isoflurane cardiac protection

Heart bypass surgery is the most common treatment for myocardial ischemia. Clinical investigations have revealed that isoflurane anesthesia is efficient to alleviate pain during cardiac surgery, including heart bypass surgery. Previous studies have revealed the protective effects of isoflurane on myocardial cells of patients with myocardial ischemia during the perioperative period. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of isoflurane on myocardial cells in mice with myocardial ischemia...

Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter that mediates cardiovascular responses and could protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion damage. Furthermore, this gas mediates bradycardia although the mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this regard, the inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic outflow may be partially involved. Thus, this study was designed to determine the capability of NaHS to inhibit the tachycardic responses induced by preganglionic stimulation of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow. Wistar rats were anaesthetized with isoflurane, cannulated and pithed...

BACKGROUND: Volatile sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) may reduce the number of adverse events and improve patient outcomes compared with intravenous (IV) sedation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of volatile and IV sedation in adult ICU patients. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register, and Web of Science databases for all randomized trials comparing volatile sedation using an anesthetic-conserving device (ACD) with IV sedation in terms of awakening and extubation times, lengths of ICU and hospital stay, and pharmacologic end-organ effects...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is associated an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), but the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms are not fully explored. This study was aimed to test whether dynamic factors and Cai handling play roles in arrhythmogenesis of a diabetic animal model. METHODS: We used 26 db/db type 2 diabetes mice and 28 control mice in this study. VA inducibility was evaluated in vivo under isoflurane general anesthesia. The intracellular Ca2+ (Cai ) and membrane voltage (Vm ) signals of the Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were simultaneously recorded using the optical mapping technique...

BACKGROUND: In the horse, effects of cardiovascular-active drugs on local perfusion of the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of drugs commonly used to support blood pressure, on local intestinal blood flow and tissue oxygenation under isoflurane anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo randomised crossover experiment. METHODS: Ten horses were anaesthetised with isoflurane. After 90 min of equilibration three doses (μg/kg bwt/min) of dobutamine (DOB 0...

Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in animal models. However, the protective effects of EIso on global cerebral I/R injury remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether EIso postconditioning was able to improve survival and neurological outcomes in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA). Rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the control, EIso-2ml, EIso-4ml, isoflurane (Iso) and emulsion (E) groups. All rats were resuscitated by a standardized method following 6 min of asphyxia...

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major disease burden. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) has been studied extensively in the context of cancer and the regulation of different types of stem cells, but the role of Wip1 in cardiac adaptation to MI is unknown. We investigated the significance of Wip1 in a mouse model of MI. METHODS: The study began in June 2014 and was completed in July 2016. We compared Wip1-knockout (Wip1-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to determine changes in cardiac function and survival in response to MI...

OBJECTIVE: Volatile anesthetic agents such as isoflurane may be associated with fewer adverse myocardial events compared with total intravenous anesthesia in cardiac surgery. The authors aimed to determine whether reasonable isoflurane concentrations at tissue level were being achieved to protect the myocardium using this agent. The isoflurane concentration in myocardium has never been measured. The primary aim was to sample coronary sinus (CS) blood and measure its isoflurane concentration...

BACKGROUND: Halogenated anesthetics activate cardiac ryanodine receptor 2-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release, leading to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca depletion, reduced cardiac function, and providing cell protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthetic activation of ryanodine receptor 2 is poorly defined, leaving aspects of the protective mechanism uncertain. METHODS: Ryanodine receptor 2 from the sheep heart was incorporated into artificial lipid bilayers, and their gating properties were measured in response to five halogenated anesthetics...

Early brain injury/ischaemia (EBI) is a serious complication early after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) that contributes to development of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). This study aimed to determine the role of inotropic cardiac support using milrinone (MIL) on restoring acute cerebral hypoperfusion attributable to EBI and improving outcomes after experimental SAH. Forty-three male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either sham surgery (SAH-sham), SAH induced by endovascular perforation plus postconditioning with 2% isoflurane (Control), or SAH plus isoflurane combined with MIL with and without hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor (HIF-I) pretreatment...

Inhalation anesthetics provide myocardial protection for cardiac surgery. This study was undertaken to compare the perioperative effects between isoflurane and fentanyl-midazolam-based anesthesia for heart transplantation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of heart transplantation in a single medical center from 1990 to 2013. Patients receiving isoflurane or fentanyl-midazolam-based anesthesia were included. Those with preoperative severe pulmonary, hepatic, or renal comorbidities were excluded...

We previously reported that pretreatment with the potent antioxidant TEMPOL improves mitochondrial function and restores preconditioning in the aging heart. Because mitophagy is implicated in cardiac preconditioning and declines with age, this study was designed to investigate how age influences mitophagy in response to preconditioning and whether TEMPOL pretreatment improves it. Old (22-24 months) rats were pretreated with or without 4-week TEMPOL and compared with young (4-6 months) untreated rats. Cardioprotection induced by isoflurane (ISO) in vivo and in isolated cardiomyocytes in vitro was assessed following ischemia/reperfusion and simulated hypoxia/reoxygenation, respectively...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Cardiac output does not always increase with dobutamine administration in anaesthetised horses and information on peripheral perfusion is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of intravenous (i.v.) dobutamine infusion with and without a concurrent 20 mL/kg bodyweight (bwt) bolus of crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascular function of acepromazine premedicated, hypotensive, isoflurane-anaesthetised horses. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, cross-over experiment...

This study investigated whether caridoplegia solution with Emulsified Isoflurane (EI) could improve cardiaoprotection in a dog CPB model of great similarity to clinical settings. Adult dogs were randomly assigned to receive one of the following cardioplegia solutions: St. Thomas with EI (group ST+EI), St. Thomas with 30% Intralipid (group ST+EL) and St. Thomas alone (group ST). The aorta was cross-clamped for two hours followed by reperfusion for another two hours, during which cardiac output was measured and dosages of positive inotropic agent to maintain normal hemodynamics were recorded...

AIMS: Neurocardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening systemic consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that contributes to triggering delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). This study aimed to determine the impact of dobutamine cardiac support during isoflurane postconditioning on post-SAH DCI. MAIN METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to SAH, SAH plus isoflurane postconditioning, or SAH plus isoflurane postconditioning with dobutamine. Severity of SAH was graded from 1 to 4 (mild, 1-2; severe, 3-4) based on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic preconditioning can improve survival of cardiac progenitor cells exposed to oxidative stress. We investigated the role of protein kinase C and isoform protein kinase C-ε in isoflurane-induced preconditioning of cardiac progenitor cells exposed to oxidative stress. METHODS: Cardiac progenitor cells were obtained from undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. Immunostaining with anti-Nkx2.5 was used to confirm the differentiated cardiac progenitor cells...

Isoflurane postconditioning (IsoPostC) attenuates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is critical in ischaemic postconditioning cardioprotection, which can be regulated by the Brahma-related gene (Brg1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), although they are both reduced in diabetic hearts. We hypothesized that reduced Brg1/Nrf2 and STAT3 activation may jeopardize IsoPostC-mediated cardioprotection in diabetic hearts. In the present study, Langendorff-perfused, non-diabetic (control) and 8-week-old streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion without or with IsoPostC, which was achieved by administering emulsified isoflurane (2...

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide radical (O2 (∙-)), is associated with diseases which compromise cardiac autonomic function. Overexpression of SOD1 may offer protection against ROS damage to the cardiac autonomic nervous system, but reductions of O2 (∙-) may interfere with normal cellular functions. We have selected the C57B6SJL-Tg (SOD1)2 Gur/J mouse as a model to determine whether SOD1 overexpression alters cardiac autonomic function, as measured by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and aortic depressor nerve (ADN) recordings, as well as evaluation of baseline heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: High airway pressures, necessary to keep equine lungs open, can have a detrimental impact on central and peripheral perfusion. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of stepwise increasing airway pressure recruitment on central and intestinal perfusion and oxygenation during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experimental study. METHODS: Ten anaesthetised horses were ventilated using intermittent positive pressure ventilation immediately after induction...

PURPOSE: The efficacy of myocardial conditioning strategies is compromised in patients with advanced age, diabetes, or low ejection fraction. We conducted a single-centre parallel-arm blinded randomized-controlled trial to determine whether propofol provides perioperative myocardial protection. METHODS: Patients enrolled in this study were scheduled for primary aortocoronary bypass surgery utilizing normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with blood cardioplegia...