Salivary gland cancer

Head and neck cancer radiotherapy often damages salivary glands and oral mucosa, severely negatively impacting patients' quality of life. The ability of FLASH- Proton Radiation therapy (F-PRT) to decrease normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control compared to Standard Proton Radiation therapy (S-PRT) has been previously demonstrated for several tissues. However, its potential in ameliorating radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction and oral mucositis and controlling orthotopic head and neck tumor growth has not been reported...

In recent years, the five-year survival rate for childhood cancer has increased to about 80%. However, childhood cancer therapy can have serious long-term adverse effects on general health later in life. Of survivors, 75% experience 1 or more late effects. This PhD research aimed to gain more insight into the long-term effects on oral health of childhood cancer therapy, 15 years or more after diagnosis. This study, which is part of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Late Effects 2 (DCCSS LATER 2 Study), showed that oral complications such as dental developmental disorders and hyposalivation occur frequently...

The aim of this systematic review is to analyze epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathological features, treatment and oncological outcomes in laryngeal mucoepidermoid cancer (MEC) in order to improve the knowledge on the management of such a rare malignant neoplasm. Specifically, authors highlight patients' and tumors' features about local, regional, and distant recurrence of disease. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were applied in this systematic literature review. A computerized search was performed using the Embase/Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, for articles published from 1971 to December 2023...

PURPOSE: The incidence of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) seems to be underestimated due to inaccurate classification. Further, the frequency of SDC patients with targeted therapy options according to current guidelines is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at (a) describing the proportion of SDC among salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) before and after reclassification of cases initially classified as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (ANOS); and (b) quantifying the frequency of SDC patients with targeted therapy options...

The pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG1) encodes a DNA-binding, C2H2 zinc finger protein which acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes across different organs and tissues; hence, the name pleomorphic. Rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene, and/or overexpression, are associated with benign tumors and cancers in a variety of tissues. This is best described for pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in humans. The most notable expression of PLAG1 occurs during embryonic and fetal development, with lesser expression after birth...

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are proposed as a new xerostomia treatment. The study evaluated the long-term safety and effectiveness of allogeneic ASCs in radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with previous oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS: This study constitutes 3-year follow-up on the original 10 patients who received allogeneic ASCs injections to the submandibular and parotid glands as part of the MESRIX-II trial. The MESRIX-II trial included the preliminary 4-month follow-up...

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) have recently emerged as novel breast-specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and metaplastic carcinoma. The present study aimed to validate and compare the expression of MGP, TRPS1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC), invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with special features, including special types of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC-STs) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type with unique features, and mammary and non-mammary salivary gland-type tumours (SGTs)...

OBJECTIVES: Salivary gland injury is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancers. This study investigated the mechanism by which rapamycin prevents irradiation (IR)-induced injury in the parotid glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Miniature pigs either received (a) no treatment (NT), (b) IR in the right parotid gland for 5 consecutive days (IR), or intraperitoneal administration of rapamycin (Rap) 1 h prior to IR (IR + Rap)...

PURPOSE: To establish typical clinical and radiological profiles of primary low-grade parotid cancers in order to tailor therapeutic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 57 patients operated on for primary parotid cancer between 2010 and 2021, with review of preoperative MRI and histopathology according to a standardized scoring grid. OBJECTIVE: To study prognostic factors and determine the preoperative clinical and radiological profile of low-grade cancers...

PURPOSE: Pluvicto™ ([177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617), a radioligand therapeutic targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), has been recently approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPR). The drug suffers from salivary gland and kidney uptake that prevents its dose escalation to potentially curative doses. In this work, we sought to potentiate the in vivo anti-cancer activity of Pluvicto™ by combining it with L19-IL2, a clinical-stage investigational medicinal product based on tumor-targeted interleukin-2...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms is challenging, especially on cytological specimens acquired by fine-needle aspiration. The recently implemented standardized Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology provides an estimated risk of malignancy (ROM); yet, for two of the categories, the diagnosis of the lesion remains unclear. However, a precise diagnosis is desirable for optimal patient management, including planning of surgery and imaging procedures. METHODS: Cytological specimens (n = 106) were subjected to molecular analysis using the SalvGlandDx panel...

Parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P-MEC) is a significant histopathological subtype of salivary gland cancer with inherent heterogeneity and complexity. Existing clinical models inadequately offer personalized treatment options for patients. In response, we assessed the efficacy of four machine learning algorithms vis-à-vis traditional analysis in forecasting the overall survival (OS) of P-MEC patients. Using the SEER database, we analyzed data from 882 postoperative P-MEC patients (stages I-IVA). Single-factor Cox regression and four machine learning techniques (random forest, LASSO, XGBoost, best subset regression) were employed for variable selection...

Salivary gland damage and hypofunction result from various disorders, including autoimmune Sjögren's disease (SjD) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as well as a side effect of radiotherapy for treating head and neck cancers. There are no therapeutic strategies to prevent the loss of salivary gland function in these disorders nor facilitate functional salivary gland regeneration. However, ongoing aquaporin-1 gene therapy trials to restore saliva flow show promise. To identify and develop novel therapeutic targets, we must better understand the cell-specific signaling processes involved in salivary gland regeneration...

The ecto-ATPase CD39 is expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection and has been proposed as a marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in cancer, but the role of CD39 in an effector and memory T cell response has not been clearly defined. We report that CD39 is expressed on antigen-specific CD8+ short-lived effector cells (SLECs), while it's co-ecto-enzyme, CD73, is found on memory precursor effector cells (MPEC) in vivo . Inhibition of CD39 enzymatic activity during in vitro T cell priming enhances MPEC differentiation in vivo after transfer and infection...

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are low-grade extra-nodal B-cell lymphomas that may involve various sites in the head and neck including the thyroid, salivary, and lacrimal glands. Development of MALT lymphoma in the head and neck is often associated with auto-immune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome or Hashimoto thyroiditis. Here, we report a case of a MALT lymphoma of the left buucal mucosa that likely arose in the parotid gland. The patient was successfully treated with surgical excision with chemotherapy and remained disease-free at the 10-year follow-up...

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of head and neck region predominantly arises in salivary gland, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and larynx; those arising from tongue are rare. Morphologically, it is a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with early regional and distant metastasis. Diagnosis of LEC can sometimes be challenging especially in small biopsy and more so when seen at unusual location. Combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) helps the diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant lesion of salivary glands. A number of histologic grading systems are in use for MEC with variable agreement between them. METHODS: This study was aimed at comparison of four grading systems for MEC: two qualitative (modified Healy and MSKCC grading) and two quantitative (AFIP and Brandwein grading). A retrospective search for diagnosed cases of MEC over eight years yielded 11 cases with adequate clinical details and histologic slides available for review...

The ever-increasing popularity of standardized systems for reporting cytopathology has led in part to much attention to and importance of the risk stratification schemes, especially the risks of malignancy (ROMs), which are associated with the different diagnostic categories and upon which recommendations for clinical management are based. However, it is well known that the ROM calculations are based on retrospective reviews of the existing literature, representing a heterogeneous patient population, and are plagued by significant biases and variations...

BACKGROUND: Primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma has weak evidence to support its management due to its rare occurrence and limited data regarding its clinicopathological features and prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinicopathological features and prognosis for this type of carcinoma diagnosed over the past decade and compared those to the common breast invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST). METHODS: This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to extract data regarding primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma...

Salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) of the parotid gland are rarely occurring highly malignant tumors. A 65-year-old man presented with a preauricular mass. After surgical treatment and histologic examination, the findings were interpreted as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasis of the parotid gland deriving from a cancer of unknown primary DD primary SCC of the parotid gland. Adjuvant platinum-based radiochemotherapy was administered in domo. However, re-staging revealed multiple size-progressive pulmonary round lesions...