions prior to performing an open Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. The osteotomy improves coverage of the femoral head and corrects the abnormal joint mechanics and loading patterns, which result in cartilage damage and subsequent osteoarthritis...

CONTEXT: Gait biomechanics and daily steps are important aspects of knee joint loading that change following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Understanding their relationship during the first 6 months post-ACLR could help develop comprehensive rehabilitation interventions that promote optimal joint loading following injury, thereby improving long-term knee joint health. OBJECTIVE: Our primary objective was to compare biomechanical gait waveforms throughout stance at early timepoints post-ACLR in individuals with different daily step behaviors at 6 months post-ACLR...

The knee is the joint most frequently involved in osteoarthritis, a common joint disorder in the adult population that is associated with significant chronic joint pain, reduced mobility and quality of life. Recent studies have established an association between obesity and the development of knee osteoarthritis that goes beyond the increased mechanical load on the knees as weight-bearing joints. This link is based on the maintenance of a chronic low-grade inflammation, altered secretion of adipokines by the adipose tissue and development of sarcopenia...

BACKGROUND: Step width during walking can provide important information about aging and pathology. Although knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in elderly women, little is known about how different step widths influence gait parameters in patients with knee OA. OBJECTIVE: To address this, we investigated the differences between narrower and wider step width on the center of mass (CoM) and gait biomechanics of elderly women with knee OA. METHODS: Gait and CoM data were measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system and anthropometric data were acquired via standing full-limb radiography...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The intensity of the tibiofemoral contact forces is related to cartilage degeneration, and so is the importance of quantifying joint loads during daily activities. Although simulation with musculoskeletal models has been used to calculate joint loads, it demands high-cost equipment and a very time-consuming process. This study aimed to evaluate consolidated machine learning algorithms to predict tibiofemoral forces during gait analysis of healthy individuals and knee OA patients...

BACKGROUND: A decrease in knee flexion excursion during the loading response may affect not only quadriceps muscle weakness, pain, and inflammatory symptoms, but also lead to physical function decline and activity limitation. The aim of this investigation was to clarify the relationship between knee flexion excursion during the loading response and mechanical stress on the knee joint, muscle strength, pain, and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with medial knee osteoarthritis...

BACKGROUND: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate lower knee loading. This study aimed to determine whether sagittal plane TSM and joint contributions to total support moment (TSM) in the surgical limb are different between athletes who did and did not show radiological features of knee OA at 2 years after ACLR during triple hops (TH), single hop (TH), single-legged vertical jump (VJ), and walking. METHODS: Forty-one athletes with 2 years of unilateral ACLR surgery participated in this cross-sectional study...

Osteoarthritis is a bone and joint condition characterized pathologically by articular cartilage degenerative damage and can develop into a devastating and permanently disabling disorder. This investigation aimed to formulate the anti-inflammatory drug lornoxicam (LOR) into bile salt-enriched vesicles loaded in an in situ forming hydrogel as a potential local treatment of osteoarthritis. This was achieved by formulating LOR-loaded bilosomes that are also loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for intra-muscular (IM) administration to improve joint targeting and localization by applying an external magnet to the joint...

A novel structural dynamics test method and device were designed to test the biomechanical effects of dynamic axial loading on knee cartilage and meniscus. Firstly, the maximum acceleration signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental device was calculated by applying axial dynamic load to the experimental device under unloaded condition with different force hammers. Then the experimental samples were divided into non-specimen group (no specimen loaded), sham specimen group (loaded with polypropylene samples) and bovine knee joint specimen group (loaded with bovine knee joint samples) for testing...

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of disability among adults, has no cure and is associated with significant comorbidities. The premise of this randomized clinical trial is that, in a population at risk, a 48-month program of dietary weight loss and exercise will result in less incident structural knee OA compared to control. METHODS/DESIGN: The Osteoarthritis Prevention Study (TOPS) is a Phase III, assessor-blinded, 48-month, parallel 2 arm, multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to reduce the incidence of structural knee OA...

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing numbers of young patients with knee osteoarthritis there is a need for treatments that can postpone a joint prosthesis (total knee replacement). OBJECTIVE: As an alternative to the effective yet invasive knee joint distraction procedure, a knee orthosis was developed aiming to unload the affected knee and improving synovial fluid flow. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using a load-reducing orthosis for two months on functioning, pain, and disease progression (e...