keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38116472/towards-better-antivenoms-navigating-the-road-to-new-types-of-snakebite-envenoming-therapies
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suthimon Thumtecho, Nick J Burlet, Anne Ljungars, Andreas H Laustsen
Snakebite envenoming is a significant global health challenge, and for over a century, traditional plasma-derived antivenoms from hyperimmunized animals have been the primary treatment against this infliction. However, these antivenoms have several inherent limitations, including the risk of causing adverse reactions when administered to patients, batch-to-batch variation, and high production costs. To address these issues and improve treatment outcomes, the development of new types of antivenoms is crucial...
2023: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37725768/pediatric-rattlesnake-envenomations-treated-with-crotalidae-equine-immune-f-ab-%C3%A2-antivenom-a-3-year-retrospective-observational-analysis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin A Seltzer, Garret A Winkler, Nathan A Friedman, Henrik Galust, Jeremy Hardin, Priya Srihari, Sam Ontiveros, Bryan Corbett, Richard F Clark
OBJECTIVES: Rattlesnake envenomations are uncommon, and the majority occur in adults. Although Crotalidae equine immune F(ab')₂ antivenom (F(ab')₂AV; trade name ANAVIP) was introduced in 2018, no pediatric specific studies of F(ab')₂AV have been reported to date. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance and adverse effects of F(ab')₂AV in children. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective chart review was performed on patients with rattlesnake envenomation presenting to a children's hospital between October 2018 and August 2022...
September 19, 2023: Pediatric Emergency Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37492185/snake-envenomation-in-three-cats-in-south-korea
#3
Jeong-Min Lee, Mi-Kyung Park, Gi-Ppeum Lee, Joong-Hyun Song, Kun-Ho Song
CASE SERIES SUMMARY: Three cats in South Korea were diagnosed with snake envenomation based on the appearance and location of bite wounds. Two cats were envenomed by the Gloydius species and one by an unidentified species. Clinical signs were detected, including local bite-site swelling, haemorrhagic discharge and necrosis. All three cats were given supportive treatment. An antivenom was administered to one cat, and the cat showed no adverse reactions. All cats survived, but skin necrosis remained a complication of the snake envenomation...
2023: JFMS Open Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37486099/incidence-of-serum-sickness-following-indian-polyvalent-antivenom-therapy-in-a-cohort-of-snake-envenomed-patients-in-rural-sri-lanka
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Subodha Waiddyanatha, Anjana Silva, Supun Wedasingha, Sisira Siribaddana, Geoffrey K Isbister
INTRODUCTION: Serum sickness is a poorly reported delayed adverse reaction following snake antivenom therapy. We aimed to assess the frequency of serum sickness associated with administering Indian polyvalent antivenom in Sri Lanka. METHODS: We recruited patients from the Anuradhapura snakebite cohort who were admitted to a rural tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka over one year period. Patients were interviewed over the phone 21 to 28 days post-envenoming to collect data on clinical effects: fever/chills, arthralgia/myalgia, rash, malaise, headache, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting...
July 24, 2023: Clinical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37442299/characterisation-of-two-snake-toxin-targeting-human-monoclonal-immunoglobulin-g-antibodies-expressed-in-tobacco-plants
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine M Moore, Anne Ljungars, Matthew J Paul, Camilla Holst Dahl, Shirin Ahmadi, Anna Christina Adams, Lise Marie Grav, Sanne Schoffelen, Bjørn Gunnar Voldborg, Andreas Hougaard Laustsen, Julian K-C Ma
Current snakebite antivenoms are based on polyclonal animal-derived antibodies, which can neutralize snake venom toxins in envenomed victims, but which are also associated with adverse reactions. Therefore, several efforts within antivenom research aim to explore the utility of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, such as human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, which are routinely used in the clinic for other indications. In this study, the feasibility of using tobacco plants as bioreactors for expressing full-length human monoclonal IgG antibodies against snake toxins was investigated...
August 15, 2023: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37393958/a-prospective-observational-phase-iv-study-on-effectiveness-of-animal-derived-polyclonal-antibody-antivenoms-against-west-african-carpet-viper-echis-romani-induced-coagulopathy-and-mortality
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Titus B Dajel, Saidu B Abubakar, Nasiru M Dan-Amarya, Nyam A Azi, Salisu Mu'azu, Muhammad Hamza, Garba Iliyasu, Muhammad Y Gwarzo, Abdulrazaq G Habib
Conventional polyclonal antibody antivenoms are the mainstay of snakebite therapy. They have not been proven to be efficacious in randomized placebo controlled clinical trials among severely envenomed patients. There is also paucity of evidence on effectiveness especially in routine use. The current study evaluated their effectiveness in post marketing use among those managed with and without antivenom as regards to reversal of venom induced coagulopathy defined using the 20 min Whole Blood Clotting Test [20WBCT] and in averting death...
June 30, 2023: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37257518/a-retrospective-analysis-of-epidemiology-clinical-features-of-envenomation-and-in-patient-management-of-snakebites-in-a-model-secondary-hospital-of-assam-north-east-india
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hirakjyoti Kakati, Surajit Giri, Aparup Patra, Simanta J Taye, Deepak Agarwalla, Hridoy Baruah, Gaurav Choudhary, Bhargab Kalita, Ashis K Mukherjee
Assam, a Northeastern State of India, is inhabited by several venomous snake species causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The data on the epidemiology of snakebites and their management is underreported in this region. Hence, a secondary health-based retrospective study was carried out at Demow Model Hospital, Sivasagar, Assam, to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of snakebite cases reported in this rural hospital and their management. Snakebites occurring between April 2018 to August 2022 were reviewed based on socio-demographic details of the patient, clinical symptoms, and treatment using a standard questionnaire...
May 29, 2023: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37180815/clinical-effects-of-immunization-bleeding-and-albumin-based-fluid-therapy-in-horses-used-as-immunoglobulin-source-to-produce-a-polyspecific-antivenom-echitab-plus-icp-towards-venoms-of-african-snakes
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rose Mary Huertas, Mauricio Arguedas, Juan Manuel Estrada, Edwin Moscoso, Deibid Umaña, Gabriela Solano, Mariángela Vargas, Álvaro Segura, Andrés Sánchez, María Herrera, Mauren Villalta, Cynthia Arroyo-Portilla, José María Gutiérrez, Guillermo León
During the production of snake antivenoms, the animals used as immunoglobulin source are subjected to processes that could deteriorate their physical condition. Therefore, these conditions must be carefully designed and validated. In this work, the immunization and bleeding protocols applied to horses used to produce the African polyspecific antivenom EchiTAb-plus-ICP were evaluated regarding their effects on the horses' health. The study focused on horses that had been previously immunized with venoms and then received periodic booster venom injections for antivenom production...
June 2023: Toxicon: X
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36561949/envenomation-by-the-green-bush-viper-atheris-squamigera
#9
Sam T Ontiveros, Priya Srihari, Garret A Winkler, Jake Del Rosso, Julia Sobel, Richard F Clark, Alicia B Minns
The Green Bush Viper, Atheris squamigera, is native to West and Central Africa and has few well reported envenomations. Bite victims experience dizziness, nausea, headache, regional lymphadenopathy, and localized edema. Most reports also detail severe effects including thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hemolysis, hemorrhage, or renal failure. Fatalities are reported, but poorly described. There is no specific antivenom for A. squamigera, but non-species specific antivenom has been reported helpful in several cases...
2022: Toxicology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36506742/japanese-pit-viper-bite-during-pregnancy
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shintaro Kakimoto, Yukinori Harada, Taro Shimizu
UNLABELLED: A 28-year-old pregnant woman presented with swelling of the left foot after she was bitten by a Japanese pit viper. At first the swelling was mild to moderate but then spread up to the left knee the following day. The patient's condition improved with antivenom treatment. No complication occurred in either the mother or the fetus. Although adverse reaction is a concern, antivenom should be considered as an option even in pregnant women if the benefits outweigh the risks. LEARNING POINTS: The use of antivenom for snakebites can sometimes be problematic in pregnant patients due to the adverse effects of antivenom...
2022: European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36287963/early-adverse-reactions-to-snake-antivenom-poison-center-data-analysis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charuwan Sriapha, Panee Rittilert, Taksa Vasaruchapong, Sahaphume Srisuma, Winai Wananukul, Satariya Trakulsrichai
Antivenom is an essential treatment for snake envenomation; however, early adverse reactions (EARs) are major limitations to its use. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using Ramathibodi Poison Center data (January 2016 to December 2017) to clarify the incidence and severity of EARs following different F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antivenoms. Among 1006 envenomed patients, 684 (68%) received antivenom therapy with a total of 1157 doses, mostly green pit viper antivenom. The overall EAR incidence and rate were 22...
October 9, 2022: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36240248/impact-of-antivenom-administration-on-the-evolution-of-cutaneous-lesions-in-loxoscelism-a-prospective-observational-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ceila M S Malaque, Christina T G Novaes, Roberta O Piorelli, Jose Y Risk, Jefferson C Murad, Amanda N Lara, Cristiana C Virgulino, Karina T Miyaji, Marcelo L Santoro
BACKGROUND: Spiders of the genus Loxosceles are distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Loxosceles spp. bites may evolve to necrosis, with or without intravascular hemolysis. There is no consensus regarding the best treatment to prevent necrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the development of necrosis and the impact that antivenom administration has on the evolution of cutaneous loxoscelism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This was a prospective observational study carried out at a referral center for envenoming...
October 2022: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36219924/a-simple-and-economic-three-step-process-for-producing-highly-purified-fab-fragments-directly-from-the-egg-yolk-water-soluble-fraction
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Myriam Belén González Viacava, Carlos Leónidas Leiva, María Eugenia Tavarone, José Christian Dokmetjian, Osvaldo Cascone, Pablo Chacana, Matías Fingermann
Although mammals are still the main source of polyclonal antibodies production, the use of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) is increasing, and thus improvement of its safety to reduce undesired reactions is needed. Removal of IgY constant domains by pepsin enzymatic treatment is expected to reduce potential adverse effects derived from the parenteral administration of these antibodies, while also increasing its distribution volume. Current Fab' production requires the previous purification of IgY to be used as starting material...
October 2, 2022: Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36202177/adverse-reactions-to-four-types-of-monovalent-antivenom-used-in-the-treatment-of-snakebite-envenoming-in-south-china
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianqin Li, Liangbo Zeng, Haiyan Deng, Qing Liang
To evaluate the adverse reactions associated with the four types of monovalent antivenom currently used in China, we retrospectively analysed the data of all patients admitted for snakebites who received antivenom treatment at the main institution for the treatment of venomous snakebites in Guangzhou from January 2013 to December 2021. A total of 1658 patients were analysed in our study, and 60.7% (n = 1007) of the snakebite patients received antivenom treatment. The incidence rate of adverse reactions that occurred after the administration of all types of monovalent antivenom was 4...
November 2022: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36006225/a-retrospective-evaluation-of-snake-envenomation-in-dogs-in-south-korea-2004-2021
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeong-Min Lee, Joong-Hyun Song, Kun-Ho Song
Snake envenomation is a medical emergency capable of causing local and systemic complications. However, information on venomous snakebite in dogs in South Korea is scarce. In this study, fifty-nine dogs treated at a private veterinary clinic from 2004 to 2021 were retrospectively studied. The aim was to characterize the demographics, elapsed time between snakebite and veterinary clinic presentation, laboratory findings, clinical signs, treatments, adverse reactions to antivenom, and prognosis of venomous snakebite...
August 18, 2022: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35987354/uncommon-defibrinogenation-and-coagulopathy-caused-by-trimeresurus-stejnegeri-stejnegeri-envenomation-in-a-patient-with-swelling-above-the-ankle
#16
Yu-Hsin Chen, Yan-Chiao Mao, Po-Yu Liu, Liao-Chun Chiang, Wei-Yu Chen, Chih-Sheng Lai, Cheng-Hsuan Ho, Kuang-Ting Chen, Wen-Loung Lin, Cheng-Yang Wen
In Taiwan, Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri (Stejneger's Bamboo pitviper) is responsible for more than half of all venomous snakebites annually. This species often causes local envenoming characterized by tissue swelling and pain, occasional local ecchymosis, bullae and blister formation, and lymphangitis and lymphadenitis. The pathophysiology and treatment of potentially life-threatening coagulopathy and defibrinogenation induced by T. s. stejnegeri systemic envenoming have not been specifically addressed...
August 17, 2022: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35917814/a-retrospective-study-of-clinical-and-epidemiological-characteristics-of-snakebite-in-napo-province-ecuadorian-amazon
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo S P Patiño, David Salazar-Valenzuela, Alberto A Robles-Loaiza, Paola Santacruz-Ortega, José R Almeida
BACKGROUND: Snakebite envenoming remains a relevant public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ecuador, this is particularly true in an area of great diversity like the Amazon region. Nevertheless, there is scarce information about epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these accidents in this area. METHODS: This was a descriptive and retrospective study of snakebite cases treated at a tertiary hospital in the Napo Province, Ecuadorian Amazon, from 2015 to 2019...
August 2, 2022: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35870542/a-retrospective-study-of-antivenom-associated-adverse-reaction-and-anaphylaxis-at-ngwelezana-hospital-south-africa
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Giles, S R Čačala, D Wood, J Klopper, G V Oosthuizen
BACKGROUND: Snakebite victims are commonly seen in KwaZulu-Natal Hospitals, with only a minority of patients requiring antivenom. This study reviewed antivenom-associated adverse events at our institution, after administration of the South African Vaccine Producers (SAVP) polyvalent antivenom. METHODS: A retrospective review, over 52 months (January 2016-April 2020), of patients who received antivenom. Demographics, clinical details and clinical course following antivenom administration were analysed...
July 20, 2022: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35675849/in-vitro-laboratory-analyses-of-commercial-anti-scorpion-mesobuthus-tamulus-antivenoms-reveal-their-quality-and-safety-but-the-prevalence-of-a-low-proportion-of-venom-specific-antibodies
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bhabana Das, Aparup Patra, Upasana Puzari, Pritam Deb, Ashis K Mukherjee
Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian Red Scorpion) sting is a severe but neglected health issue in India. The accomplishment of in-patient scorpion sting management is highly dependent on the safety, efficacy, and homogeneity of scorpion antivenom preparation. Therefore, in this study, the above qualities of commercial anti-scorpion antivenoms manufactured in India were assessed by in vitro laboratory analyses. Biophysical characterization of venom by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and proteomics analysis demonstrated that anti-scorpion antivenoms (ASAs) mostly contain F(ab')2 molecules with a trace amount of undigested immunoglobulin (Ig) G...
June 5, 2022: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35498377/hydrocortisone-for-preventing-adverse-drug-reactions-to-snake-antivenom-a-meta-analysis
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jihua Feng, Zimeng Wu, Qiao Yu, Hongyuan Li, Pan Ji, Yanli Yang, Xiaoliang Zeng, Xiaowen Zheng, Chunling Zhao, Jianfeng Zhang
OBJECTIVE: Pretreatment with hydrocortisone (prehydrocortisone) has been used to protect against adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following antivenom administration after snakebite. However, controversial results have been reported in studies evaluating its efficacy. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of prehydrocortisone on the risk of ADRs. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for relevant studies on the literature published up to December 6, 2020, with no language restrictions...
2022: Emergency Medicine International
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