keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30548806/scavenger-birds-exploiting-rubbish-dumps-pathogens-at-the-gates
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo I Plaza, Guillermo Blanco, María Julia Madariaga, Eduardo Boeri, María Luisa Teijeiro, Griselda Bianco, Sergio A Lambertucci
Different bacteria are present in rubbish dumps used as food resources by various bird species. Birds may be good indicators of the presence of zoonotic diseases in these sites since they can be infected with zoonotic pathogens by foraging on organic waste, and can also act as carriers. We studied if foraging in rubbish dumps increases the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Chlamydia psittaci in American black vultures (Coragyps atratus, hereafter black vultures) from northwest Patagonia. We compared these pathogens isolated from or detected in cloacae and oropharynx swabs in two different groups of black vultures: individuals trapped in (a) the Patagonian wild steppe and (b) in a rubbish dump...
March 2019: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30383828/quantification-of-avian-hazards-to-military-aircraft-and-implications-for-wildlife-management
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Morgan B Pfeiffer, Bradley F Blackwell, Travis L DeVault
Collisions between birds and military aircraft are common and can have catastrophic effects. Knowledge of relative wildlife hazards to aircraft (the likelihood of aircraft damage when a species is struck) is needed before estimating wildlife strike risk (combined frequency and severity component) at military airfields. Despite annual reviews of wildlife strike trends with civil aviation since the 1990s, little is known about wildlife strike trends for military aircraft. We hypothesized that species relative hazard scores would correlate positively with aircraft type and avian body mass...
2018: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30309375/protective-role-of-the-vulture-facial-skin-and-gut-microbiomes-aid-adaptation-to-scavenging
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie Lisandra Zepeda Mendoza, Michael Roggenbuck, Karla Manzano Vargas, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Søren Brunak, M Thomas P Gilbert, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
BACKGROUND: Vultures have adapted the remarkable ability to feed on carcasses that may contain microorganisms that would be pathogenic to most other animals. The holobiont concept suggests that the genetic basis of such adaptation may not only lie within their genomes, but additionally in their associated microbes. To explore this, we generated shotgun DNA sequencing datasets of the facial skin and large intestine microbiomes of the black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura)...
October 11, 2018: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30233993/urban-waste-disposal-explains-the-distribution-of-black-vultures-coragyps-atratus-in-an-amazonian-metropolis-management-implications-for-birdstrikes-and-urban-planning
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giase M de Araujo, Carlos A Peres, Fabricio B Baccaro, Rafael S Guerta
Collision rates between aircraft and birds have been rising worldwide. The increases in both air traffic and population sizes of large-bodied birds in cities lacking urban planning result in human-wildlife conflicts, economic loss and even lethal casualties. Black Vultures ( Coragyps atratus ) represent the most hazardous bird to Brazilian civil and military aviation on the basis of their flight behavior, body mass and consequently physical damage to aircraft following collisions. This study investigated how storage apparatus and type of organic residue discarded in public street markets modulate the spatial distribution and abundance of urban Black Vultures in the largest city in the Amazon (Manaus, Brazil)...
2018: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29686945/more-massive-but-potentially-less-healthy-black-vultures-feeding-in-rubbish-dumps-differed-in-clinical-and-biochemical-parameters-with-wild-feeding-birds
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo Ignacio Plaza, Sergio Agustin Lambertucci
BACKGROUND: Organic waste is one of the most important anthropogenic food subsidies used by different species. However, there is little information about the health impact that rubbish dumps produce on species foraging in these sites. METHODS: We studied the effect that rubbish dumps produce on the health of a scavenging bird from the Americas, the black vulture ( Coragyps atratus ). We sampled and studied clinical and biochemical parameters in 94 adult black vultures from two different sites in North Western Patagonia, a rubbish dump and the wild steppe...
2018: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29512014/mercury-in-the-feathers-of-bird-scavengers-from-two-areas-of-patagonia-argentina-under-the-influence-of-different-anthropogenic-activities-a-preliminary-study
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Di Marzio, Pilar Gómez-Ramírez, Facundo Barbar, Sergio Agustín Lambertucci, Antonio Juan García-Fernández, Emma Martínez-López
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food chains and is associated with adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. We used feather samples from bird scavengers to evaluate Hg concentrations in two different areas of Northern Patagonia. Hg concentrations were analyzed in feathers obtained from turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus), and southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) from the two areas of Northern Patagonia (Argentina): Bariloche and El Valle...
May 2018: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29310650/parasitaemia-data-and-molecular-characterization-of-haemoproteus-catharti-from-new-world-vultures-cathartidae-reveals-a-novel-clade-of-haemosporida
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J Yabsley, Ralph E T Vanstreels, Ellen S Martinsen, Alexandra G Wickson, Amanda E Holland, Sonia M Hernandez, Alec T Thompson, Susan L Perkins, Christopher J West, A Lawrence Bryan, Christopher A Cleveland, Emily Jolly, Justin D Brown, Dave McRuer, Shannon Behmke, James C Beasley
BACKGROUND: New World vultures (Cathartiformes: Cathartidae) are obligate scavengers comprised of seven species in five genera throughout the Americas. Of these, turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) and black vultures (Coragyps atratus) are the most widespread and, although ecologically similar, have evolved differences in morphology, physiology, and behaviour. Three species of haemosporidians have been reported in New World vultures to date: Haemoproteus catharti, Leucocytozoon toddi and Plasmodium elongatum, although few studies have investigated haemosporidian parasites in this important group of species...
January 8, 2018: Malaria Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29234134/anatomical-evidence-for-scent-guided-foraging-in-the-turkey-vulture
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathan P Grigg, Justin M Krilow, Cristian Gutierrez-Ibanez, Douglas R Wylie, Gary R Graves, Andrew N Iwaniuk
The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) is a widespread, scavenging species in the Western Hemisphere that locates carrion by smell. Scent guided foraging is associated with an expansion of the olfactory bulbs of the brain in vertebrates, but no such neuroanatomical data exists for vultures. We provide the first measurements of turkey vulture brains, including the size of their olfactory bulbs and numbers of mitral cells, which provide the primary output of the olfactory bulbs. Comparative analyses show that the turkey vulture has olfactory bulbs that are 4× larger and contain twice as many mitral cells as those of the sympatric black vulture (Coragyps atratus), despite having brains that are 20% smaller...
December 12, 2017: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29211936/avian-scavenging-of-small-sized-pig-carcasses-in-central-florida-utilizing-gis-to-analyze-site-variables-affecting-skeletal-dispersal
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John J Schultz, Alexander T Mitchell
Scavengers can significantly alter a forensic scene and consume, modify, disarticulate, and disperse bodies on the ground surface. The research purpose was to examine vulture scavenging in central Florida, USA. Four small-sized pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses were left on the ground surface of two microenvironments (shaded and open) at a secure site with game cameras. Dispersal data were mapped and analyzed using geographical information systems spatial analysis digital mapping tools. The primary avian scavengers recorded included black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), as well as bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)...
July 2018: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28858379/hematologic-reference-intervals-for-wild-black-vultures-coragyps-atratus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean C A Barbara, Vivian L Ferreira, Fernanda J V Guida, Fabíola E S Prioste, Eliana R Matushima, Tânia F Raso
BACKGROUND: The Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) is the most common species of vulture and is widespread in all America. The species feeds on rotting carcasses, and large groups are frequently seen in urban areas, concentrating especially on rubbish dumps. Although C atratus is a very common species in some areas, little is known about its health in the wild. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine hematologic RIs of wild adult Black vultures. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 70 wild Black vultures captured in São Paulo, Brazil...
December 2017: Veterinary Clinical Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28678813/fine-scale-assessment-of-home-ranges-and-activity-patterns-for-resident-black-vultures-coragyps-atratus-and-turkey-vultures-cathartes-aura
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda E Holland, Michael E Byrne, A Lawrence Bryan, Travis L DeVault, Olin E Rhodes, James C Beasley
Knowledge of black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) spatial ecology is surprisingly limited despite their vital ecological roles. Fine-scale assessments of space use patterns and resource selection are particularly lacking, although development of tracking technologies has allowed data collection at finer temporal and spatial resolution. Objectives of this study were to conduct the first assessment of monthly home range and core area sizes of resident black and turkey vultures with consideration to sex, as well as elucidate differences in monthly, seasonal, and annual activity patterns based on fine-scale movement data analyses...
2017: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27601346/multi-locus-phylogenetic-inference-among-new-world-vultures-aves-cathartidae
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeff A Johnson, Joseph W Brown, Jérôme Fuchs, David P Mindell
New World Vultures are large-bodied carrion feeding birds in the family Cathartidae, currently consisting of seven species from five genera with geographic distributions in North and South America. No study to date has included all cathartid species in a single phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among all cathartid species using five nuclear (nuc; 4060bp) and two mitochondrial (mt; 2165bp) DNA loci with fossil calibrated gene tree (27 outgroup taxa) and coalescent-based species tree (2 outgroup taxa) analyses...
December 2016: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27243150/antibody-prevalence-and-isolation-of-viable-toxoplasma-gondii-from-raptors-in-the-southeastern-usa
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Love, Oliver C Kwok, Shiv Kumar Verma, Jitender P Dubey, Jamie Bellah
Raptors are good indicators of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment because they prey on small mammals and birds. These prey species are a major source of infection in domestic cats ( Felis catus ), which shed the environmentally resistant oocysts. We assessed T. gondii infection in 281 opportunistically available raptors at a rehabilitation facility between 2012 and 2014. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by a modified agglutination test (cutoff 1:25) and found in serum of 22/71 Red-tailed Hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ), 25/54 Barred Owls ( Strix varia ), 9/41 Red-shouldered Hawks ( Buteo lineatus ), 13/28 Great Horned Owls ( Bubo virginianus ), 6/20 Broad-winged Hawks ( Buteo platypterus ), 2/16 Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio), 12/13 Bald Eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), 6/12 Cooper's Hawks ( Accipiter cooperii ), 1/8 Black Vultures ( Coragyps atratus ), and 1/1 Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos )...
July 2016: Journal of Wildlife Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25795925/chronic-lead-exposure-is-epidemic-in-obligate-scavenger-populations-in-eastern-north-america
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shannon Behmke, Jesse Fallon, Adam E Duerr, Andreas Lehner, John Buchweitz, Todd Katzner
Lead is a prominent and highly toxic contaminant with important impacts to wildlife. To understand the degree to which wildlife populations are chronically exposed, we quantified lead levels within American black vultures (Coragyps atratus; BLVU) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura; TUVU), two species that are useful as environmental sentinels in eastern North America. Every individual sampled (n=108) had bone lead levels indicative of chronic exposure to anthropogenic lead (BLVU: x¯=36.99 ± 55.21 mg Pb/kg tissue (±SD); TUVU: x¯=23...
June 2015: Environment International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25682585/contaminants-in-the-southern-tip-of-south-america-analysis-of-organochlorine-compounds-in-feathers-of-avian-scavengers-from-argentinean-patagonia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Martínez-López, S Espín, F Barbar, S A Lambertucci, P Gómez-Ramírez, A J García-Fernández
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to organochlorine compounds (OC) in 91 primary wing feathers of avian scavengers, Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), American black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Southern crested caracaras (Polyborus plancus) from the southern tip of South America, in the Argentinean Patagonia. We analyzed for a series of OC including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), heptachlor and heptachlor-epoxide...
May 2015: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24249399/comparison-of-eye-morphology-and-retinal-topography-in-two-species-of-new-world-vultures-aves-cathartidae
#36
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Thomas J Lisney, Karyn Stecyk, Jeffrey Kolominsky, Gary R Graves, Douglas R Wylie, Andrew N Iwaniuk
Vultures are highly reliant on their sensory systems for the rapid detection and localization of carrion before other scavengers can exploit the resource. In this study, we compared eye morphology and retinal topography in two species of New World vultures (Cathartidae), turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), with a highly developed olfactory sense, and black vultures (Coragyps atratus), with a less developed sense of olfaction. We found that eye size relative to body mass was the same in both species, but that black vultures have larger corneas relative to eye size than turkey vultures...
December 2013: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23785435/need-and-seek-for-dietary-micronutrients-endogenous-regulation-external-signalling-and-food-sources-of-carotenoids-in-new-world-vultures
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guillermo Blanco, Dámaso Hornero-Méndez, Sergio A Lambertucci, Luis M Bautista, Guillermo Wiemeyer, José A Sanchez-Zapata, Juan Garrido-Fernández, Fernando Hiraldo, José A Donázar
Among birds, vultures show low concentrations of plasma carotenoids due to the combination of their large size, general dull colouration and a diet based on carrion. We recorded the concentration of each carotenoid type present in plasma of the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) according to age and sex, that determine colour signalling and dominance hierarchies in the carcasses. We compared the carotenoid profile in wild condors with that of captive condors fed with a controlled diet of flesh to test the hypothesis that wild individuals could acquire extra carotenoids from vegetal matter contained in carcass viscera and fresh vegetation...
2013: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23181511/geographic-variation-in-the-taphonomic-effect-of-vulture-scavenging-the-case-for-southern-illinois
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gretchen R Dabbs, D C Martin
The taphonomic effect of vulture scavenging has been previously documented in central Texas (J Forensic Sci, 2009, 54, 524). This study reports on the behavioral differences between two species of vultures (Coragyps atratus, Cathartes aura) observed over a period of 1 year at the Complex for Forensic Anthropology Research in Southern Illinois. The decomposition of six research subjects and two control subjects was observed. Compared with the previous findings of vulture activity, the authors observed a severe delay in the time of first arrival (up to 28 days), decreased feeding time on remains (14-40 min), a less voracious feeding rate (7 days to 2 months to skeletonization), and a completely different feeding pattern of vultures in Southern Illinois...
January 2013: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23031159/the-presence-of-black-vultures-at-the-calving-sites-and-its-effects-on-cows-and-calves-behaviour-immediately-following-parturition
#39
COMPARATIVE STUDY
L M Toledo, M J R Paranhos da Costa, A Schmidek, J Jung, J N S G Ciryllo, V U Cromberg
Black vultures (Coragyps atratus) are often present near calving sites, and under this situation they may play a positive role by removing animal carcasses and afterbirth or a negative role by attacking neonate calves or disturbing cow-calf behaviours following parturition. Cow-calf behaviour was recorded over a 4-year study period from a total of 300 births involving 200 Nellore, 54 Guzerat, 20 Gyr and 26 Caracu cows. The calving site in relation to the location of the herd, considering cow-calf pairs within, close or distant to the herd, the presence of vultures and the behaviour of cows and calves were recorded instantaneously, at 5-min interval...
March 2013: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22903399/mycoplasma-corogypsi-associated-polyarthritis-and-tenosynovitis-in-black-vultures-coragyps-atratus
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A J Van Wettere, D H Ley, D E Scott, H D Buckanoff, L A Degernes
Three wild American black vultures (Coragyps atratus) were presented to rehabilitation centers with swelling of multiple joints, including elbows, stifles, hocks, and carpal joints, and of the gastrocnemius tendons. Cytological examination of the joint fluid exudate indicated heterophilic arthritis. Radiographic examination in 2 vultures demonstrated periarticular soft tissue swelling in both birds and irregular articular surfaces with subchondral bone erosion in both elbows in 1 bird. Prolonged antibiotic therapy administered in 2 birds did not improve the clinical signs...
March 2013: Veterinary Pathology
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